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31.
Seeland A Oetken M Kiss A Fries E Oehlmann J 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(5):1781-1790
Purpose
Resulting from their intensive use as corrosion inhibitors in aircraft deicing and anti-icing fluids (ADAF) and for silver protection in dishwasher detergents benzotriazoles (BTs) are widespread in European surface waters. The current study aimed on an ecotoxicological characterization of 1H-benzotriazole (1H-BT) and 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole (5MBT).Methods
Acute and chronic OECD guideline tests were conducted with primary producers (Desmodesmus subspicatus, Lemna minor) and two daphnia species (Daphnia magna, Daphnia galeata) to characterize the hazard of these chemicals. Additionally, the estrogenic activity of both BTs was analyzed in vitro using a recombinant yeast estrogen screen (YES).Results
Both BTs revealed significant effects in acute and chronic experiments, but exhibited no estrogenic activity in the YES. The algal growth test displayed an inhibited cell number increase with effect concentration (EC) values of EC10 1.18 and 2.86?mg?l-1 for 1H-BT and 5MBT, respectively. In the Lemna test, EC10 values were 3.94?mg?l-1 (1H-BT) and 2.11?mg?l-1 (5MBT). D. magna was also affected with EC50 (48?h) values of 107?mg?l-1 for 1H-BT and 51.6?mg?l-1 for 5MBT. D. galeata was more sensitive with an EC50 (48?h) of 14.7?mg 1H-BT l-1 and 8.13?mg 5MBT l-1. In the 21-day reproduction tests with D. magna, the EC10 for 5MBT was 5.93?mg?l-1 while 1H-BT showed no adverse effects. D. galeata turned out to be more sensitive in the chronic study with EC10 values of 0.97?mg?l-1 for 1H-BT and 0.40?mg?l-1 for 5 MBT.Conclusion
Because BTs are regularly found in the aquatic environment at lower ??g l-1 concentrations reflecting their persistence and poor elimination during wastewater treatment processes, a preliminary risk assessment was conducted. There is little indication that BTs pose a risk for aquatic ecosystems at current exposure levels during most of the year. However, it cannot be excluded that in winter with a higher usage of ADAFs environmental concentrations may well exceed the level that is considered safe for aquatic organisms. 相似文献32.
33.
Emmanuelle Vulliet Mikaël Tournier Antoine Vauchez Laure Wiest Robert Baudot Florent Lafay Agneta Kiss Cécile Cren-Olivé 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2014,21(12):7512-7521
To collect a complete dataset regarding the occurrence of organic substances in groundwater, this study presents the examination of 66 organic contaminants in the groundwater of overseas departments, including pesticides, pharmaceutical compounds, hormones and some industrial substances. The selective and sensitive analytical methods are described. These techniques begin with solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by analysis using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-ToF-MS). The paper summarises the analytical results from 40 sampling points collected during two campaigns in Guadeloupe, Martinique, Reunion, Mayotte and Guiana, representing 80 samples. Of the 66 target substances, 36 were determined at least once. Among the most frequently detected are bisphenol A (frequency, 96 %; max., 7,400 ng/L), caffeine (frequency, 91 %; max., 1,240 ng/L), pentachlorophenol (frequency, 55 %; max., 418 ng/L), and carbamazepine (frequency, 56 %; max., 22 ng/L). The results do not put in evidence that the origin of the sample or climatic characteristics of these regions influence the dilution and release of micropollutants. 相似文献
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35.
Farkas Attila Bidló András Bolodár-Varga Bernadett Jánoska Ferenc 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(47):66724-66735
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study examined the concentrations of Al, Ca, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the liver and kidney samples of golden jackals (n =... 相似文献
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37.
Yttrium Normalisation: a New Tool for Detection of Chromium Contamination in Soil Samples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
József Prokisch Béla Kovács Attila J. Palencsár Ildikó Szegvári Zoltán Győri 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2000,22(4):317-323
The measurement of chromium and yttrium concentration could give a chance to detect 5–10 times less chromium contamination in soil by using the yttrium normalisation method. The principle of the method is the following: elements such as chromium and yttrium exist naturally in the soil in a strongly bonded form. Therefore, in a noncontaminated area there should be a close correlation between the yttrium and chromium concentrations. If the measured Cr concentration in a sample is not on the Cr–Y trend line then the distance of plotted point from the line indicates the amount of anthropogenic chromium. Anthropogenic chromium can be detected only in the case when the contamination does not contain yttrium. This theory was tested in an agricultural–toxicological field experiment where Cr(VI) was added to the soil. Applying the yttrium normalisation method a much smaller anthropogenic effect was detected than by other evaluation methods. 相似文献
38.
Uta Krogmann Clinton J. Andrews Mookhan Kim Gregory Kiss Clare Miflin 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2007,43(6):1414-1423
Abstract: Building water mass balances were performed for one 150‐story conventional building scenario for comparison with three scenarios of the 2020 Tower, a hypothetical 150‐story high‐rise building with on‐site wastewater treatment and reuse. To ensure that the assumptions for the hypothetical building are appropriate, a one‐year water balance was also conducted of the existing 27‐story Solaire building that partly closes the water/wastewater loop, meters major water flows and implements low‐flow/water conserving fixtures and appliances. For comparison, a conventional 27‐story building scenario with the same low‐flow/water conserving fixtures as the Solaire but no water reuse was also assessed. The mean daily indoor water use in the Solaire was 246 l/(d cap) which exceeds mean daily water use found in the literature. The water mass balances showed that an urban high‐rise building needs another source of water even when potable reuse water is produced because of losses during water end use and treatment (i.e., evaporation, water in treatment residues). Therefore, water conservation (i.e., modification of human behavior) and water efficiency improvements (i.e., equipment, appliances and fixtures) are important major factors in reducing the municipal water needed in all scenarios. 相似文献
39.
G Kiss Z Varga-Puchony B Tolnai B Varga A Gelencsér Z Krivácsy J Hlavay 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2001,114(1):55-61
The concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric precipitation and aerosol samples was monitored in a rural site by Lake Balaton, Hungary to examine the seasonal variation. The seasonal mean concentration of individual 3-6-ring PAHs in precipitation varied from 1 to 54 ng l-1 and from 3 to 350 ng l-1 in summer and winter, respectively. In the atmospheric aerosol samples the seasonal mean concentration of PAHs varied from 4 to 880 pg m-3, from 4 to 300 pg m-3, from 11 to 1050 pg m-3 and from 36 to 5000 pg m-3 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. Wet (412 micrograms m-2 year-1) and aerosol (190-300 micrograms m2 year-1) deposition rates were also estimated indicating that the two processes are of comparable importance in the removal of 3-6-ring PAHs from the atmosphere. 相似文献
40.