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941.
942.
土壤中苯氧羧酸类除草剂的降解动态 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
在室内模拟条件下研究了 2甲 4氯、2,4-D和除草醚在土壤中的降解动态 .将它们放在 3种不同有机质含量的土壤中培养 ,隔一段时间取出测定它们在土壤中的含量 ,发现随着时间的延长 ,它们的含量在逐渐减少 .在未考虑土壤中微生物的作用时 ,上述 3种农药在土壤中的稳定性与土壤中的有机质含量及 pH值似乎存在一定的相关性 .除草剂在有机质含量高的土壤中降解较快 ,2甲 4氯 ,2 ,4-D和除草醚在黑土中的降解半衰期分别为 28.6d,27.3d,71.5d;而在红土中的降解半衰期分别为223.6d,301.4d,97.6d,苯氧羧酸类除草剂在酸性土壤中表现得更为稳定 . 相似文献
943.
944.
介绍了撬装式含油污水处理装置的研制过程.通过对液-液水力旋流技术、聚结斜板沉降技术、多滤料过滤技术等方面的研究,研制出一套撬装式含油污水处理装置,该装置具有结构紧凑、处理效果好、占地面积小、便于操作、便于运输的特点,适于小区块或边缘油田含油污水的处理.经现场实验,当停留时间仅为5 s时,即可获得较高的除油效率,在进口含油小于150 mg/L时,可将出口水中含油控制在30 mg/L以下,在进口悬浮固体含量小于100 mg/L时,可将出口水中悬浮固体含量控制在20 mg/L以下,使出口水质达到了行业标准SY/T5329-94中的中渗透率油田的B1级的注水标准,实现了含油污水处理后的就地回注,大大节省了污水处理成本. 相似文献
945.
Response of non-point source pollutant loads to climate change in the Shitoukoumen reservoir catchment 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The impacts of climate change on streamflow and non-point source pollutant loads in the Shitoukoumen reservoir catchment are
predicted by combining a general circulation model (HadCM3) with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) hydrological model.
A statistical downscaling model was used to generate future local scenarios of meteorological variables such as temperature
and precipitation. Then, the downscaled meteorological variables were used as input to the SWAT hydrological model calibrated
and validated with observations, and the corresponding changes of future streamflow and non-point source pollutant loads in
Shitoukoumen reservoir catchment were simulated and analyzed. Results show that daily temperature increases in three future
periods (2010–2039, 2040–2069, and 2070–2099) relative to a baseline of 1961–1990, and the rate of increase is 0.63°C per
decade. Annual precipitation also shows an apparent increase of 11 mm per decade. The calibration and validation results showed
that the SWAT model was able to simulate well the streamflow and non-point source pollutant loads, with a coefficient of determination
of 0.7 and a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency of about 0.7 for both the calibration and validation periods. The future climate change
has a significant impact on streamflow and non-point source pollutant loads. The annual streamflow shows a fluctuating upward
trend from 2010 to 2099, with an increase rate of 1.1 m3 s−1 per decade, and a significant upward trend in summer, with an increase rate of 1.32 m3 s−1 per decade. The increase in summer contributes the most to the increase of annual load compared with other seasons. The annual
NH4+-N load into Shitoukoumen reservoir shows a significant downward trend with a decrease rate of 40.6 t per decade. The annual
TP load shows an insignificant increasing trend, and its change rate is 3.77 t per decade. The results of this analysis provide
a scientific basis for effective support of decision makers and strategies of adaptation to climate change. 相似文献
946.
947.
948.
Juan Wang Jingjing Wang Yun Liu Yaguang Nie Bo Si Tong Wang Ahmed Waqas Guoping Zhao Meimei Wang An Xu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(11):94-106
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles(TiO_2 NPs) are subjected to various transformation processes(chemical, physical and biological processes) in the environment, potentially affecting their bioavailability and toxic properties. However, the size variation of TiO_2 NPs during aging process and subsequent effects in mammalian cells are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to illustrate the adverse effects of TiO_2 NPs in different sizes(5, 15 and 100 nm) during aging process on human-hamster hybrid(A_L) cells. There was an aging-time dependent enhancement of average hydrodynamic size in TiO_2 NPs stock suspensions. The cytotoxicity of fresh TiO_2 NPs increased in a size-dependent manner; in contrast, their genotoxicity decreased with the increasing sizes of NPs. No significant toxicity difference was observed in cells exposed to either fresh or 60 day-aged TiO_2 NPs. Both Fresh and aged TiO_2 NPs efficiently induced mitochondrial dysfunction and activated Caspase-3/7 in a size-dependent manner.Using mitochondrial-DNA deficient(ρ~0) ALcells, we further discovered that mitochondrial dysfunction made significant contribution to the size-dependent toxicity induced by TiO_2 NPs during the aging process. Taken together, our data indicated that TiO_2 NPs could significantly induced the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in an aging time-independent and size-dependent manner, which were triggered by mitochondrial dysfunction. Our study suggested the necessity to include size as an additional parameter for the cautious monitoring of TiO_2 NPs disposal before entering the environment. 相似文献
949.
蓟运河水中甲基汞形态分布研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以受汞污染的蓟运河水为对象,用化学平衡模拟方法研究了甲基汞不同形态的分布规律,运用IECWDI计算水体系化学平衡程序,收集蓟运河水九种金属离子、十种配体数据,考虑了72种络合物物种,25种可能生成的固体和两个氧化还原体系,计算中需用的甲基汞与黄腐酸络合物常数,建立了溶剂萃取法进行测定。最后计算了盐度、pH、pE等对形态分布的影响。 相似文献
950.
The long-range transport of oxidized sulfur(sulfur dioxide(SO_2) and sulfate) and oxidized nitrogen(nitrogen oxides(NO_x ) and nitrate) in East Asia is an area of increasing scientific interest and political concern. This paper reviews various published papers, including ground- and satellite-based observations and numerical simulations. The aim is to assess the status of the anthropogenic emissions of SO_2 and NO_x and the long-range transport of oxidized S and N pollutants over source and downwind region. China has dominated the emissions of SO_2 and NO_x in East Asia and urgently needs to strengthen the control of their emissions, especially NO_x emissions. Oxidized S and N pollutants emitted from China are transported to Korea and Japan, due to persistent westerly winds, in winter and spring.However, the total contributions of China to S and N pollutants across Korea and Japan were not found to be dominant over longer time scales(e.g., a year). The source–receptor relationships for oxidized S and N pollutants in East Asia varied widely among the different studies. This is because:(1) the nonlinear effects of atmospheric chemistry and deposition processes were not well considered, when calculating the source–receptor relationships;(2) different meteorological and emission data inputs and solution schemes for key physical and chemical processes were used; and(3) different temporal and spatial scales were employed. Therefore, simulations using the same input fields and similar model configurations would be of benefit, to further evaluate the source–receptor relationships of the oxidized S and N pollutants. 相似文献