Maternal serum markers in second-trimester oligohydramnios

The levels of the maternal serum markers alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), and unconjugated oestriol (uE₃) in 35 pregnant women with early second-trimester oligohydramnios differed from those in a reference population of 1699 singleton pregnancies. Maternal serum AFP levels above the 95th centile of the population distribution were observed in 80 per cent (16/20) of oligohydramnios cases with a normal fetus and in only 20 per cent (3/15) of the cases with a fetus displaying urogenital tract malformations. Elevated levels of hCG (above the 95th centile) and decreased levels of uE₃ (below the fifth centile) were encountered in 26 per cent (9/35) and 17 per cent (6/35) of the women, irrespective of the fetal condition. The abnormal profile of the serum markers in early second-trimester oligohydramnios resulted in 57 per cent (20 out of 35) of screen-positive cases for either fetal Down's syndrome or neural tube defects, compared with 8·4 per cent (143 out of 1699) in the reference population.     

汞的形态分析进展

汞的测定方法由总汞测定深入到汞的形态分析，综述近几年来汞的形态分析方法的发展，包括原子光谱法、气相色谱法、液相色谱法，毛细管电泳法和电化学分析法。     

单甲脒水解动力学研究

报道了单甲脒水解反应动力学与单甲脒在模拟水生生态系统中降解的研究。结果表明，单甲脒属在水中不稳定的化合物，在ｐＨ≤５时稳定，在ｐＨ≥６时则发生明显的水解反应，水解反应速率随反应介质ｐＨ值的增大而加速。单甲脒水解反应半衰期可从１５．９２ｄ（ｐＨ６）缩短至１．４０ｄ（ｐＨ９）。实验获得单甲脒水解反应温度效应系数为２．９，活化能为７８．７４ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ．单甲脒在模拟水生生态系统中的实验结果与在缓冲溶液体     

Accumulation of Hg(II) by microbial biofilms on suspended particulate matter

Accumulation of Hg(II) by microbial biofilms on suspended particulate matter     

环境保险在中国的可行性探讨

在解决环境问题的过程中，包含着诸多的商机，环境保险就是其中一例。环境保险属于责任保险的一种，介绍了环境保险在西方发达国家的发展与实践，并结合我国保险业的现状，得出在我国施行环境保险，既是我国保险业自身发展的需要，也是企业规避风险的需要。     

铁,镍,锰的火焰塞曼原子吸收分光光度分析

运用火焰塞曼原子吸收对铁、镍、锰等谱线较复杂的元素进行了测定，在实验的基础上，提出了仪器最佳工作条件，并对该分析方法的灵敏度、精密度及准确度进行了探讨。     

Observation-based sources evolution of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) in a megacity of China

Both concentrations and emissions of many air pollutants have been decreasing due to implement of control measures in China, in contrast to the fact that an increase in emissions of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) has been reported. This study employed seven years continuous NMHCs measurements and the related activities data of Shanghai, a megacity in China, to explore evolution of emissions and effectiveness of air pollution control measures. The mixing ratio of NMHCs showed no statistical interannual changes, of which their compositions exhibited marked changes. This resulted in a decreasing trend of ozone formation potential by 3.8%/year (p < 0.05, the same below), which should be beneficial to ozone pollution mitigation as its production in Shanghai is in the NMHCs-limited regime. Observed alkanes, aromatics and acetylene changed by +3.7%/year, -5.9%/year and -7.4%/year, respectively, and alkenes showed no apparent trend. NMHCs sources were apportioned by a positive matrix factorization model. Accordingly, vehicular emissions (-5.9%/year) and petrochemical industry emissions (-7.1%/year) decreased significantly, but the decrease slowed down; significant reduction in solvent usage (-9.0%/year) appeared after 2010; however, emissions of natural gas (+12.6%/year) and fuel evaporation (with an increasing fraction) became more important. The inconsistency between observations and inventories was found in interannual trend and speciation as well as source contributions, emphasizing the need for further validation in NMHCs emission inventory. Our study confirms the effectiveness of measures targeting mobile and centralized emissions from industrial sources and reveals a need focusing on fugitive emissions, which provided new insights into future air policies in polluted region.     

硒对镰刀菌毒素毒性抑制作用的初步研究

用动物试验确定硒(Ⅳ)对镰刀菌中一种尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)毒素的毒性有抑制作用。用人胚软骨细胞实验也初步观察到相似的结果,对该菌属代谢物之一镰刀菌酸与硒的化学作用进行了初步探讨。     

Fetal ductus venosus flow velocity waveforms and maternal serum afp before and after first-trimester transabdominal chorionic villus sampling

Doppler flow velocity waveform recording in the fetal ductus venosus and umbilical artery as well as maternal blood sampling for serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) was performed before and after transabdominal chorion villus sampling (TACVS) in 36 women of advanced maternal age (≥ 36 years). Gestational age ranged between 11 and 13 weeks. No chromosomal anomaly was detected. No statistically significant difference was observed in ductus venosus velocity parameters or in the umbilical artery pulsatility index (PI) before and after CVS in 35 women with a normal pregnancy outcome. One case resulted in fetal loss. Post-CVS median MSAFP levels at 12 weeks (25 kIU/1) and 13 weeks (35 kIU/1) were significantly higher than pre-CVS levels. In three cases, post-CVS MSAFP levels were higher than 600 kIU/1, correlating with feto-maternal transfusions of approximately 1.0–1.4 ml, i.e., of around 40 per cent of feto-placental blood volume. One of these cases displayed absence of fetal peripheral blood flow velocities and fetal bradycardia following TACVS, resulting in fetal loss 1 week later. The remaining two cases had a normal pregnancy outcome, but showed a more than 50 per cent reduction in ductus venosus velocity after TACVS, whereas umbilical artery PI remained unchanged. However, similar velocity changes were associated with only small feto-maternal transfusions. Umbilical artery PI values remained unchanged.     

复合氧化物用于汽车排气催化氧化的实验研究

本文制备出一种非贵金属复合氧化物催化剂 ,可用于治理汽车排气中的 CO和 HC,初步研究了其对 CO和 C3 H6的催化氧化效果 ,实验结果表明 ,该催化剂具有较好的催化氧化能力