动态混合曝气-微电解预处理维生素B1生产废水

维生素 B1 生产废水具有有机污染物浓度高、色度大、水量冲击大和可生化性差等特点.为了减轻后续和生化处理的压力,提出了动态混合曝气-微电解工艺进行预处理,通过单因素对比试验考察了各因素对出水效果的影响,得出最佳控制参数为:进水 pH 值为 5,曝气时间为 2 h,铁碳体积比为 0.5,气水比为 200,充水比为0.5,混凝体积比为5.TOC(原水52 120 mg/L)和色度(原水为 1 000 倍)去除率分别达到 34.9%和44%,为后续生化处理奠定了坚实的基础.     

RBF神经网络氧化沟系统出水氮磷预报模型

为定量模拟污水处理系统进水及出水水质参数数学关系,为污水处理系统的智能反馈控制奠定理论基础,文章以河南漯河市污水净化中心氧化沟系统为考察对象,采用径向基函数(RBF)神经网络对其模拟分析,建立了氧化沟系统出水TN、TP预报的RBF网络模型。建模过程采用的主成分分析与聚类分析有效挖掘了样本信息,采用的数据预处理方法缩减了模型误差。模型性能及灵敏度检验表明,建成的模型对出水TN、TP预报准确率分别达到90%、70%,相关性检验系数分别达到0.95和0.89,可用于该系统出水TN、TP预报,为系统在线控制提供指导。研究同时表明,RBF神经网络由于克服了误差反向传播(BP)网络收敛慢、局部极值等缺点,在水处理系统模拟及其反馈控制中,具有巨大的应用潜力。     

低强度超声波辐射对污泥生物活性的影响机制

通过测定超声辐射前后污泥性质的变化,不同处理方式对污泥活性影响以及自由基清除剂NaHCO3加入对超声作用效果影响,初步探讨了低强度超声波辐射对污泥生物活性的影响机制.研究结果表明,低强度超声辐射的机械作用和空化作用,使污泥絮体破碎,强化了固-液对氧的传质,提高了酶活性以及增加了溶液中可利用基质,从而强化了污泥的生物活性;不过,超声辐射同时也产生大量自由基,会对污泥生物活性产生抑制或破坏.因此,低强度超声辐射对污泥活性影响是促进效应和抑制效应共同作用的综合表现.     

胶州湾海域水质现状评价

通过对2009年胶州湾监测数据的分析,采用单因子指数法,对胶州湾海域水质现状进行了评价。结果表明2009年10月份胶州湾海域,一类和二类水质面积占胶州湾总水域面积的60.0%,劣四类水质面积占10.0%,胶州湾现状水质定性结论为一般。各点位各有机监测项目均为未检出,说明胶州湾内尚未产生有机污染。胶州湾内石油类的浓度范围为1.8 23 ug/L,各测点均达到国家海水水质一类标准的要求。胶州湾内重金属未出现超标现象。     

甲基汞的大气-水-土壤界面交换通量

通过模拟实验和野外实测,对甲基汞在大气－水和大气－土壤的界面交换进行了初步研究．结果表明,甲基汞释放通量与水中的甲基汞浓度有关,水－气体系中甲基汞释放通量大于水－土－气体系中甲基汞释放通量;甲基汞在大气－土壤界面的释放通量为０．２１～３．０９ｎｇ·ｍ^-2·ｈ^-1;在大气－水界面的释放通量为０．１４～０．７９ｎｇ·ｍ^-2·ｈ^-1．     

