臭氧氧化法处理实验室苯酚废水

臭氧氧化法在废水处理中有广泛的应用,鉴于酚类化合物在实验室废水中存在的普遍性及其对环境污染的严重性,选用了苯酚作为模型污染物,考察了臭氧氧化法的处理效果,研究了废水初始pH值和气体流量对苯酚的降解效率和臭氧利用率的影响规律.实验结果表明,废水初始pH值对臭氧氧化去除废水中苯酚和臭氧利用率的影响均很大,综合考虑各方面因素,确定出:臭氧氧化处理实验室苯酚废水的最佳pH值为10.3,最佳气体流量为1.6L/MIn.为臭氧处理实验室废水打下基础.     

华中地区夏季PM2.5中水溶性离子污染特征及来源分析

为探究我国华中地区不同区域夏季大气PM_2.5中水溶性离子污染特征及来源,选取武汉、随州和平顶山分别作为城市、郊区和农村监测站点进行大气PM_2.5样品采集,分析了大气中PM_2.5质量浓度以及8种水溶性无机离子含量.结果表明,采样期间3个站点ρ（水溶性离子）呈明显的空间分布特征,即:平顶山[（36.29±9.82）μg·m^-3]>武汉[（32.55±10.05）μg·m^-3]>随州[（26.10±6.23）μg·m^-3],分别占PM_2.5的质量分数为52.47%、 51.32%和48.61%,平顶山站点由于农村生物质燃烧活动,水溶性离子占比最大,其中,二次离子（SNA）是主要的离子成分,分别占总水溶性离子的95.65%、 96.12%和97.33%.武汉（0.64）和随州（0.63）站点硫氧化率均值高于平顶山站点（0.50）,而武汉（0.18）和平顶山（0.19）站点氮氧化率高于随州站点（0.15）,站点间硫氧化率和氮氧化率差...     

Evolution of boundary layer ozone in Shijiazhuang, a suburban site on the North China Plain

The structure of the boundary layer affects the evolution of ozone(O_3), and research into this structure will provide important insights for understanding photochemical pollution.In this study, we conducted a one-month observation(from June 15 to July 14, 2016) of the boundary layer meteorological factors as well as O_3 and its precursors in Luancheng County,Shijiazhuang(37°53′N, 114°38′E). Our research showed that photochemical pollution in Shijiazhuang is serious, and the mean hourly maximum and mean 8-hr maximum O_3 concentrations are 97.9 ± 26.1 and 84.4 ± 22.4 ppbV, respectively. Meteorological factors play a significant role in the formation of O_3. High temperatures and southeasterly winds lead to elevated O_3 values, and at moderate relative humidity(40%–50%) and medium boundary layer heights(1200–1500 m), O_3 production sensitivity occurred in the transitional region between volatile organic compounds(VOC) and nitrogen oxides(NO_x) limitations,and the O_3 concentration was the highest. The vertical profiles of O_3 were also measured by a tethered balloon. The results showed that a large amount of O_3 was stored in the residual layer, and the concentration was positively correlated with the O_3 concentration measured the previous day. During the daytime of the following day, the contribution of O_3 stored in the residual layer to the boundary layer reached 27% ± 7% on average.     

Variation on leaching behavior of caustic compounds in bauxite residue during dealkalization process

Bauxite residue, a byproduct of alumina manufacture, is a serious environmental pollutant due to its high leaching contents of metals and caustic compounds. Four typical anions of CO₃^2?, HCO₃^?, Al(OH)₄^? and OH^? (represented caustic compounds) and metal ions (As, B, Mo and V) were selected to assess their leaching behavior under dealkalization process with different conditions including liquid/solid ratio (L/S ratio), temperature and leaching time. The results revealed that washing process could remove the soluble composition in bauxite residue effectively. The leaching concentrations of typical anions in bauxite residue decreased as follows: c(CO₃^2?) > c(HCO₃^?) > c[Al(OH)₄^?] > c(OH^?). L/S ratio had a more significant effect on leaching behavior of OH^?, whilst the leaching concentration of Al(OH)₄^? varied larger underleaching temperature and time treatment. Under the optimal leaching, the total alkaline, soluble Na concentrations, exchangeable Ca concentrations were 79.52, 68.93, and 136.0 mmol/L, respectively, whilst the soluble and exchangeable content of As, B, Mo and V in bauxite residue changed slightly. However, it should be noted that water leaching has released metal ions such as As, B, Mo and V in bauxite residue to the surrounding environment. The semiquantitative analysis of XRD revealed that water leaching increased the content of gismondine from 2.4% to 6.4%. The SEM images demonstrated the dissolution of caustic compounds on bauxite residue surface. The correlation analysis indicated that CO₃^2? and HCO₃^? could effectively reflect the alkalinity of bauxite residue, and may be regarded as critical dealkalization indicators to evaluate alkalinity removal in bauxite residue.     

