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921.
Fernanda F. Heleno Maria Eliana L. R. de Queiroz Antônio Augusto Neves Romenique S. Freitas Lêda Rita A. Faroni André Fernando De Oliveira 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(2):94-101
The effect of ozone fumigation on the reduction of difenoconazole residue on strawberries was studied. Strawberries were immersed in 1.0 L of aqueous solution containing 400 μL of the commercial product (250 g L?1 of difenoconazole) for 1 min. Then, they were dried and exposed to ozone gas (O3) at concentrations of 0.3, 0.6 and 0.8 mg L?1 for 1 h. The ozone fumigation treatments reduced the difenoconazole residue on strawberries to concentrations below 0.5 mg kg?1, which corresponds to a 95% reduction. The strawberries treated with ozone and the control group, which was not treated with ozone, were stored at 4°C for 10 days. Some characteristics of the fruit were monitored throughout this period. Among these, pH, weight loss and total color difference did not change significantly (P > 0.05). The fumigation with ozone significantly affected the soluble solids, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid content (vitamin C) of the strawberries preventing a sharp reduction of these parameters during storage. 相似文献
922.
Enrique González Ferradás Marta Doval Miñarro Isabel María Morales Terrés Francisco José Marzal Martínez 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(21-22):2640-2645
EC Directive 2008/50/CE on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe specifies the obligations of Member States regarding fixed measurements of atmospheric pollutants in areas where maximum concentration levels exceed the lower assessment threshold. However, indications as to the siting of atmospheric monitoring stations are less precise and sometimes confusing. Campaigns to measure benzene and other volatile organic compounds in Murcia in 2007 and 2008 revealed that the areas where measurements coincided with the mean concentration for the whole city were always practically the same. Consequently, we propose a method for siting atmospheric monitoring stations in cities for which emission sources remain steady throughout the year, as is the case for cities in most southern European countries, where the most important emission source is traffic. The method is particularly useful for towns in which only one fixed measuring point is compulsory and should help local authorities in making correct decisions in this context. 相似文献
923.
Albert de-Paz Jesús Marín-Solano Jorge Navas 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2013,18(2):171-184
Given a differential game, if agents have different time preference rates, cooperative (Pareto optimum) solutions obtained by applying Pontryagin’s maximum principle become time inconsistent. We derive a set of dynamic programming equations in continuous time whose solutions are time-consistent equilibria for problems in which agents differ in their utility functions and also in their time preference rates. The solution assumes cooperation between agents at every time. Since coalitions at different times have different time preferences, equilibrium policies are calculated by looking for Markov (subgame perfect) equilibria in a (noncooperative) sequential game. The results are applied to the study of a cake-eating problem describing the management of a common property exhaustible natural resource. The extension of the results to a simple common property renewable natural resource model in infinite horizon is also discussed. 相似文献
924.
An optimized approach for estimating benzene in ambient air within an air quality monitoring network
Benzene is a carcinogenic air pollutant for which European legislation has set an annual limit and criteria for the number of fixed monitoring sites within air quality networks(AQMN). However, due to the limited number of fixed sites for benzene measurement, exposure data are lacking. Considering the relationship between benzene levels and other variables monitored within an AQMN, such as NO2, O3, temperature, solar radiation, and accumulated precipitation, this study propo... 相似文献
925.
Guillermo Curado Alfredo E. Rubio-Casal Enrique Figueroa Brenda J. Grewell Jesús M. Castillo 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(10):8439-8449
Restoration of salt marshes is critical in the context of climate change and eutrophication of coastal waters because their vegetation and sediments may act as carbon and nitrogen sinks. Our primary objectives were to quantify carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks and sequestration rates in restored marshes dominated by Spartina maritima to provide support for restoration and management strategies that may offset negative aspects of eutrophication and climate change in estuarine ecosystems. Sediment C content was between ca. 13 mg C g?1and sediment N content was ca. 1.8 mg N g?1. The highest C content for S. maritima was recorded in leaves and stems (ca. 420 mg C g?1) and the lowest in roots (361?±?4 mg C g?1). S. maritima also concentrated more N in its leaves (31?±?1 mg N g?1) than in other organs. C stock in the restored marshes was 29.6 t C ha?1; ca. 16 % was stored in S. maritima tissues. N stock was 3.6 t N ha?1, with 8.3 % stored in S. maritima. Our results showed that the S. maritima restored marshes, 2.5 years after planting, were sequestering atmospheric C and, therefore, provide some mitigation for global warming. Stands are also capturing nitrogen and reducing eutrophication. The concentrations of C and N contents in sediments, and cordgrass relative cover of 62 %, and low below-ground biomass (BGB) suggest restored marshes can sequester more C and N. S. maritima plantations in low marshes replace bare sediments and invasive populations of exotic Spartina densiflora and increase the C and N sequestration capacity of the marsh by increasing biomass production and accumulation. 相似文献
926.
