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81.
82.
Single-stage versus two-stage models to estimate creatinine corrected urinary analyte concentrations
Ram B. Jain 《毒物与环境化学》2017,99(4):710-729
The ability to detect 'known' differences in urinary analyte concentrations due to gender, age, and race/ethnicity when adjusted for similar differences in urinary creatinine concentrations were evaluated by a single-stage and a two-stage model by ten simulation studies. Log10 transformed values of observed urinary analyte concentration were used as the dependent variable and age, gender, and race/ethnicity were used as the categorical independent variables. In addition, while single-stage model used log10 transformed values of urinary creatinine as a covariate, two-stage model used a correction factor (CF) determined during the first stage of the model by fitting a secondary model for urinary creatinine. Single-stage model was almost always able to statistically significantly detect 'known' differences due to age, gender, and race/ethnicity. On the other hand, two-stage model was able to statistically significantly detect 'known' differences due to age, gender, and race/ethnicity a maximum of 87.2% of the times and as low as 10.6% of the times primarily because of the presence of multicollinearity between CF and urinary creatinine concentrations. Consequently, as long as the sole objective is to estimate the urinary analyte concentrations adjusted for the effect of all factors including urinary creatinine, single-stage models are the models of choice. 相似文献
83.
Yong-Chul Jang Pradeep Jain Thabet Tolaymat Brajesh Dubey Timothy Townsend 《Journal of environmental management》2009,90(2):320-327
Disposal and beneficial-use options for street sweeping residuals collected as part of routine roadway maintenance activities in Florida, USA, were assessed by characterizing approximately 200 samples collected from 20 municipalities. Total concentrations (mg/kg or μg/kg) and leachable concentrations (mg/L or μg/L) of 11 metals and a number of organic pollutant groups (volatile organics, semi-volatile organics, pesticides, herbicides, carbamates) in the samples were measured. The synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) was performed to evaluate the leachability of the pollutants. From the total metal analysis, several metals (e.g., arsenic, barium, chromium, copper, nickel, lead, and zinc) were commonly found above their detection limits. Zinc was found to have the highest mean concentration of all metals measured (46.7 mg/kg), followed by copper (10.7 mg/kg) and barium (10.5 mg/kg). The metal with the smallest mean concentration was arsenic (0.48 mg/kg). A small fraction of the total arsenic, barium, lead, and zinc leached in some samples using the SPLP; leached concentrations were relatively low. A few organic compounds (e.g., 4,4′-DDT, endrin, and endosulfan II) were detected in a limited number of samples. When the total and leaching results were compared to risk-based Florida soil cleanup target levels and groundwater cleanup target levels, the street sweepings were not found to pose a significant human-health risk via direct exposure or groundwater contamination. 相似文献
84.
Rahul Jain Makkhan Lal Meena Manoj Kumar Sain Govind Sharan Dangayach 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2019,25(2):194-199
Purpose. In ergonomics and human factors investigations, pulling force (PF) estimation has usually been achieved using various types of biomechanical models, and independent approximation of PF was done with the help of upper extremity joints. Recently, multiple regression methods have gained importance for task-relevant inputs in predicting PF. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) also play a vital role in fitting the data; however, their use in work-related biomechanics and ergonomics is inadequate. Therefore, the current research aimed to accomplish comparative investigation of ANN and regression models by assessing their capacity to predict PF values. Methods. Multipositional PF data were acquired from 200 subjects at three different handle heights and body locations. ANN and regression models were formed using a random sample of three subsets (75% training, 15% selection, 10% validation) for proving the outcomes. Results. The comparison of ANN and regression models shows that the predictions of ANN models had a profoundly explained variance and lower root mean square difference values for the PF data at three handle heights. Conclusions. These outcomes advise that ANNs offer a precise and robust substitute for regression methods, and should be considered a useful method in biomechanics and ergonomics task assessments. 相似文献
85.
