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411.
Ivanilda Soares Feitosa André Sobral Júlio Marcelino Monteiro Elcida Lima Araújo Ulysses Paulino Albuquerque 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(5):234
The growing commercial demand for products with medicinal use has caused overexploitation of several plant species worldwide. To prevent the decline of these populations, the collection of these resources should be done in a sustainable way considering the time of its replacement in natural stocks. This study was designed to identify the relationship between different intensities of extraction of bark from the trunk of Stryphnodendron rotundifolium Mart. and its regeneration speed. For this, we selected two areas of Cerrado in the Northeast of Brazil, where a monitoring experiment with duration of 24 months was performed. This experiment consisted in simulating different extractive damage to assess the regeneration of bark. In each area, we selected 20 individuals, among which four treatments with five repetitions were implemented. The data showed that in both study areas, the trees regenerated their shells faster when subjected to higher collection intensities. However, this regeneration was not related to variations in rainfall in the environment. 相似文献
412.
Magali Lago Ana Aguiar André Natário Carla Fernandes Miguel Faria Eugénia Pinto 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(9):5581-5593
This study assessed if the use of sterol demethylase inhibitor fungicides in vineyard production can induce resistance to azoles in Aspergillus strains and if it can induce selection of resistant species. We also tried to identify the Aspergillus species most prevalent in the vineyards. Two vineyards from northern Portugal were selected from “Vinhos Verdes” and “Douro” regions. The vineyards were divided into plots that were treated or not with penconazole (PEN). In each vineyard, air, soil, and plant samples were collected at three different times. The strains of Aspergillus spp. were isolated and identified by morphological and molecular techniques. We identified 46 Aspergillus section Nigri, eight Aspergillus fumigatus, seven Aspergillus lentulus, four Aspergillus wentii, two Aspergillus flavus, two Aspergillus terreus, one Aspergillus calidoustus, one Aspergillus westerdijkiae, one Aspergillus tamarii, and one Eurotium amstelodami. Aspergillus strains were evaluated for their susceptibility to medical azoles used in human therapy (itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole) and to agricultural azoles (PEN) used in the prevention and treatment of plant diseases. The isolates showed moderate susceptibility to voriconazole. We did not observe any decrease of susceptibility to the medical azoles tested throughout the testing period in any of the treated plots, although some of the resistant species were isolated from there. 相似文献
413.
Aline Bianca Moraes Andréia Emília Wilhelm Thaíse Boelter Cristina Stenert Uwe H. Schulz Leonardo Maltchik 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(11):7063-7074
Recent changes in Brazilian legislation reduced the width of riparian forest buffer needed to be preserved in private properties from 30 to 15 m or less. The consequences of these modifications can be dramatic, mainly because riparian buffer width is an important parameter for riparian forest structure and functioning. Our study assessed whether (1) macroinvertebrate family richness and Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) family richness decrease with reduced riparian buffer width; (2) taxonomic composition and functional feeding group (FFG) composition of macroinvertebrates vary with a reduced riparian buffer width; and (3) reduced riparian buffer width similarly influence the macroinvertebrate community in different stream substrates. We selected three fragments with different riparian buffer widths (>40, <30, and <15 m) in three streams (fourth and fifth orders) in the Sinos River watershed, southern Brazil. Our results show that on all substrate types, reducing the width of the riparian buffer altered neither the macroinvertebrate richness nor EPT richness. However, EPT richness was greater in the substrates stone and gravel than leaf litter, independent of riparian buffer width. There was a significant difference in macroinvertebrate composition among riparian buffer widths. The macroinvertebrate composition and FFG differed among substrates, independent of riparian buffer width. This study showed that riparian buffer widths <15 m altered the macroinvertebrate community. A width greater than 15 m is necessary to maintain the composition and trophic conditions of macroinvertebrate families similar to those found in reference states of conservation. 相似文献
414.
M.M. Andréa R.Y. Tomita L.C. Luchini M.R. Musumeci 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):133-139
Abstract In support of field data, laboratory studies were conducted on volatilization, mineralization and binding of 14C‐p,p'‐DDT in soils at Sao Paulo. Incubation of soil for 6 weeks did not result in volatilized organics or mineralization; with >95% extractable radiocarbon in the form of p,p'‐DDT. Small amounts of bound residues (1.8%) were detected in soil. These data confirm the very slow dissipation of DDT in the field which presumably relates to the acidic pH of soil (4.5–4.8). Bound 14C‐residues in soils treated with 14C‐p,p'‐DDT at Praia Grande and Sao Paulo could be released (5–21%) by sulphuric acid treatment. The released residue had the composition: 69–90% DDT, 7–32% DDD and 0–3% DDE. Incubation of soil bound 14C‐residues with fresh inoculum for 3 months did not result in release of 14C. Dissipation from wooden surfaces was fairly slow. After 20 weeks, 74% of the applied radioactivity could be recovered; 44% hexane‐non‐extractable. 相似文献
415.