全氟辛酸对酿酒酵母细胞毒性作用

全氟辛酸(PFOA)广泛应用于工业生产中,具有高度的生物毒性及生物蓄积性,然而PFOA对环境微生物的毒性影响仍有待深入开展.通过流式细胞术测定了酵母菌在不同浓度PFOA胁迫下细胞膜通透性、ROS、线粒体跨膜电位的变化,并且测定了MDA含量和Na+K+-ATPase、Ca2+Mg2+-ATPase活性变化.结果显示PFOA可使PI染色细胞比例增高,酿酒酵母细胞膜通透性增大、ROS和MDA含量升高、线粒体跨膜电位降低,且ROS含量、MDA含量与线粒体跨膜电位降幅均与PFOA胁迫浓度和时间呈正相关.Na+K+-ATPase、Ca2+Mg2+-ATPase活性先上升后降低,表明酿酒酵母在PFOA胁迫下,其生理活性受到抑制甚至发生细胞凋亡.证明PFOA对酿酒酵母具有生物毒性,100 mg·L-1PFOA对酿酒酵母具有即时毒性.该结果可为PFOA的影响评价提供更多依据.     

Spatial and temporal variations of two cyanobacteria in the mesotrophic Miyun reservoir, China

Spatial variations in phytoplankton community within a large mesotrophic reservoir （Miyun reservoir, North China） were investigated in relation to variations in physico-chemical properties, nutrient concentrations, temperature and light conditions over a 5 month period in 2009. The dynamics of phytoplankton community was represented by the dominance of cyanobacteria through summer and fall, following with a short term dominance of chlorophyta in late fall, and a relatively high abundance of diatom in October; on the other hand, maximum phytoplankton biomass was recorded in the north shallow region of Miyun reservoir with a higher nutrients level. Particular attention was paid to the impacts of environmental conditions on the growth of two cyanobacteria genera, the toxin-producing Microcystis and the taste ＆ odor-producing Oscillatoria. Microcystis biomass was in general greatly affected by water temperature and mixing depth/local water depth ratio in this reservoir, while the Oscillatoria biomass in the surface and middle layers was greatly affected by total dissolved phosphorus, and that in the bottom layer was related with the Secchi depth/local water depth ratio. Abundant Oscillatoria biomass was observed only in late September when Microcystis biomass decreased and allowed sufficient light go through.     

Emission inventory evaluation using observations of regional atmospheric background stations of China

Any accurate simulation of regional air quality by numerical models entails accurate and up-to-date emissions data for that region.The INTEX-B2006 (I06),one of the newest emission inventories recently popularly used in China and East Asia,has been assessed using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model and observations from regional atmospheric background stations of China.Comparisons of the model results with the observations for the species SO2,NO 2,O 3 and CO from the three regional atmospheric background stations of Shangdianzi,Longfengshan and Linan show that the model can basically capture the temporal characteristics of observations such as the monthly,seasonal and diurnal variance trends.Compared to the other three species,the simulated CO values were grossly underestimated by about two-third or one-half of the observed values,related to the uncertainty in CO emissions.Compared to the other two stations,Shangdianzi had poorer simulations,especially for SO2 and CO,which partly resulted from the site location close to local emission sources from the Beijing area;and the regional inventory used was not capable of capturing the influencing factors of strong regional sources on stations.Generally,the fact that summer gave poor simulation,especially for SO2 and O 3,might partly relate to poor simulations of meteorological fields such as temperature and wind.     

脱硫设备用高效耐温防腐材料的研究

脱硫设备用有机高分子防腐材料，其性能主要取决于该材料的耐温抗老化性。本文通过机理分析及试验将研究一种有机硅改性的环氧树脂，并加入超细石墨粉和石棉绒，以硅烷偶联剂处理的玻璃布为增强骨架，做成耐温玻璃钢复合防腐材料。由实验发现，该防腐材料随温度的变化具有优良的稳定性和强度保留率，能够满足工业性应用要求。     

3例不同硒反应症状人血浆和血红细胞蛋白中硒的形态分布

用ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ－ＨＰＬＣ荧光检测方法了３例人血浆和红细胞蛋白或其亚其中的硒分布。在所采集的硒中毒病人，无病人和大骨节病人血浆中，分别邮５，５和４条含硒条带，在红细胞中则分别检出４，４和３条含硒条带，人血浆白蛋白或血浆硒蛋白和血红蛋白是人血硒结合蛋白。