Different patterns of phytoplankton distribution,cell size,species' composition and abundance

A survey of the phytoplankton in the eastern Atlantic Ocean south of the Gulf of Guinea was undertaken, covering the local cyclonic gyre in the neutral col between the South Subtropical gyre, the Equatorial Countercurrent and the coast of Africa. Phytoplankton distribution, cell size, and abundance displayed distinct patterns which are presumed to be related to differential environmental dependence.     

诱导型Hsp70在外源性甲醛对小鼠肝肾氧化损伤中的保护作用

为探讨外源性甲醛是否会对小鼠肝脏和肾脏的热休克蛋白70(heat shock protein 70, Hsp70)产生影响,选雄性Balb/c小鼠为研究对象,采用动态吸入方式染毒2周,每周5 d,每天8 h,随机分为空白对照组、3 mg·m-3甲醛染毒组。染毒结束后,计算肝脏和肾脏的脏体比,检测各器官中活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)、还原型谷胱甘肽(glutathione, GSH)的含量,同时用实时荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR, RT-PCR)法检测Hsp70的基因表达,并通过HE染色观察形态学变化。结果表明:与对照组相比,2种器官的脏体比均显著下降(P0.05或P0.01); ROS、MDA含量上升、GSH含量下降,出现显著性差异(P0.05或P0.01); Hsp70基因表达水平下降且差异显著(P0.05或P0.01); HE切片显示,甲醛暴露使肝脏的中央静脉窦的破损程度增加、细胞核变大,肾脏中肾小中肾小球基底膜变窄、体积缩小甚至分解。上述结果表明,甲醛暴露会对小鼠的的肝脏和肾脏造成不同程度的氧化损伤,小鼠可通过上调Hsp70的基因表达以增强机体的抗氧化能力。     

铅胁迫下La(NO3)3对油菜抗氧化酶的影响

用盆栽实验研究了 1g·kg- 1和 2g·kg- 1铅胁迫下 ,分别以 0 1 ,0 3和 0 5g·l- 1La(NO3 ) 3 溶液浸种 ,然后测定油菜幼苗中超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性和脂质过氧化产物丙二醛 (MDA)的含量 ,以及油菜幼苗生长的情况 .结果表明 ,稀土元素镧可以提高油菜幼苗地上和地下部分超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性 ,并降低丙二醛的含量 ,但是对于油菜幼苗生长的影响并不显著 ,显示镧能够在一定时间内抑制超氧阴离子自由基的产生以抵御铅的胁迫 .     

农药在土壤中迁移的研究方法

农药对地下水的污染已日益为人们密切关注，本文详细介绍了用土壤柱和土壤薄层层析法研究农药在土壤迁移行为用于预测或评价农药对地下水污染程度的研究方法。     

Changes of surface water pollution of Suzhou region:a case study in Taicang County, China

Environmental pollution is a by-product of industrialization when economy of a region is developing. China also suffers from such a problem, especially in the southern part like Suzhou region in Jiangsu Province. In this paper, data covering situations of surface water pollution and social and economic development showed that the surface water pollution in Taicang County, a typical economic zone of Suzhou region, is significantly correlated to the economic growth of this region.     

Redox potential E_H [Se(VI)/Se(IV)] of aqueous extractof soils from Yongshou Kaschin-Beck diseaseregion and the influence by humic acid

The relation between EH [Se(VI)/Se(IV)] and pH of soil aqueous extract in Kaschin-Beck disease region and the effects of natural redox agents, namely humic substances, MnO2 and Fe2+, on the redox property of the system were studied. The results indicated that both humic acid and Fe2+ could enhance the reducibility of Se(VI) and MnO2, a limited oxidizability for Se(IV). Fe2+ showed a weak reducibility only at low pH value. The reducibilities of three sulfur-containing compounds for Se(VI) were in following order:thioglycollic acid > L-cysteine > sulfide     

厌氧过程在厌氧－好氧工艺处理染料工业废水中的作用

采用厌氧－好氧工艺处理一种染料工业废水，在进水ＣＯＤ为１２００ｍｇ／Ｌ，色度为５００倍时，厌氧段有机负荷（ＣＯＤ）小于５．３ｋｇ／（ｍ￣３·ｄ），水力停留时间６～１０ｈ，好氧段水力停留时间６．５ｈ的条件下，出水ＣＯＤ＜２００ｍｇ／Ｌ，色度＜５０倍，达到了排放标准。同时，还着重讨论了厌氧段在去除ＣＯＤ、色度以及提高废水在好氧条件下的可生化性方面的独特作用。     

石油类废水采样器分析

讨论了现有的石油类废水的采样器。用分液漏斗和普通玻璃漏斗组装成石油类污水采样器，用CY-2000多功能红外测油仪对模拟水样进行分析。结果表明水样中石油类平均值为11．00mg／L，显著性检验t值为1．476〈t0.05（6）=2．45，无显著性差别。说明设计的采样器更符合实际要求。     

环境影响后评估中的公众参与研究

公众参与是环境影响后评估的重要内容。探讨了环境影响后评估中公众参与的作用、方法，并在上海轨道交通明珠线噪声影响后评估中开展了公众参与实践。     

安全的公路通向安全的未来——美国公路安全改进计划（HSIP）自评工具概述

本文主要介绍了美国公路安全改进计划（HSIP）的制定背景及其自评工具在领导、管理、规划、实施、评价方面的详细内容和实施方法。同时也描述了如何分析评价结果和制定行动计划，从而最大限度地保障人民群众的生命和财产安全。