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191.
Anna J 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2005,34(7):476-482
引言
瑞典水管理研究计划(VASTRA)第二阶段的工作重点在于分析水体富养化问题以及瑞典水资源有效、可持续管理的可行性及不足之处.本项目由瑞典环境战略研究基金会(MISTRA)资助.本研究围绕以下三个方向进行: 相似文献
192.
Granero AM Sanz JM Gonzalez FJ Vidal JL Dornhaus A Ghani J Serrano AR Chittka L 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2005,92(8):371-374
When the frenzied and irregular food-recruitment dances of bumblebees were first discovered, it was thought that they might
represent an evolutionary prototype to the honeybee waggle dance. It later emerged that the primary function of the bumblebee
dance was the distribution of an alerting pheromone. Here, we identify the chemical compounds of the bumblebee recruitment
pheromone and their behaviour effects. The presence of two monoterpenes and one sesquiterpene (eucalyptol, ocimene and farnesol)
in the nest airspace and in the tergal glands increases strongly during foraging. Of these, eucalyptol has the strongest recruitment
effect when a bee nest is experimentally exposed to it. Since honeybees use terpenes for marking food sources rather than
recruiting foragers inside the nest, this suggests independent evolutionary roots of food recruitment in these two groups
of bees. 相似文献
193.
Françoise Serville Paule Benit Pascale Saugier Mireille Vibert Ghislaine Royer Anna Pelet Michèle Chery Arnold Munnich Stanislas Lyonnet 《黑龙江环境通报》1993,13(6):435-439
X-linked hydrocephalus-stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius sequence (H-SAS, MIM number 307 000) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by hydrocephalus, macrocephaly, adducted thumbs, spasticity, mental retardation, and cerebral malformations. This regularly lethal condition is usually diagnosed at birth or prenatally by ultrasound, but hydrocephalus may be moderate or even undetectable on fetal ultrasound examination. Moreover, since heterozygous women are asymptomatic, carrier detection is at present impossible before the birth of an affected son. Therefore, mapping the H-SAS locus to distal Xq (Xq28) was of primary importance for genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis. Here, we report prenatal exclusion of H-SAS with a probability of 97.6 per cent in two male fetuses with a 50 per cent a priori risk of being affected using closely linked Xq28 DNA markers. 相似文献
194.
195.
FADs are fish aggregating devices applied worldwide over the centuries to increase fish catch. However, the utilisation of
such floating devices can influence dispersion patterns of some fish species. At present it is still not clear if FADs play
a role in the shoreward migrations of juvenile fish of reef associated species, such as the greater amberjack Seriola dumerili. In this study, we hypothesised that FADs located along a distance gradient from the shore might lead the greater amberjack
inshore. In such case, mean abundance of S. dumerili should decrease over time in offshore FADs and increase in inshore FADs. To test the hypothesis three FAD systems were positioned
in the Gulf of Castellammare (Sicily, Italy), between July and September 2001, at increasing distances from the coast. During
the study period, five visual censuses were carried out within FADs fields. During the first sampling period, no significant
difference in abundance and size of juvenile S. dumerili was found between the three FAD systems. All the other sampling periods reported higher abundances and sizes in the offshore
FADs than in the two inshore FADs. The findings suggest that FAD systems might be exerting two different effects on young
of the year (YOY) S. dumerili distribution: (a) offshore FADs tend to retain associated fish for longer periods of time, (b) coastal FADs favour the transition
of YOY S. dumerili from the pelagic to the benthic domain. 相似文献
196.
The environmental occurrence of hexabromocyclododecane in Sweden 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The brominated flame retardant hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is extensively used in Europe, but data on the environmental concentrations of this chemical are scarce. A first screening has been performed concerning the environmental occurrence of HBCD in Sweden, a country where the chemical is not produced and the current industrial use is very limited. Possible emission sources were identified through a systematic analysis of the use in a life cycle perspective. In addition to a few point sources, diffuse emissions from polymeric products are possible. Measurements have been performed close to certain possible point sources, in the urban environment and in remote regions, and included air, deposition, water, soil, sediments, sludge, biota and foodstuffs. HBCD was detected in all media analysed and in all environments. The relatively high concentrations detected in herring and foodstuffs provide evidence for bioaccumulation of HBCD. The presence of HBCD in remote background air implies that HBCD has potential for long-range atmospheric transport. There are also some indications that diffuse emissions of HBCD occur in the urban environment. 相似文献
197.
