环境监测实验室信息管理系统的构建研究——以上海纺织节能环保中心为例

实验室信息管理系统（LIMS）是集样品管理、资源管理、事务管理、网络管理、数据管理（采集、传输、处理、输出、发布）、报告管理等诸多模块为一体,形成了一套完整的信息化实验室综合管理和产品质量监控体系。本文简述了建设环境监测实验室信息管理系统（LIMS）的意义,着重介绍了LIMS系统的功能模块,对LIMS项目建设的几个关键阶段进行了分析,并谈到了实施LIMS项目的体会,可为需开展LIMS系统建设的实验室提供借鉴。     

Application of a hybrid gravity-driven membrane filtration and dissolved ozone flotation (MDOF) process for wastewater reclamation and membrane fouling mitigation

This study proposed a novel membrane filtration and dissolved ozone flotation integrated(MDOF) process and tested it at pilot scale. Membrane filtration in the MDOF process was operated in gravity-driven mode, and required no backwashing, flushing, or chemical cleaning. Because ozone was added in the MDOF process, ozonation, coagulation, and membrane filtration could occur in a single reactor. Moreover, in situ ozonation occurred in the MDOF process, which differs from the conventional pre-ozonation membrane filtration process. Significant enhancement of turbidity removal was further achieved through the addition of membrane filtration. Membrane fouling was mitigated in the MDOF process compared to the MDAF process. In situ ozonation in the MDOF process decreased the fluorescence intensity and transformed the high MW dissolved organics into small MW compounds. For the fouling layer, the extracellular polymeric substance(EPS) contents and cake layer morphology were analyzed. The results indicated that the contents of EPS decreased. Furthermore, a thinner and more loosely structured cake layer formed in the MDOF process. Because coagulation and ozonation occurred simultaneously in a single reactor, the generation of hydroxyl radicals was enhanced through the catalytic effect of Al-based coagulants on ozone decomposition, which further alleviated membrane fouling in the MDOF process.     

Spatial and temporal distribution of the cloud optical depth over China based on MODIS satellite data during 2003–2016

The cloud optical depth(COD) is one of the important parameters used to characterize atmospheric clouds. We analyzed the seasonal variations in the COD over East Asia in 2011 using cloud mode data from the AERONET(Aerosol Robotic Network) ground-based observational network. The applicability of the MODIS(Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) COD product was verified and compared with the AERONET cloud mode dataset. There was a good correlation between the AERONET and the MODIS. The spatial and temporal distribution and trends in the COD over China were then analyzed using MODIS satellite data from 2003 to 2016. The seasonal changes in the AERONET data and the time sequence variation of the satellite data suggest that the seasonal variations in the COD are significant. The result shows that the COD first decreases and then increases with the season in northern China, and reaches the maximum in summer and minimum in winter.However, the spatial distribution change is just the opposite in southern China. The spatial variation trend shows the COD in China decreases first with time and gradually increases after 2014. And the trend of COD in the western and central China is consistent with that in China. While the trend of COD shows a continuously increasing over time in northeast China and the Pearl River Delta.     

灭螺植物资源的开发利用研究

利用我国灭螺植物资源的优势 ,对32种药用植物[1]进行了灭螺实验 ,并从中筛选出5种对水陆两栖型钉螺(Oncomelaniahupensis)毒杀作用强烈、资源丰富、对环境污染较小的植物。研制了植物颗粒剂和植物粉剂两种灭螺剂型用于灭螺实验。实验结果表明 :植物颗粒灭螺剂对钉螺有强烈的毒杀作用 ,钉螺取食颗粒剂后24h死亡率分别达84 8%～100 % ,其毒杀效果明显优于相同植物的其它灭螺方法 ,对钉螺致死时间比1×10-3g/l氯硝柳胺化学灭螺剂提前12～24h。与其他植物灭螺方法比较 ,具有应用广泛、简便实用的特点 ,为利用植物资源进行灭螺提供了一种新的方法。     

石油类废水采样器分析

讨论了现有的石油类废水的采样器。用分液漏斗和普通玻璃漏斗组装成石油类污水采样器，用CY-2000多功能红外测油仪对模拟水样进行分析。结果表明水样中石油类平均值为11．00mg／L，显著性检验t值为1．476〈t0.05（6）=2．45，无显著性差别。说明设计的采样器更符合实际要求。     

南充市人居环境现状评价初探

文章简要论述了人居环境研究的发展和中国城市人居环境的现状.发展了张仁开先生总结的人居环境评价体系,采用问卷调查的方法获得基础资料.对南充人居环境进行评价,并与长沙市做简要对比.最后得出南充人居环境发展的结论和建议:协调规划城市发展,注重川东北特色城市人居环境的构建.     

低山丘陵区土地整理与可持续发展研究——以广安区为例

为探讨低山丘陵区土地整理的模式，利用MAPGIS软件综合处理研究区大量与土地利用相关的基础数据。针对低山丘陵区土地资源利用的现状及特点，从多方面说明土地整理的迫切性。依据经济、社会、生态相统一的目标，划定3个土地开发整理区，确定开发整理的方向及重点。研究得出土地整理是改善用地结构、协调人地矛盾的有效途径。结论：土地整理应首先以保护耕地数量和质量为核心，集约利用土地，促进耕地总量动态平衡；加强土地管理，提高土地的利用率和综合效益。     

Urban stormwater disinfection, quality variability during storage and influence on the freshwater algae: Implications for reuse safety

Stormwater reuse is one of the most important ways to mitigate water resource shortage. However, urban stormwater contains many bacteria species, which threaten the reuse safety. Therefore, stormwater disinfection is highly needed. Although disinfection has been widely conducted in the drinking water and reclaimed water, it is rarely carried out for stormwater. This study collected the roof stormwater and undertook chlorination disinfection. Two typical bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) were selected in this study to investigate the disinfection efficiency. It is found that bacteria species present in the stormwater had an important influence on disinfection efficiency while the original stormwater quality did not show an obvious affect. However, when the disinfected stormwater was stored, the stormwater quality was highly variable during its storage process and the variability was affected by bacteria species. The S.aureus containing stormwater showed a high variability of quality and S.aureus significantly regrew. However, the E.coli containing stormwater quality had a relatively low variability and E.coli did not significantly regrew. Additionally, it is noted that after storage, the dissolved form of stormwater was more positive to the freshwater algae's growth while the particulate form (including bacteria and other particulate matters) was less. This implies that a further treatment such as filtration is needed before the stored stormwater is recharged into receiving waters in order to remove particulate forms. These research outcomes can provide useful insight to effective stormwater disinfection and ensure reuse safety.     

A new hypothesis for the etiology of Kaschin-Beck disease

Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) could be exogeneous free radical induced endemic osteoarthropathy under conditions of lacking necessary antioxidant defences.especially selenium-cored defence in Chinese eco-en-vironment. Experimental evidences have been provided for the internal relations among previously suggested pathologic factors, i.e., selenium deficiency, organic matters of drinking waterand mycotoxins from contaminated grains, based on the facts that the former is a preventory factor while the others are exogenous freeradical carriers. ESR spectrum shows that these exogenous free radical carriers have a property of semi-quinone compounds and are toxic in in-vitro cartilage cell culture and animal tests in inducing lipid peroxidation process.     

有机化合物水中溶解度的测定与估算

本文介绍用摇瓶法、产生柱法和动态联柱高效液相色谱法等方法测定有机化合物在水中溶解度的研究方法,同时给出了某些农药、硝基多环芳烃和氯苯类化合物的水中溶解度的实验数值.