Åke Sjödin David A. Cooper Kenth Andréasson 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(3):186-190
Abstract Ambient air measurements of N2O, NOx, CO, and HC based on grab sampling were conducted in a major traffic tunnel in Sweden, that carries up to 4,000 vehicles per hour, in order to estimate real-world emissions of N2O for road traffic. Two different methods—relative and mass balance—were used to calculate a N2O emission factor for the mixed vehicle fleet, which gave an average emission factor, at average speeds of 30-70 km/h, of approximately 25 mg N2O/ km, with a range of 7-56 mg/km. 相似文献
416.
Thomas Plocoste Jean-François Dorville Stéphanie Monjoly Sandra Jacoby-Koaly Maïna André 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(12):1278-1300
ABSTRACTThis paper presents a study on ground-level ozone (O3), nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) concentrations, and their variabilities in the ambient air of three sites of a tropical archipelago that is moderately urbanized. Statistical analysis was performed on a quite complete (>80%) set of 5 years of measurements (2008–2012). There are few studies on those pollutants and their seasonal behavior in the Caribbean area, where pollution level and cities configuration are different from megacities. Analyses are focused on pollutant variations at the scale of the day, the week, and the seasons, using hourly data. The observations show that NOx concentrations are more elevated during the wet season, whereas O3 concentrations are higher in the dry season. Amplitudes of ozone cycles are strongly influenced by meteorological conditions (temperature, global radiation, and wind speed) and prevailing levels of NOx. An ozone weekend effect is detected with the highest amplitude in the city, where anthropogenic activity is the lowest during the weekend. Due to the nature and the origin of pollutants, NOx shows higher variability than O3 in the time series. Our results evince the need for continuous measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in order to better quantify their contribution in O3 formation in an insular context where numerous natural sources have been identified.Implications: Statistical analyses of observed NOx and O3 concentrations for 5 years for a typical low industrialized site of the Caribbean area have been done. Air quality for those components is correct based on the standards of the World Health Orgaization, pollutant source spatial distributions, and level of industrialization. Observations show the same patterns as in megacities but also a strong impact of weather conditions and road traffic. Behaviors of O3 cannot be fully explained without VOCs monitoring. Localization and type of AQS should be reconsidered to improve the accuracy of concentrations of the pollutant and better understand their behaviors. 相似文献
417.
418.
Christiane A. D. Melo André M. Massenssini Ana Beatriz R. J. Passos Felipe P. Carvalho Lino R. Ferreira Antonio Alberto Silva 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(2):115-121
This study aimed to isolate and characterize bacteria able to use sulfentrazone in the commercial formulation as their sole carbon source. The isolation of the potential sulfentrazone-degrading bacteria was made from soil samples with a recent history of herbicide application and from isolates identified through rDNA sequencing. Subsequently, we assessed the growth of the isolates and their sulfentrazone degradation ability using high-performance liquid chromatography. Twenty-six potential sulfentrazone-degrading bacterial isolates were obtained in pure culture. Through analysis of the rDNA sequences, the predominance of bacterial species of the genus Pseudomonas was found. The isolates presented a differentiated ability of sulfentrazone degradation. The presence of herbicide in the culture medium reduced the log phase of four isolates. Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas lutea, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida and three isolates of Pseudomonas sp. showed higher sulfentrazone degradation capacity, which varied from 4 to 15%. This is the first report of the Pseudomonas genre capable of sulfentrazone degradation. The isolates obtained present potential use in bioremediation programs for soil contaminated with sulfentrazone. 相似文献
419.
Joaquín Vierna K. Thomas Jensen Ana M. González-Tizón Andrés Martínez-Lage 《Marine Biology》2012,159(10):2209-2227
We report current genetic variation of populations of the razor shell Ensis directus (Conrad 1843) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pharidae) in native (North American) and introduced (European) ranges using nuclear and mitochondrial sequence-based markers. We expected less variation within the introduced range, especially considering the frequent mass mortality events observed in Europe since the species was recorded for the first time in 1978. However, we found higher variation in Europe. The possible significance of temporal fluctuations of genetic variation, limited effect of random genetic drift, and multiple introductions are discussed. Interestingly, the multiple-introduction hypothesis contrasts with the gradual colonisation of European coastal waters but is supported by trained clustering analysis and by the intensity of transatlantic shipping. Genetic and morphometric evidence strongly supports that examined individuals from a supposed E. directus population from Newfoundland (Canada) belong to a separate species. This new Ensis is formally described here and named E. terranovensis n.sp. 相似文献
420.
Julie Hermans Catherine Borremans Philippe Willenz Luc André Philippe Dubois 《Marine Biology》2010,157(6):1293-1300
The skeletal Mg/Ca ratio of echinoderms is known to increase with temperature but the relation has never been established
in controlled experimental conditions. The present study investigated the effect of temperature, salinity and growth rate
on Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca ratios in calcite skeletons of juvenile sea urchins grown in experimental conditions. Mg/Ca ratio was positively
related to temperature, increasing until a plateau at high but field occurring temperatures. It was not linked to salinity
nor growth rate. We suggest that this plateau is due to properties of the organic matrix of mineralization and recommend to
take it into account for the use of Mg/Ca as proxy of seawater Mg/Ca. Skeletal Sr/Ca ratio was mainly dependent on temperature
and growth rate, as usually observed in calcite skeletons. 相似文献