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691.
This paper explores the opportunities for and the benefits of considering gender in municipal waste management (MWM) policy. Two case studies in Ireland and the UK are presented. These show that the structural mechanisms for achieving a more consistent and coherent approach to ensuring that MWM policy is sensitive to gender differences and inequalities are still weak. They also show that political structures and champions for gender equality and equal opportunities make a difference to the way in which women are involved and considered in MWM policy making. The research is set within the broader context of environmental justice which, to date, has been more concerned with race, ethnicity and wealth inequalities than with gender inequalities. 相似文献
692.
693.
Sandra?BrucetEmail author Dani?Boix Rocìo?López-Flores Anna?Badosa Xavier?D.?Quintana 《Marine Biology》2005,148(1):131-139
Changes in amino acid composition (AAC) during ontogeny of some planktonic crustacean species commonly found in fresh and brackish coastal waters were compared. For these comparisons two calanoid copepods (Eurytemora velox and Calanipeda aquae-dulcis), two cyclopoid copepods (Diacyclops bicuspidatus odessanus and Acanthocyclops robustus) and two Daphnia (Daphnia pulicaria and Daphnia magna) species were selected. A discriminant analysis was performed to determine whether there were significant differences between the AAC of the different stages of each species. Results show gradual changes in AAC during ontogeny of the copepod species. Calanoids showed the greatest differences in AAC between stages, followed by cyclopoids. Gradual changes in AAC were due to the increase in some amino acids such as alanine, valine, glutamic acid, glycine, arginine, proline and tyrosine from nauplii to adults. The latter showed a remarkable increase in all copepod species. In contrast, Daphnia species showed a relatively constant AAC during development, with only minor changes being detected, and not related with ontogeny. Differences in the physico-chemical variables of the lagoons do not seem to be the cause of copepod ontogenic changes in AAC. Data suggest that AAC differences found between stages of copepod species could indicate a gradual change in diet during the life cycle of these copepods. 相似文献
694.
Evolutionary divergence among lineages of the ocean sunfish family,Molidae (Tetraodontiformes) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anna?L.?Bass Heidi?Dewar Tierney?Thys J.?Todd.?Streelman Stephen?A.?KarlEmail author 《Marine Biology》2005,148(2):405-414
Ocean sunfish, family Molidae, are enigmatic members of the epipelagic fauna of all tropical and temperate oceans. A study, begun in 1998, initially focused on the population genetics of Mola mola Linnaeus 1758 immediately indicated high levels of genetic divergence in the d-loop and cytochrome b mitochondrial genes. This preliminary effort was expanded to include Masturus lanceolatus Liénard 1840, Ranzania laevis Pennant 1776, and representative sequences of other Tetraodontiformes. Analysis of the sequence data confirms that there are two species in the genus Mola, Mola mola and M. ramsayi Giglioli 1883, with the latter presumed to be limited to the southern hemisphere. There is an indication of inter-ocean subdivision within both species originating 0.05–0.32 and 1.55–4.10 million years ago, respectively. Given limited sample sizes, however, the divergence estimates are minimums and the isolating mechanisms remain speculative. The systematic analysis provided strong support for the sister taxa relationship between genera Masturus and Mola and the basal position of the genus Ranzania within the family, as well as the sister group relationship of the Tetraodontiform families Tetraodontidae + Diodontidae to the Molidae. 相似文献
695.
696.
Piccardo MT Pala M Bonaccurso B Stella A Redaelli A Paola G Valerio F 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2005,133(2):293-301
Nine polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analysed in pine needles of different ages (from 6 to 30 months) collected from two species, Pinus nigra and Pinus pinaster, in seven sites located along a transect from a suburban to a rural area of Genoa (Italy). In all sites and for both species, concentrations of more volatile PAHs (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene) were higher than those for other less volatile PAHs, which are preferentially sorbed to airborne particulates (benzo[a]anthracene, chrysene, benzofluoranthenes, benzo[a]pyrene). Concentrations of total PAHs found in P. nigra in the rural sites were, on the average, 2.3 times higher than those in P. pinaster growing nearby. In both pine species, concentrations of volatile PAHs increased according to needle age. Annual trends of other PAHs were more variable, with a general decrease in older needles. P. pinaster needles are shown to be more reliable passive samplers, since they are more resistant to plant diseases, and considerable variation in PAH concentration was observed in P. nigra needles with moulds and fungi. 相似文献
697.
