Turner syndrome-omphalocele association: Incidence,karyotype, phenotype and fetal outcome

Objective

Omphalocele is known to be associated with genetic anomalies like trisomy 13, 18 and Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, but not with Turner syndrome (TS). Our aim was to assess the incidence of omphalocele in fetuses with TS, the phenotype of this association with other anomalies, their karyotype, and the fetal outcomes.

Method

Retrospective multicenter study of fetuses with confirmed diagnosis of TS. Data were extracted from a detailed questionnaire sent to specialists in prenatal ultrasound.

Results

680 fetuses with TS were included in this analysis. Incidence of small omphalocele in fetuses diagnosed ≥12 weeks was 3.1%. Including fetuses diagnosed before 12 weeks, it was 5.1%. 97.1% (34/35) of the affected fetuses had one or more associated anomalies including increased nuchal translucency (≥3 mm) and/or cystic hygroma (94.3%), hydrops/skin edema (71.1%), and cardiac anomalies (40%). The karyotype was 45,X in all fetuses. Fetal outcomes were poor with only 1 fetus born alive.

Conclusion

TS with 45,X karyotype but not with X chromosome variants is associated with small omphalocele. Most of these fetuses have associated anomalies and a poor prognosis. Our data suggest an association of TS with omphalocele, which is evident from the first trimester.     

Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of diene modified analogs of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Matsucoccus</Emphasis> sex pheromones

The biological activity of the Matsucoccus spp. sex pheromones and diene modified analogs has been tested in forests of Israel and Portugal in order to explore the structure-activity relationship of the pine bast scale pheromone/kairomone system. The response of the adult predatory bugs, Elatophilus hebraicus and E. crassicornis and of the brown lacewing, Hemerobius stigma is more selective than that of the conspecific Matsucoccus males. The removal of the terminal methyl group from the diene terminus of both pheromones 1 and 2 eliminates all kairomonal activity but retains moderate pheromonal activity. Addition of a methyl group to the diene terminus of pheromones 1 and 2 sustains full pheromonal and kairomonal activities of the Elatophilus spp. but eliminates entirely the kairomonal activity of H. stigma. Subtle designed alterations in the structure of the diene group, typical of all Matsucoccus pheromones, change the mode of the kairomonal activity markedly.     

沂北水稻主产区田间土—水磷素流失潜能

选取嘉善、余姚、德清、余杭4个具有代表性浙北水稻主产区，研究了水田土－水磷素流失潜能及环境意义。4稻区高水平磷肥投入促进了土壤高磷化，土壤Olsen-P积累的同时,相应地提高了土壤生物性有效磷、水浸提磷，并提高了土壤磷素的流失潜能。稻区土壤在富磷化过程中，存在着土壤磷素的农学意义向环境意义方向演变的趋势。在非植稻期，稻区农田水体，包括沟渠水、田表水、排渠水、暗管排水等总磷（TP）平均超过了易诱发水体富营养化临界值，其中溶解磷（DRP）占总磷40％；主要是源于绿肥田表水及部分排渠中的溶解磷对稻区外水体构成了直接危害。在非植稻期，因稻区间农耕措施的差异导致了土壤富磷水平与对应田表水磷素水平不具相关性；在植稻期，施磷措施促进水田土壤富磷，相应地提高了田表水磷素水平。     

Chemical methods and phytoremediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals

The effects of chemical amendments (calcium carbonate (CC), steel sludge (SS) and furnace slag (FS)) on the growth and uptake of cadmium (Cd) by wetland rice, Chinese cabbage and wheat grown in a red soil contaminated with Cd were investigated using a pot experiment. The phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil with vetiver grass was also studied in a field plot experiment. Results showed that treatments with CC, SS and FS decreased Cd uptake by wetland rice, Chinese cabbage and wheat by 23-95% compared with the unamended control. Among the three amendments, FS was the most efficient at suppressing Cd uptake by the plants, probably due to its higher content of available silicon (Si). The concentrations of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb) and Cd in the shoots of vetiver grass were 42-67%, 500-1200% and 120-260% higher in contaminated plots than in control, respectively. Cadmium accumulation by vetiver shoots was 218 g Cd/ha at a soil Cd concentration of 0.33 mg Cd/kg. It is suggested that heavy metal-contaminated soil could be remediated with a combination of chemical treatments and plants.     

Accumulation of lead, zinc, copper and cadmium by 12 wetland plant species thriving in metal-contaminated sites in China

The concentrations of lead, zinc, copper and cadmium accumulated by 12 emergent-rooted wetland plant species including different populations of Leersia hexandra, Juncus effusus and Equisetum ramosisti were investigated in field conditions of China. The results showed that metal accumulation by wetland plants differed among species, populations and tissues. Populations grown in substrata with elevated metals contained significantly higher metals in plants. Metals accumulated by wetland plants were mostly distributed in root tissues, suggesting that an exclusion strategy for metal tolerance widely exists in them. That some species/populations could accumulate relatively high metal concentrations (far above the toxic concentration to plants) in their shoots indicates that internal detoxification metal tolerance mechanism(s) are also included. The factors affecting metal accumulation by wetland plants include metal concentrations, pH, and nutrient status in substrata. Mostly concentrations of Pb and Cu in both aboveground and underground tissues of the plants were significantly positively related to their total and/or DTPA-extractable fractions in substrata while negatively to soil N and P, respectively. The potential use of these wetland plants in phytoremediation is also discussed.     

原位洗脱技术对凉水河底泥中氮、磷释放特征的影响

为探讨新兴底泥原位修复技术—原位洗脱技术对城市河流凉水河底泥中氮、磷释放的抑制作用,于现场采集洗脱前后样品并设计室内静态模拟实验,分析了实验期间洗脱组和对照组上覆水中${{\rm{NH}}_4^ + }$-N、${{\rm{NO}}_3^ - }$-N、TN、${{\rm{PO}}_4^{3 - }}$-P、TP浓度和释放速率变化特征。结果表明：洗脱组释放第30天时,${{\rm{NH}}_4^ + }$-N由底泥向上覆水中平均释放速率(−6.51±0.32) mg·(m²·d)⁻¹,对应上覆水中${{\rm{NH}}_4^ + }$-N平均浓度为0.52 mg·L⁻¹,较对照组下降了89.4%;${{\rm{PO}}_4^{3 - }}$-P和TP平均释放速率较对照组降低了78.1%和83.0%,上覆水中TP平均浓度为0.22 mg·L⁻¹,较对照组下降了68.1%。原位洗脱技术对底泥中${{\rm{NH}}_4^ +} $-N、${{\rm{PO}}_4^{3 - }}$-P释放的抑制作用主要通过对有机氮、磷物质的削减和水-沉积物界面还原环境的改善来实现。     

污泥的粘度与浓度、温度三者关系式的实验推导

通过融合污泥粘度与污泥浓度关系式、污泥粘度与温度关系式,得到一个新的关系式:污泥粘度与污泥浓度、温度的关系式,并通过实验数据拟合出各项参数,拟合效果比较理想.得出的污泥粘度与污泥浓度、温度的关系式对了解污泥的粘度变化非常有帮助,同时,该关系式也将为污泥处理、处置方案的制定提供参考依据.