川西南柳杉早材、晩材年表与温度和降雨的关系

年轮宽度和气候要素的相关或响应分析已大量应用在气候 树木生长的相互作用研究中。以川西南区瓦屋山自然保护区速生树种柳杉（Cryptomeria fortunei）的71个样芯,探讨了温度和降雨与柳杉早材、晩材年表的关系,结果表明早材径向生长对温度变化比较敏感,早材年轮指数序列与当年4月的平均温度、4月平均最高温度、上年9、10月平均最高温度间呈显著正相关关系,与当年7月平均温度以及上年11月最低温度间均存在显著负相关关系;晚材年轮序列与当年10月的平均最高温度呈显著正相关关系。柳杉早材年轮的生长过程中气温“滞后效应”表现明显,特别是在上个生长季的9～10月,最高温度的变化对柳杉当年生长季节形成较宽的年轮有重要的作用。不同的季节温度、降水量变化影响早材、晚材年轮的形成与生长     

插层改性累托石对水性环氧涂料性能的影响

根据累托石可进行阳离子交换的矿物学特征,先将天然累托石钠基化,再用氟碳表面活性剂和复合季铵盐对其进行插层改性,使有机铵阳离子进入累托石层间,并使层间距由2.41nm撑开至4.75nm,将插层改性后的累托石用作水性环氧涂料的防沉剂和流变助剂.结果表明:当插层改性累托石用量为颜填料质量的2%时,可以显著改善涂料的流平性、抗流挂性和颜填料的分散性.     

Size-segregated trace elements in continental suburban aerosols: seasonal variation and estimation of local,regional, and remote emission sources

We have measured trace element contents in suburban aerosols from six size fractions in the range of PM_0.27–16 from a background station in Belgrade (Serbia). The distribution and concentration of elements were determined within each of the investigated Dp fractions with emphasis on the fine and coarse modes. Fine/coarse mode ratios of element can provide information regarding their anthropogenic or natural origin. Analysis of seasonal variations of element contents in fine and coarse mode show that Cd, Co, K, and V have higher concentrations in the fine mode during heating season, while Fe contents are lower. In the coarse mode, Cu and V have higher concentrations during the heating season, while Al, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Sb contents are lower. We also apply a distribution probability model (normal, log-normal, and three-parameter Weibull) as new approach to estimate the distances of emission sources that can contribute to pollutant contents in particulate matter of the investigated location.     

Use of headspace SPME-GC-MS for the analysis of the volatiles produced by indoor molds grown on different substrates

An automated headspace solid phase microextraction method followed by GC-MS analysis was used to evaluate and compare the in vitro production of microbial volatile organic compounds (MVOCs) on malt extract agar, plasterboard and wallpaper. Five fungal strains were isolated from the walls of water-damaged houses and identified. In addition, four other common molds were studied. In general, MVOC production was the highest on malt extract agar. On this synthetic medium, molds typically produced 2-methylpropanol, 2-methylbutanol and 3-methylbutanol. On wallpaper, mainly 2-ethylhexanol, methyl 2-ethylhexanoate and compounds of the C8-complex such as 1-octene-3-ol, 3-octanone, 3-octanol and 1,3-octadiene were detected. The detection of 2-ethylhexanol and methyl 2-ethylhexanoate indicates an enhanced degradation of the substrate by most fungi. For growth on plasterboard, no typical metabolites were detected. Despite these metabolite differences on malt extract agar, wallpaper and plasterboard, some molds also produced specific compounds independently of the used substrate, such as trichodiene from Fusarium sporotrichioides and aristolochene from Penicillium roqueforti. Therefore, these metabolites can be used as markers for the identification and maybe also mycotoxin production of these molds. All five investigated Penicillium spp. in this study were able to produce two specific diterpenes, which were not produced by the other species studied. These two compounds, which remain unidentified until now, therefore seem specific for Penicillium spp. and are potentially interesting for the monitoring of this fungal genus. Further experiments will be performed with other Penicillium spp. to study the possibility that these two compounds are specific for this group of molds.     