Franklin AC Salmon LG Wolfson JM Christoforou CS 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2004,54(10):1312-1320
Passive samplers with two different collection substrates were used to obtain an average ozone concentration for 1 month during the summer of 2002 for each South Carolina county. One sampler contained a filter coated with indigo carmine, whose color fades when exposed to ozone. The fading was measured by reflectance spectroscopy. The other sampler contained filters that were coated with nitrite, which is oxidized to nitrate when exposed to ozone. The nitrate was measured by ion chromatography. Calibration curves were developed for the two methods by comparing color fading from indigo carmine and nitrate ion concentration from the nitrite filter with ambient ozone concentration measured by a co-located reference continuous UV ozone analyzer. These curves were used to calculate integrated ozone concentrations for samplers distributed across South Carolina. Using the indigo carmine method, the average ozone concentrations ranged from 21 to 64 ppb (average = 46 +/- 7.9 ppb, n = 58) across the 46 counties in the state during one summer month of 2002. Concentrations for the same time period from the nitrite-coated filters ranged from 23 to 62 ppb (average = 41 +/- 8.1 ppb, n = 58). Also for the same time period, the 23 continuous UV photometric ozone monitors operated by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control at sites within 10 miles of some of the passive monitors showed ozone concentrations ranging from 28 to 50 ppb (average = 39 +/- 6.3 ppb, n = 22). 相似文献
198.
Cristiana Sacco Anna Maria Pizzo Emilia Tiscione Daniela Burrini Luca Messeri Luciano Lepri Massimo Del Bubba 《Water environment research》2006,78(7):754-763
The removal of the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100, dosed at 30 and 300 mg/L in a pilot-scale subsurface horizontal flow reed bed, and the aerobic heterotrophic cultivable community associated with the roots and with the substrate gravel in both absence and presence of Triton X-100 were investigated. t-Octylphenol (OP) and its mono-, di- and tri-ethoxyl derivatives, among others, were found in the outlet. A mass balance allowed us to calculate that approximately 40% of the Triton X-100 metabolites OP and octylphenol polyethoxylate derivatives flowed out of the reed bed during the dosage and postdosage experiments. More aerobic heterotrophic microorganisms adhered to the roots than to the gravel. The appearance of new strains (Aeromonas, Flavobacterium, and Aquaspirillum) and the increased presence of others (Pseudomonas) during the dosage of Triton may be linked to the capacity of these bacteria to adapt to the presence of the surfactant or to use it as a nourishment. 相似文献
199.
Mountainous vegetation in general, and especially in subpolar regions, is sensitive, compared to vegetation in lowland areas, as mountainous vegetation has low resilience and low productivity. Mountainous areas have been perceived as being sensitive to mechanical damage. Quick methods with a high degree of accuracy are needed for the monitoring of mountainous areas and for planning the sustainable use of resources. The aim was i) to investigate if the dry dwarf shrub heath on hummocky moraine in the southern part of the mountains with a maritime climate and in open areas used for summer grazing, is susceptible to change; and ii) to test if high-resolution IKONOS-2 satellite data can, with a high degree of accuracy, be used for detection, and for quantification and mapping of erosion patches in montane vegetation. In which case, these data can substitute color infrared aerial photos for the early detection of changes. For the detection of changes, visual interpretations on high-quality printouts of IKONOS-2 satellite images from 2000 and of color infrared aerial photographs from 1975 were carried out and the results compared. Interpretations were verified in the field. The results show that for the period 1975-2000, erosion was in process on and around wind heaths, indicating that the wind heath and surrounding dry dwarf shrub heath in this landscape type of hummocky moraine are sensitive to mechanical damage by trampling and grazing, and thus susceptible to change. Most of the wind heaths and changes found were small (50-1000 m2). The results show that it is possible to detect, with good accuracy, detailed changes in the size and distribution of erosion patches and wind heaths by visual interpretation in single images of IKONOS-2 data. This implies that for monitoring these kinds of changes, these high-resolution (4 x 4 m pixel resolution) satellite data can substitute for color infrared aerial photographs. 相似文献
200.
Public participation in water resources management: stakeholder voices on degree, scale, potential, and methods in future water management 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The European Water Framework Directive puts strong emphasis on stakeholder and public participation in water management. Several practical questions regarding who should be involved, why, when, and how still remain unanswered. This paper investigates stakeholders' own experiences and views of increased public participation in water management. The article also explores the potential for increasing levels of participation by forming catchment committees with representation from stakeholder groups and through the use of various practical methods for participation. For both these aspects of participation, the views, expectations, and apprehensions of different stakeholder groups involved in nutrient loss management are investigated. Stakeholder opinions were collected by inviting representatives from five stakeholder groups within the R?nne? catchment in southern Sweden to a catchment dialog process. 相似文献