某电镀厂污泥酸浸除杂提磷试验

探讨了武汉某工业园电镀厂污泥酸浸、除杂提磷的工艺及条件。当H2SO4（浓度为72％）用量为4mL/g污泥,在液固比为5：1,常温搅拌浸出时间为1h,用碱液调节浸出液pH为4后沉淀1h,过滤,磷的浸出率为86％,铁的沉淀率达到94．2％,除铁后的浸出液进一步用NH4HCO3净化,并制取磷铵产品,总养分（N＋P2O5）为52％。产品达到国家合格品的标准。     

Treatment of simulated wastewater containing Reactive Red 195 by zero-valent iron/activated carbon combined with microwave discharge electrodeless lamp/sodium hypochlorite

A comparative study of treatment of simulated wastewater containing Reactive Red 195 using zero-valent iron/activated carbon (ZVI/AC), microwave discharge electrodeless lamp/sodium hypochlorite (MDEL/NaClO) and the combination of ZVI/ACMDEL/ NaClO was conducted. The preliminary results showed the two steps method of ZVI/AC-MDEL/NaClO had much higher degradation e ciency than both single steps. The final color removal percentage was nearly up to 100% and the chemical oxygen demand reduction percentage was up to approximately 82%. The e ects of operational parameters, including initial pH value of simulated wastewater, ZVI/AC ratio and particle size of ZVI were also investigated. In addition, from the discussion of synergistic e ect between ZVI/AC and MEDL/NaClO, we found that in the ZVI/AC-MEDL/NaClO process, ZVI/AC could break the azo bond firstly and then MEDL/NaClO degraded the aromatic amine products e ectively. Reversing the order would reduce the degradation e ciency.     

深圳荔枝湖富营养化综合治理工程效果研究

分析和比较了深圳荔枝湖综合治理工程运行9个月内不同湖区水体的叶绿素a、总磷、总氮及透明度的变化,探讨了综合治理工程对城市富营养化湖泊荔枝湖的水质改善情况.结果表明,治理工程运行期间全湖湖水营养水平控制在较低水平(总磷＜0.1 mg·L-1,总氮＜1.5 mg·L-1),四湖区藻类水平北湖区(16.77μg·L-1)和东湖区(21.45μg·L-1)较低,南湖区(35.83μg·L-1)、西湖区(32.69μg·L-1)相对较高,全湖水体透明度提高(全湖平均＞0.5 m);治理工程将湖水水质由劣Ⅴ类改善为Ⅳ类,由重富营养化水平改善为富营养化水平.     

重度富营养化水培条件下烟草的生长特性及其净化效果的研究

研究了烟草在重度富营养化水培条件下的生长特性、根的解剖结构,对其净化效果进行了观测,并对烟草在重度富营养化水中的生长特性变化原因、适应机理进行了探讨.     

磷矿山清洁生产评价指标权重最优设计研究

如何科学、准确地确定磷矿山清洁生产评价中各评价指标权重对磷矿山清洁生产评价具有极其重要的意义。因此,为了避免评价结果出现误差,本文通过对行业专家咨询调整不同准则层(或可调整的指标层)中指标所占的权重来确定最优化生产成本,实现集约生产,实现磷矿山企业利润最大化。这一设计方案的提出可为中国清洁生产水平进行准确的评价提供参考。     

紫外诱导高效降解菌处理生活污水的实验研究

由武汉某生活污水受纳水体的底泥中筛选分离得到生活污水降解菌,并经紫外诱导后投加到生活污水中进行处理.结果发现,在紫外线诱导下,该降解菌在3 min和5 min时,紫外致死率分别达到85％和90％;经紫外诱导后分离的两株突变菌,对TN的降解率分别提高到61.21％和63.89％,对TP的降解率分别提高到93.06％和93...     

