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21.
Muhammad Furqan Akhtar Muhammad Ashraf Aqeel Javeed Aftab Ahmad Anjum Ali Sharif Mohammad Saleem Ghulam Mustafa Moneeb Ashraf Ammara Saleem Bushra Akhtar 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(3):179
Complex industrial discharges pose certain risks to the ecosystem. This study was aimed at identifying acute and sub-chronic toxicological effects of the textile industry wastewater. The textile wastewater was evaluated for the metals and organic pollutants by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and GC-MS respectively. In vitro genotoxicity and mutagenicity were assessed by Comet assay in peripheral lymphocytes isolated from Ovis aries and Ames test in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA-100 and 102 respectively. Physiological and behavioral changes along with systemic toxicity were determined in Rattus norvegicus albinus following acute and sub-chronic exposure. High amount of heavy metals such as Cr, Pb, Hg, As, and Cd were detected in textile wastewater. Organic pollutants such as 25-deacetoxy cucurbitacin-b, E-14-Hexadecenal, 11-Tricosene, and phthalates were also found. In vitro genotoxicity assessment in lymphocytes showed statistically significant DNA damaging potential of textile wastewater. Textile wastewater also showed significantly higher (p? 0.05) mutagenic potential in Salmonella TA-100 and TA-102 strains than sodium azide and 2-amino anthracycline. Acute exposure of textile wastewater to Rattus norvegicus was associated with several physiological changes and behavioral symptoms. Sub-chronic exposure of textile wastewater in Rattus norvegicus instigated the degeneration and necrosis of epithelial cells in renal tubules, hydropic degeneration and necrosis of hepatocytes, peri-bronchiolar infiltration and emphysema of the alveoli, and the degradation of myocardial cells. This study concludes that the textile wastewater may cause genotoxicity and mutagenicity, result in physiological and behavioral changes upon acute exposure, and inflict various pathological lesions upon sub-chronic exposure. 相似文献
22.
Anjum NA Ahmad I Válega M Pacheco M Figueira E Duarte AC Pereira E 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,19(7):2879-2888
Introduction and aims
The dominance of a plant species in highly metal-contaminated areas reflects its tolerance or adaptability potential to these scenarios. Hence, plants with high adaptability and/or tolerance to exceptionally high metal-contaminated scenarios may help protect environmental degradation. The present study aimed to assess the strategies adopted by common reed, Phragmites australis for its dominance in highly mercury-contaminated Ria de Aveiro coastal lagoon (Portugal).Materials and methods
Both plant samples and the sediments vegetated by monospecific stand of Phragmites australis were collected in five replicates from mercury-free (reference) and contaminated sites during low tide between March 2006 and January 2007. The sediments?? physico-chemical traits, plant dry mass, uptake, partitioning, and transfer of mercury were evaluated during growing season (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) of P. australis. Redox potential and pH of the sediment around roots were measured in situ using a WTW-pH 330i meter. Dried sediments were incinerated for 4?h at 500??C for the estimation of organic matter whereas plant samples were oven-dried at 60??C till constant weight for plant dry mass determination. Mercury concentrations in sediments and plant parts were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with thermal decomposition, using an advanced mercury analyzer (LECO 254) and maintaining the accuracy and precision of the analytical methodologies. In addition, mercury bioaccumulation and translocation factors were also determined to differentiate the accumulation of mercury and its subsequent translocation to plant parts in P. australis.Results and conclusions
P. australis root exhibited the highest mercury accumulation followed by rhizome and leaves during the reproductive phase (autumn). During the same phase, P. australis exhibited ??5 times less mercury-translocation factor (0.03 in leaf) when compared with the highest mercury bioaccumulation factor for root (0.14). Moreover, seasonal variations differentially impacted the studied parameters. P. australis?? extraordinary ability to (a) pool the maximum mercury in its roots and rhizomes, (b) protect its leaf against mercury toxicity by adopting the mercury exclusion, and (c) adjust the rhizosphere-sediment environment during the seasonal changes significantly helps to withstand the highly mercury-contaminated Ria de Aveiro lagoon. The current study implies that P. australis has enough potential to be used for mercury stabilization and restoration of sediments/soils rich in mercury as well. 相似文献23.
FOZIA Andalee MUHAMMAD Anjum Zi MUHAMMAD Ashraf ZAFAR Mahmood Khalid 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2008,20(12):1475-1480
Heavy metal soil pollution takes place when the metal concentration of soil exceeds natural background level and causes ecological destruction and deterioration of the environment.In the present study,a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of chromium-contaminated soil in sunflower(Helianthus annuus L.)growth attributes.Three different levels of chromium(Cr)i.e.,20, 40,and 60 mg/kg were applied to three varieties of sunflower(G-3,G-9,and G-59).The results of morphological,chemical,and yield p... 相似文献
24.
Several factors influence air pollution, but effect of land uses is pivotal and has direct consequences on growth and development of a city. In order to assess consequent effects of land uses on air pollution, it is important to transform a set of variables into significant components by using principal component analysis. These components help to develop an effective model between air pollution and land uses by application of regression analysis. Lahore, titled as “Paris of the East,” has some featured commonalities with Paris and was jointly selected for research to adopt common policies and measures to combat air pollution. A two-step cluster analysis has been applied to testify resemblance of Paris to towns of Lahore as a cluster. This paper is trying to develop a calibrated model which helps to estimate about air pollution at a significant level with only one independent variable. Furthermore, it helps to control air pollution through sensitization of land uses in Lahore. 相似文献
25.