Assessment of dissolved heavy metal in the Yangtze River estuary and its adjacent sea, China

The purpose of this paper is to determine the concentrations of dissolved heavy metals namely mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu) and to investigate the relationships between nutrients (nitrate-nitrogen and phosphate) and dissolved heavy metals. For this purpose, the concentrations of dissolved heavy metals were measured through 51 voyages form 1984 to 2006 in the Yangtze river estuary and its adjacent sea. Results analysis showed that dissolved heavy metals were not the main pollutants in the Yangtze river estuary, and the main source of heavy metal contamination was industrial wastewater from terrestrial pollution during the past 20 years. Heavy metal values showed significant abundance in the south branch of the Yangtze River estuary and Hangzhou Bay. In addition, Pb showed negative correlation with nutrients, while the positive correlations between Hg, Cd, and nutrients were shown. The obtained molar ratios, $\Delta \mbox{Cd}/\Delta \mbox{N} = 1.68 \times 10^{-5}$ and $\Delta \mbox{Cd}/\Delta \mbox{P} = 1.66 \times 10^{-4}$ , are close to those in plankton, showing the biogeochemical behavior and process of dissolved cadmium.     

Assessment of toxic heavy metals in urban lake sediments as related to urban stressor and bioavailability

Aquatic pollution pose a serious challenge to the scientific community worldwide, since lakes or reservoirs find multifarious use and most often their water is used for drinking, bathing, irrigation, and aquaculture. Nine metals and several physicochemical parameters, from four sampling sites in a tropical lake receiving the discharges from a thermal power plant, a coal mine, and a chlor-alkali industry, were studied from 2004 to 2005. Pertaining to metal pollution, the site most polluted with heavy metals was Belwadah, i.e., waters and sediments had the highest concentration of all the metals examined. The reference site was characterized by the presence of low concentrations of metals in waters and sediments. Following the water quality monitoring, 2-month field phytoremediation experiments were conducted using large enclosures at the discharge point of different polluted sites of the lake. During field phytoremediation experiments using aquatic macrophytes, marked percentage reduction in metals concentrations were recorded. The percentage decrease for different metals was in the range of 25% to 67.90% at Belwadah (with Eichhornia crassipes and Lemna minor), 25% to 77.14% at Dongia nala (with E. crassipes, L. minor and Azolla pinnata), and 25% to 71.42% at Ash pond site of G.B. Pant Sagar (with L. minor and A. pinnata). Preliminary studies of polluted sites are useful for improved microcosm design and for the systematic extrapolation of information from experimental ecosystems to natural ecosystems.     

解析全地下式泵站的环境与安全状况

本文介绍了城市排水泵站的发展状况,描述了全地下式泵站的结构布置情况及其优点,说明了全地下式泵站对于环境的影响,在对比分析的基础上发现全地下式泵站存在的三种主要安全隐患,并针对其安全隐患提出了相应的防护措施。     

纳米晶体表层钛阳极的制备及其在废水处理中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米晶体表层钛阳极,并表征了该钛阳极的形貌。实验结果表明：纳米晶体表层钛阳极表面平整,裂隙很少,且提高了电流效率;制作的中间涂层,在保护钛板、节省贵金属的同时使钛阳极涂层具有一定的梯度结构,增加了涂层的结合力,使该钛阳极具有较长的使用寿命,最佳条件下可使用15a以上;纳米晶体表层钛阳极处理硝基苯废水的最佳实验条件为：pH=2,每平方厘米纳米晶体表层钛阳极处理12mL废水,电流密度10mA／cm^2。在此最佳条件下,在较低耗电量（每吨废水耗电量低于6kW·h）的情况下硝基苯去除率大于98％。     

土壤性质对土壤中汞赋存形态的影响

土壤是一个复杂的生态系统,典型相关分析表明,土壤的组成性状对土壤中汞的形态分布影响较大,影响因子主要有ＦＡ,ＨＡ,有机质和碳酸盐含量,土壤粘粒作用较小,土壤有机质表现出很强的表面络合能力。