Maie Bachmann Hiie Hinrikus Kaire Aadamsoo Ülle Võhma Jaanus Lass Jekaterina Rubljova Anna Suhhova Viiu Tuulik 《The Environmentalist》2007,27(4):505-510
This study was aimed to evaluate differences in the effect of microwave exposure on patients with depressive disorder and
healthy subjects. Our experiments were carried out on a group of depressive patients (women, 18 subjects) and comparison group
of healthy volunteers (women, 18 subjects) exposed during 30 min to 450 MHz microwave radiation modulated at 1,000 Hz frequency.
The field power density at the scalp was 0.9 mW/cm2. As a subjective criteria of microwave effect, the Brief Affect Scale (BAS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before and after
each exposure procedure were used. The analysis of EEG was performed and ratio of the EEG beta and theta power was selected
as a measure for evaluation of the microwave effect. The BAS and VAS revealed rather improvement in subjective mood score
after exposure for majority of depressive subjects (11) and no changes for others (7). The EEG analysis detected differences
between calculated parameters for exposed and sham recordings in depression as well as healthy group. Statistically significant
changes were introduced by microwave for five patients with depressive disorder and for one healthy subject. The rate of subjects
affected by microwave in depression group (28%) was five times higher compared to that rate in healthy group (5.6%). 相似文献
698.
Anna C. Hurlimann 《The Environmentalist》2007,27(1):83-94
The emergence of a global water crisis has seen the necessity for a sustainable approach to water management. Policies directed
towards water recycling have been implemented in many regions of the world. In Australia, prolonged drought conditions in
most major cities during the past decade have led to serious national calls for less drinking water to be used (Prime Minister’s
Science Engineering and Innovation Council, 2003), and a strategic policy response from many State Governments, including
bold targets for water recycling. A key consideration to the realisation of these policies is greater understanding of community
attitudes to recycled water use, without which, a number of recycled water projects have failed (Hurlimann and McKay, 2004).
Despite the critical nature of community attitudes, little research has been conducted, especially in relation to perception
of risk, which has been found to be critical in the adoption of new technologies (Cvetkovich and Lofstedt, 1999). This paper
investigates an urban Australian community’s perception of risk involved with using recycled water. Key findings include:
perception of risk increased as the use of recycled water became increasingly personal. Perception of risk was significantly
negatively related to trust, perception of fairness and information. Trust in the Water Authority to manage risk was significantly
related to perception of trust, communication and integrity of the Authority. 相似文献
699.
Thomas H Christensen Gurbakhash Bhander Hanna Lindvall Anna W Larsen Thilde Fruergaard Anders Damgaard Simone Manfredi Alessio Boldrin Christian Riber Michael Hauschild 《Waste management & research》2007,25(3):257-262
Life-cycle assessment (LCA) models are becoming the principal decision support tools of waste management systems. This paper describes our experience with the use of EASEWASTE (Environmental Assessment of Solid Waste Systems and Technologies), a new computerized LCA-based model for integrated waste management. Our findings provide a quantitative understanding of waste management systems and may reveal consistent approaches to improve their environmental performances. EASEWASTE provides a versatile system modelling facility combined with a complete life-cycle impact assessment and in addition to the traditional impact categories addresses toxicity-related categories. New categories dealing with stored ecotoxicity and spoiled groundwater resources have been introduced. EASEWASTE has been applied in several studies, including full-scale assessments of waste management in Danish municipalities. These studies led to numerous modelling issues: the need of combining process-specific and input-specific emissions, the choice of a meaningful time horizon, the way of accounting for biological carbon emissions, the problem of stored ecotoxicity and aspects of crediting the waste management system with the savings inherent in avoided production of energy and materials. Interpretation of results showed that waste management systems can be designed in an environmentally sustainable manner where energy recovery processes lead to substantial avoidance of emissions and savings of resources. 相似文献
700.
Anna Kaczmarska Anna ?uczak 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2007,13(2):117-125
This article presents the results of an analysis of annoyance caused by low-frequency noise (including infrasonic noise) that occurs at work stations located in offices. The tests covered measurements of acoustic parameters specific for this type of noise and a survey conducted in the working environment and in laboratory conditions at a model of a work station. 相似文献