垃圾渗沥液中有机污染物的污染及去除

采用GC-MS-DS联用技术鉴定出垃圾渗沥液中的93种有机化合物,其中有22种被列入我国和美国EPA环境优先控制的污染物的黑名单中。在距垃圾场最近的地下水中的含量和种类最多,离1000m处仍然存在有机污染物。利用铝土矿混凝及吸附方法,对垃圾渗沥液进行处理。结果表明,其中48.93％的有机物完全被去除,12.90％的有机化合物去除率达70％以上,20.43％的有机物去除率达50％以上,18.23％的有机化合物去除率达50％。     

PCBs在土壤半野外试验系统中迁移与消失的规律

利用构建的土壤半野外试验系统,在接近野外(半干旱气候)条件下,研究高含量(400mg/kg)高氯代PCBs(以五氯代为主)在系统中的迁移与消失规律.结果表明,在处理后的12个月内,PCBs几乎没有迁移,也几乎没有减少;处理24个月后,仅有不超过2%的PCBs向下层迁移,但迁移不超过10cm;在处理24个月后,处理层PCBs的浓度降低10.19%,这其中包含向下迁移的部分该项研究为PCBs的填埋或其它处理措施提供了科学依据,并为PCBs及其类似污染物的生态风险评价提供了基础资料.     

PANI/Bi_2MoO_6复合光催化剂的制备、表征及其可见光催化性能

采用原位氧化聚合法制备了PANI/Bi_2MoO_6复合光催化剂,采用XRD、SEM、PL和UV-Vis DRS等技术对其进行了表征,并将其用于罗丹明B(Rh B)的可见光催化降解。表征结果显示:聚苯胺(PANI)包覆于Bi_2MoO_6微球表面,促进了光生载流子的迁移,抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合,拓宽了催化剂的可见光响应范围。实验结果表明:PANI/Bi_2MoO_6复合光催化剂具有较高的可见光催化活性和良好的稳定性,当w(PANI)为36%、光照90 min时Rh B去除率达90.4%,明显优于纯Bi_2MoO_6;该体系中,空穴和·O2-在污染物的降解过程中起主要作用;PANI和Bi_2MoO_6之间形成了异质结结构,使光生电子-空穴对有效分离。     

磺化酚醛树脂干燥工艺节能改造实践

文章对某助剂厂磺化酚醛树脂干燥工艺节能改造经验进行总结。比较了同行业类似干燥设备的优缺点,并进行工艺分析和技术论证,通过设备选型,采用了直燃热风炉等节能设备。结果表明:SMP干粉产能提高了1倍,单位产品耗电量和用煤量占原有生产线平均值的60%和48%。     

西藏中部河流、湖泊表层沉积物及其周边土壤重金属来源解析及风险评价

为了解西藏河流-湖泊体系沉积物重金属的污染特征、空间分布、潜在来源及生态风险,对西藏中部河流、湖泊表层沉积物及其周边土壤中As、Ba、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Mo、Ni、Pb、Sb、V、Zn、Al和Fe 16种重金属总量进行了分析,并利用主成分分析-绝对主成分分数-多元线性回归（PCA-APCS-MLR）受体模型定量解析了重金属的潜在来源.描述性统计分析表明,研究区As、Cd、Hg、Ni含量较高,其中Hg和As污染较为严重;富集因子、地累积指数、污染负荷指数均表明研究区Hg污染较重,其次是As、Cd、Ni;平均沉积物质量基准系数法与潜在生态风险指数结果表明,研究区受Hg、As、Cd、Ni污染,其中Hg污染较重.在空间分布方面,污染相对较重的区域主要集中在昂仁金错、堆龙曲及一些封闭型湖泊,其中As污染范围最广.PCA-APCS-MLR分析表明,沉积物重金属主要有3个来源,分别为自然来源、交通运输和大气传输以及地热活动和矿山开采等;Co、Cr、Cu、Hg、Mn、Ni、V、Zn、Al和Fe主要受自然因素影响;Ba、Mo、Pb主要受交通运输和大气传输影响;As几乎全部来自地热活动和矿山开采;Cd、Sb来源较为广泛,3个主要来源均有占比.土壤中Cd、Hg含量较高,可能受交通因素影响较大,同时还与工业排放后远距离输送所造成的大气污染有关.     

微波消解、ICP-AES法测定苔藓植物中化学元素

利用微波消解、等离子体发射光谱(AES)法对苔藓植物进行元素测定,结果发现,测定标准物质的准确度和精密度令人满意,测定苔藓植物各元素的精密度都比较高,除Al以外,Ba、Ca、Cr、Cu、Fe、K、Mg、Mn、Na、Ni、Zn等元素回收率均在93%~106.5%之间.