Conventional wisdom has advocated environmental auditing as a prudent part of an internal control program and one of the key tools in driving proactive efforts. As a part of risk management activities, it is often employed to protect an organization and its employees and officers from liability. Conscientious use of such audits has undoubtedly protected human health and the environment. Ironically, those who make the most consistent efforts to audit compliance and management systems, according to advocates of audit protection, may be the most vulnerable to enforcement actions and lawsuits. In this, the second part of a two-part article, we turn our attention to the likely solutions for audit protection in the current context. 相似文献
86.
Häring Ivo Fehling-Kaschek Mirjam Miller Natalie Faist Katja Ganter Sebastian Srivastava Kushal Jain Aishvarya Kumar Fischer Georg Fischer Kai Finger Jörg Stolz Alexander Leismann Tobias Hiermaier Stefan Carli Marco Battisti Federica Makri Rodoula Celozzi Giuseppe Belesioti Maria Sfakianakis Evangelos Agrafioti Evita Chalkidou Anastasia Papadakis George Fuggini Clemente Bolletta Fabio Neri Alberto Giunta Guiseppe Scheithauer Hermann Höflinger Fabian Schott Dominik J. Schindelhauer Christian Köhler Sven Linkov Igor 《The Environmentalist》2021,41(2):286-329
Environment Systems and Decisions - Organizational and technical approaches have proven successful in increasing the performance and preventing risks at socio-technical systems at all scales.... 相似文献
87.
88.
Kalra Sunishtha Banderwal Rittu Arora Kaushal Kumar Sandeep Singh Govind Chawla Pooja A. Behl Tapan Sehgal Aayush Singh Sukhbir Bhatia Saurabh Al-Harrasi Ahmed Aleya Lotfi Dhiman Anju 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(12):16786-16798
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a neurological disorder which represents a major health issue worldwide. It causes mortality and disability among all... 相似文献
89.
Rohan Jain Domician Dominic Norbert Jordan Eldon R. Rene Stephan Weiss Eric D. van Hullebusch René Hübner Piet N. L. Lens 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2016,14(3):381-386
Cadmium (Cd) is a carcinogenic metal contaminating the environment and ending up in wastewaters. There is therefore a need for improved methods to remove Cd by adsorption. Biogenic elemental selenium nanoparticles have been shown to adsorb Zn, Cu and Hg, but these nanoparticles have not been tested for Cd removal. Here we studied the time-dependency and adsorption isotherm of Cd onto biogenic elemental selenium nanoparticles using batch adsorption experiments. We measured ζ-potential values to assess the stability of nanoparticles loaded with Cd. Results show that the maximum Cd adsorption capacity amounts to 176.8 mg of Cd adsorbed per g of biogenic elemental selenium nanoparticles. The ζ-potential of Cd-loaded nanoparticles became less negative from ?32.7 to ?11.7 mV when exposing nanoparticles to an initial Cd concentration of 92.7 mg L?1. This is the first study that demonstrates the high Cd uptake capacity of biogenic elemental selenium nanoparticles, of 176.8 mg g?1, when compared to that of traditional adsorbents such as carboxyl-functionalized activated carbon, of 13.5 mg g?1. An additional benefit is the easy solid–liquid separation by gravity settling due to coagulation of Cd-loaded biogenic elemental selenium nanoparticles. 相似文献
90.
Ram B. Jain 《毒物与环境化学》2018,100(1):115-133
Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for children aged 6–11 years for 1999–2014 were used to study time trends and factors affecting the urinary levels of barium, cobalt, cesium, molybdenum, lead, antimony, thallium, and tungsten. Adjusted levels in urine declined every two years by 5.9% for barium, by 1.2% for cesium, by 18.2% for lead, and by 14% for antimony. For every additional smoker smoking inside a home, the levels of barium increased by 10.6% and for lead by 10%, but for tungsten levels decreased by 7.7%. 相似文献