Lilian Rodrigues Rosa Souza Luiza Carolina Pomarolli Mrcia Andreia Mesquita Silva da Veiga 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(10):10205-10227
Soil pollution with toxic elements is a recurrent issue due to environmental disasters, fossil fuel burning, urbanization, and industrialization, which have contributed to soil contamination over the years. Therefore, the remediation of toxic metals in soil is always an important topic since contaminated soil can affect the environment, agricultural safety, and human health. Many remediation methods have been developed; however, it is essential to ensure that they are safe, and also take into account the limitation of each methodology (including high energy input and generation of residues). This scenario has motivated this review, where we explore soil contamination with arsenic, lead, mercury, and chromium and summarize information about the methods employed to remediate each of these toxic elements such as phytoremediation, soil washing, electrokinetic remediation, and nanoparticles besides elucidating some mechanisms involved in the remediation. Considering all the discussed techniques, nowadays, different techniques can be combined together in order to improve the efficiency of remediation besides the new approach of the techniques and the use of one technique for remediating more than one contaminant. 相似文献
927.
928.
Laura García-de la Fuente Arturo Colina Ana Colubi Gil González-Rodríguez 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2010,15(2):81-91
This work concerns the contingent valuation of endangered species. Specifically, it is devoted to quantify and model the value
of the brown bear and its habitat in a society in the north of Spain. A single-bound dichotomous choice format for the valuation
problem has been chosen. The main models to deal with this format will be recalled. In order to estimate the models, a multistage
random sampling method has been developed, namely, two stratified random samplings and a final random routes sampling were
carried out. The experiment was designed by taking into account the results of a pilot survey with open format questions.
In particular, the total sample size has been determined by estimating the distribution of the errors by bootstrap, and the
bid prices were fixed according to the pilot information. The results indicate that the target society gives more value to
the brown bear than the one considered in the law in force. 相似文献
929.
E. García-Luque E. González-Mazo P. Lara-Martín J. M. Forja A. Gómez-Parra 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2010,162(1-4):417-425
Aerobic biodegradation of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates (LAS) and sulfophenylcarboxylic acids (SPCs) in water, at different salinity values, has been studied. Three experiments have been carried out employing a staircase model system with continuous dosage of LAS to the system and using concentrations of LAS of the same order as those detected in littoral waters receiving urban wastewater discharges. LAS biodegradation was observed to be almost complete (showing a great extent), and in all cases exceeds 98.4%. At the very low concentration values of LAS utilized in the experiments, no significant variations in the biodegradation of LAS due to the effect of the different salinity values assayed were observed. The biodegradation intermediates detected for all the cases were sulfophenylcarboxylic acids with carboxylic chains of between five and 13 carbon atoms. The detection of C13-SPC (which is only produced by C13-LAS) confirms the existence of ω-oxidation. The total disappearance of SPCs in all cases indicates that mineralization of LAS at the concentrations tested was complete. 相似文献
930.
Darío A. Maggioni Marcelo L. Signorini Nicolás Michlig María R. Repetti Mirna E. Sigrist 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(10):639-651
ABSTRACTAn evaluation of acute dietary exposure to pesticide residues, applying deterministic and stochastic methods, was performed for a selected group of pesticides in two representative age groups from Argentina. Thus, 28 active ingredients (a.i.) and 75 food items were evaluated for the group of 2–5-year-old children, while 9 a.i. and 59 food items were considered for the 10–49-year-old women group. A deterministic assessment was conducting following the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Health Organization (WHO) procedure but using the national maximum residue limits (MRLs) as pesticide residue concentration data, while in the stochastic approach, a theoretical distribution modeled with the available information was used. Food consumption data were obtained from the 2004–2005 comprehensive national nutrition and health survey. The risk was estimated by comparing the short-term dietary exposure with the acute reference dose (ARfD) values for each pesticide-food combination evaluated. In the deterministic assessment, 173 (39.1%) and 40 (31.3%) combinations exceeded the ARfD thresholds for the 2–5-year-old children and 10–49-year-old women groups, respectively. This conservative study generated relevant information as a first stage of acute dietary risk assessment in Argentina. 相似文献