Hussain Sajjad Hassan Ahmad Arshad Pakiza Anjum Muhammad Akbar 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(24):35986-35995
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Guava is a highly nutritious fruit and widely grown in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Guava orchards are frequently irrigated with... 相似文献
26.
Naser A. Anjum Pallavi Sharma Sarvajeet S. Gill Mirza Hasanuzzaman Ekhlaque A. Khan Kiran Kachhap Amal A. Mohamed Palaniswamy Thangavel Gurumayum Devmanjuri Devi Palanisamy Vasudhevan Adriano Sofo Nafees A. Khan Amarendra Narayan Misra Alexander S. Lukatkin Harminder Pal Singh Eduarda Pereira Narendra Tuteja 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(19):19002-19029
Plants have to counteract unavoidable stress-caused anomalies such as oxidative stress to sustain their lives and serve heterotrophic organisms including humans. Among major enzymatic antioxidants, catalase (CAT; EC 1.11.1.6) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11) are representative heme enzymes meant for metabolizing stress-provoked reactive oxygen species (ROS; such as H2O2) and controlling their potential impacts on cellular metabolism and functions. CAT mainly occurs in peroxisomes and catalyzes the dismutation reaction without requiring any reductant; whereas, APX has a higher affinity for H2O2 and utilizes ascorbate (AsA) as specific electron donor for the reduction of H2O2 into H2O in organelles including chloroplasts, cytosol, mitochondria, and peroxisomes. Literature is extensive on the glutathione-associated H2O2-metabolizing systems in plants. However, discussion is meager or scattered in the literature available on the biochemical and genomic characterization as well as techniques for the assays of CAT and APX and their modulation in plants under abiotic stresses. This paper aims (a) to introduce oxidative stress-causative factors and highlights their relationship with abiotic stresses in plants; (b) to overview structure, occurrence, and significance of CAT and APX in plants; (c) to summarize the principles of current technologies used to assay CAT and APX in plants; (d) to appraise available literature on the modulation of CAT and APX in plants under major abiotic stresses; and finally, (e) to consider a brief cross-talk on the CAT and APX, and this also highlights the aspects unexplored so far. 相似文献
27.
Effects of fertilization on phosphorus distribution in water-stable aggregates of soils with different properties 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Aggregation in agricultural soils is considered as an important physical process affected by fertilizers or manure addition. Therefore, the effects of two fertilizers, mineral and manure were assessed using three soils and correlate the soil properties on phosphorus distribution in water-stable aggregate (WSA). Application of manure increased the proportion of WSA (>5 mm) in all soil types, and mineral fertilizer (MF) slightly increased the proportion of microaggregates in entisols and isohumosols. Both fertilizers increased total phosphorus in all WSA sizes, and the highest values were observed in those of ferrosols and isohumosols. In entisols, the highest total phosphorus value was found in microaggregates in water-soluble form. Manure enhanced the organic phosphorus in all soil types, and MF resulted in enrichment of organic phosphorus in WSA (<2 mm) of entisols. 相似文献
28.
The capacity of a full-scale reclamation pond-constructed wetland (CW) system to eliminate 27 emerging contaminants (i.e. pharmaceuticals, sunscreen compounds, fragrances, antiseptics, fire retardants, pesticides, and plasticizers) and the seasonal occurrence of these contaminants is studied. The compounds with the highest concentrations in the secondary effluent are diclofenac, caffeine, ketoprofen, and carbamazepine. The results show that the constructed wetland (61%) removes emerging contaminants significantly more efficiently than the pond (51%), presumably due to the presence of plants (Phragmites and Thypa) as well as the higher hydraulic residence time (HRT) in the CW. A greater seasonal trend to the efficient removal of these compounds is observed in the pond than in the CW. The overall mass removal efficiency of each individual compound ranged from 27% to 93% (71% on average), which is comparable to reported data in advanced treatments (photo-fenton and membrane filtration). The seasonal average content of emerging contaminants in the river water (2488 ng L−1) next to the water reclamation plant is found to be higher than the content in the final reclaimed water (1490 ng L−1), suggesting that the chemical quality of the reclaimed water is better than available surface waters. 相似文献
29.
In the industrial area of Chinhat, Lucknow (India) wastewater coming from pesticide manufacturing and other industries is
used to irrigate the agricultural crops. This practice has been polluting the soil and pollutants might reach the food chain.
Gas chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of certain organochlorine pesticides in soil samples. Samples were extracted
using different solvents, i.e., hexane, acetonitrile, methanol, chloroform, and acetone (all were HPLC-grade, SRL, India).
Soil extracts were assayed for mutagenicity using Ames Salmonella/mammalian microsome test. Mutagenicity was observed in the test samples and TA98 was the most responsive strain for all the
soil extracts (irrigated with wastewater) in terms of mutagenic index in the presence (+S9) and absence (−S9) of metabolic
activation. In terms of slope (m) of linear dose–response curve for the most responsive strain TA98 exhibited highest sensitivity
against the soil extracts in the presence and absence of S9 fraction. Hexane-extracted soil sample (wastewater) exhibited
maximum mutagenicity in terms of net revertants per gram of soil in the presence and absence of S9 mix as compared to the
other soil extracts. Groundwater-irrigated soil extracts displayed low level of mutagenicity as compared to wastewater-irrigated
soil. The soil is accumulating a large number of pollutants due to wastewater irrigation and this practice of accumulation
has an adverse impact on soil health. 相似文献
30.
Bherwani Hemant Anjum Saima Gupta Ankit Singh Anju Kumar Rakesh 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(11):15857-15880
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Local climate in an area is significantly affected by the extent of urbanization. The microclimatic parameters such as wind speed (W), relative... 相似文献