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101.
Perrodin Y Méhu J Grelier-Volatier L Charbonnierb P Baranger P Thoraval L 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2002,22(2):229-234
In 1997, the French Ministry of Environment launched studies aiming to define a specific regulation concerning inert waste disposal in order to limit potential impact of such facilities on the environment by fixing minimum requirements. A model (chemical model/hydrodynamic model) was developed to determine dumping conditions. This model was then applied on two defined scenarios (landfill surface, effective rainfalls...) in order to study the sulphate concentrations in aquifer system immediately downstream from the storage facility. Results allow us to determine in which conditions the sulphates concentrations are compatibles with the potentially drinkable character of the groundwater. They more specifically concern the nature of the waste disposed of, the efficient rainfalls and the landfill area. 相似文献
102.
Ian D. Leith Lucy J. Sheppard David Fowler J. Neil Cape Matt Jones Alan Crossley Ken J. Hargreaves Y. Sim Tang Mark Theobald Mark R. Sutton 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2005,4(6):207-218
Providing an accurate estimate of the dry component of N deposition to low N background, semi-natural habitats, such as bogs and upland moors dominated by Calluna vulgaris is difficult, but essential to relate nitrogen deposition to effects in these communities. To quantify the effects of NH3 inputs to moorland vegetation growing on a bog at a field scale, a field release NH3 fumigation system was established at Whim Moss (Scottish Borders) in 2002. Gaseous NH3 from a line source was released along of a 60 m transect, when meteorological conditions (wind speed >2.5 m s?1 and wind direction in the sector 180–215°) were met, thereby providing a profile of decreasing NH3 concentration with distance from the source. In a complementary study, using a NH3 flux chamber system, the relationships between NH3 concentrations and cuticular resistances were quantified for a range of NH3 concentrations and micrometeorological conditions for moorland vegetation. Cuticular resistances increased with NH3 concentration from 11 s m?1 at 3.0 μg m?3 to 30 s m?1 at 30 μg m?3. The NH3 concentration data and the concentration-dependent canopy resistance are used to calculate NH3 deposition taking into account leaf surface wetness. The implications of using an NH3 concentration-dependent cuticular resistance and the importance for refining critical loads are discussed. 相似文献
103.
Effects of the type of sintering atmosphere on the chromium leachability of thermal-treated municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
The sintering process offers an opportunity to combine detoxification and resource recovery for the treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerator fly ash. However, the chromium (Cr) in the sintered fly ash becomes more readily leachable with increasing sintering time and temperature, thus posing severe threats to the environment and human health when the sintered ash is recycled or reused. This study investigated the enhanced leachability of fly ash containing Cr, by heating the chromium (III) oxide (Cr2O3)-spiked fly ash to 800 degrees C in atmospheres containing air, nitrogen gas (N2), and 5% H2 + 95% N2, respectively. The results indicated that trivalent chromium was converted to its soluble hexavalent form during sintering in the air atmosphere; whereas sintering in a nitrogen atmosphere significantly reduced the leachability of Cr due to lack of oxygen (O2) to oxidize. The effects of the sintering temperature on the total chromium content and the leaching concentration in the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) extract are also discussed. 相似文献
104.
J. Y. Kim M.-C. Shin J.-R. Park K. Nam 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2003,5(1):0055-0062
The effect of the soil solids concentration in batch tests on the measured values of the partition coefficient (K
p) of organic pollutants in landfill liner-soil material was investigated. Since this study was based on the results of batch
and column tests conducted independently, there were limitations to the conclusions derived. The organic compounds tested
were benzene, methylene chloride, toluene, trichloroethylene, and p-xylene. The results of this study showed that as soil solids concentrations increased, the measured K
p values of these organic compounds strongly decreased. The observed values of K
p stabilized when the soil solids concentration was above a certain value. Typical K
p values obtained from batch tests conducted under high soil solids concentrations were close to those obtained from column
tests. It was concluded that the K
p values of organic compounds measured under low soil solids concentrations, i.e., less than 100 g/l, may not correctly simulate
the field situation. Consequently, the values of K
p obtained with low soil solids concentrations can result in an overestimation of the retardation factor of the landfill liner
material.
Received: March 14, 2002 / Accepted: August 25, 2002 相似文献
105.
106.
107.
Aphids have an extremely intimate relationship with their plant hosts. Although this might suggest that aphid infestation would be largely cryptic, there are a wide range of changes that can be detected behaviourally, chemically and also at the molecular genetic level. Colonisation by aphids can cause release of semiochemicals characteristic of the aphid species and besides reducing acceptability to incoming aphids; these can enable recruitment of specific parasitoids. Some semiochemicals involved in these processes can also influence the defence status of neighbouring intact plants through air or the rhizosphere. Electrophysiological and behavioural studies on the aphids, their parasitoids and other organisms facilitate the identification of compounds having direct effects on plant defence. New developments from work on semiochemicals such as (Z)-jasmone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, and allelobiotic agents such as 6-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one, as well as new work on these compounds and others as potential phytopheromones are discussed. 相似文献
108.
Summary. In a local population of Ostrinia zaguliaevi Mutuura & Munroe (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), extensive variation was found in the blend ratio of three sex pheromone components,
(Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:OAc, 10.2-63.8%), (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc, 32.2-86.8%), and (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:OAc, 2.1-11.9%). The variation was observed over a three-year period (2002-2004). Mother-daughter
regression analyses have shown that although the heritability of the minor component E11-14:OAc was not significant, the heritability
of the proportions of Z9-14:OAc and Z11-14:OAc were substantial (0.5–0.6). In artificial selection experiments, the mean % Z9-14:OAc in the sex pheromone changed significantly within three generations (37% in the control line, 48 and 52% for two
lines selected for increase, and 23 and 30% for two lines selected for decrease). Despite these changes, the amounts of fatty
acyl pheromone precursors, (Z)-9-, (Z)-11- and (E)-11-tetradecenoate, in the pheromone gland were not significantly affected by the selection. Taken together, variation in
the pheromone blend of O. zaguliaevi is likely to be attributable to a few genes involved in the reduction or acetylation of fatty acyl pheromone precursors,
the last two steps in pheromone biosynthesis. 相似文献
109.
110.
Kijune Sung Jaisoo Kim C.L. Munster M. Yavuz Corapcioglu Soyoung Park M.C. Drew Y.Y. Chang 《Ecological modelling》2006,190(3-4):277-286
Microorganisms make an important contribution to the degradation of contaminants in bioremediation as well as in phytoremediation. An accurate estimation of microbial concentrations in the soil would be valuable in predicting contaminant dissipation during various bioremediation processes. A simple modeling approach to quantify the microbial biomass in the rhizosphere was developed in this study. Experiments were conducted using field column lysimeters planted with Eastern gamagrass. The microbial biomass concentrations from the rhizosphere soil, bulk soil, and unplanted soil were monitored for six months using an incubation–fumigation method. The proposed model was applied to the field microbial biomass data and good correlation between simulated and experimental data was achieved. The results indicate that plants increase microbial concentrations in the soil by providing root exudates as growth substrates for microorganisms. Since plant roots are initially small and do not produce large quantities of exudates when first seeded, the addition of exogenous substrates may be needed to increase initial microbial concentrations at the start of phytoremediation projects. 相似文献