An evaluation of a river health using the index of biological integrity along with relations to chemical and habitat conditions

We evaluated the health condition of a temperate river during June-November 1999 through applications of the index of biological integrity (IBI) using fish assemblages and qualitative habitat evaluation index (QHEI) as well as chemical analyses. Overall IBI values ranged from 13 to 37 and averaged 23 (n = 25, standard error = 1.16), indicating a "poor" or "very poor" condition according to the criteria of modified Karr [Fisheries 6 (1981) 21]. The values of mean IBI declined at a rate of 0.22 km(-1) (R2 = 0.91, p < 0.05) along the longitudinal distance from the headwaters to the downstream sites. Reduced IBI values at downstream sites reflected low forest cover, high population density and high nutrient enrichments. Ecotoxicity tests using the river water also showed that toxic impacts were evident in the downriver sites. These factors resulted in decreases of riffle benthic species and insectivores and increases of tolerant species, anormalies and exotic species in the river. Spatial pattern in IBI agreed with QHEI values, which showed a linear relation (R2 = 0.998, p < 0.001) with species richness. Field measurements of conductivity and pH, an indicators for variation of conservative ions, showed that the river water was diluted by 40% fold by summer monsoon rain and surface run-off from the watershed, resulting in a physical and chemical instability during the monsoon. For these reasons, average IBI values during the monsoon and postmonsoon decreased >20% compared to the premonsoon, indicating that IBI values were also affected by flow regime. Based on the overall physico-chemical data and IBI values, the river health is rapidly degrading due to the combined effect of chemical contaminations and habitat modifications.     

A practical application of Driscoll's equation for predicting the acid-neutralizing capacity in acidic natural waters equilibria with the mineral phase gibbsite

A practical application of Driscoll's equation for predicting the acid-neutralizing capacity (ANC) in acidic waters equilibria with the mineral phase gibbsite is reported in this paper. Theoretical predication values of ANC are compared with the experimental data obtained from different literatures. The effect of aluminum (Al) on the value of ANC is investigated. It indicates that Al plays an important role in regulating the buffering effects in acidic natural waters. Failure to consider Al in acidic waters may bias assessment results in certain situations so as to overestimate the ANC values in response to increase in atmospheric deposition.     

Dynamics of aluminum speciation in forest-well drainage waters from the Rhode River watershed, Maryland

This paper reports an investigation of the dynamics of aluminum (Al) speciation in the forest-well waters from study site 110 of the Rhode River watershed, a representative sub-unit of Chesapeake Bay. Seasonal changes of Al speciation are evaluated by a modified MINEQL computer model using chemical equilibrium calculation. It was found that Al-F and Al-Org complexes were the dominate forms, whereas toxic forms of Al3+ and Al-OH were not significant. This indicates that Al toxicity is not very serious in the Rhode River area due to the high concentrations of fluoride and organic materials, even though sometimes pH is very low (approximately 4). Increased H+ or some other associated factors may be responsible for the decline in fish and amphibian population on the watershed.     

Application of a hybrid gravity-driven membrane filtration and dissolved ozone flotation (MDOF) process for wastewater reclamation and membrane fouling mitigation

This study proposed a novel membrane filtration and dissolved ozone flotation integrated(MDOF) process and tested it at pilot scale. Membrane filtration in the MDOF process was operated in gravity-driven mode, and required no backwashing, flushing, or chemical cleaning. Because ozone was added in the MDOF process, ozonation, coagulation, and membrane filtration could occur in a single reactor. Moreover, in situ ozonation occurred in the MDOF process, which differs from the conventional pre-ozonation membrane filtration process. Significant enhancement of turbidity removal was further achieved through the addition of membrane filtration. Membrane fouling was mitigated in the MDOF process compared to the MDAF process. In situ ozonation in the MDOF process decreased the fluorescence intensity and transformed the high MW dissolved organics into small MW compounds. For the fouling layer, the extracellular polymeric substance(EPS) contents and cake layer morphology were analyzed. The results indicated that the contents of EPS decreased. Furthermore, a thinner and more loosely structured cake layer formed in the MDOF process. Because coagulation and ozonation occurred simultaneously in a single reactor, the generation of hydroxyl radicals was enhanced through the catalytic effect of Al-based coagulants on ozone decomposition, which further alleviated membrane fouling in the MDOF process.