Decomposition of hexachlorobenzene over Al2O3 supported metal oxide catalysts

Decomposition of hexachlorobenzene(HCB)was investigated over several metal oxides(i.e.,MgO,CaO,BaO,La2O3,CeO2,MnO2, Fe2O3,and Co3O4)supported on Al2O3,which was achieved in closed system at a temperature of 300°C.Catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation with different metal oxides loading and impregnating solvents.The decomposition effciency of different catalysts for this reaction depends on the nature of the metal oxide used,and Al2O3 supported La2O3 was found to be the most active one.Pe...     

层状半空间中沉积谷地对入射SV波的放大作用——时域解答

利用傅里叶变换方法,研究了层状半空间中沉积谷地对SV波的时域散射问题。首先,通过傅里叶变换将时域问题转换为离散的频域问题,针对有效频率成分采用间接边界元方法求解频域响应,再将所得频域结果进行傅里叶逆变换得到时域解答。通过与已有结果的对比,验证了方法的正确性。最后,以基岩上单一土层中沉积谷地在R icker波入射下的散射问题为例进行了数值计算分析,结果表明,沉积谷地和土层的存在都会造成振动持续时间的增长;层状半空间中沉积谷地和均匀半空间中沉积谷地对波的放大作用存在显著差别。文中分析了造成该差别的原因,并讨论了覆盖层厚度和刚度对散射效应的影响。     

Nitrogen Turnover and Nitrate Leaching after Bark Beetle Attack in Mountainous Spruce Stands of the Bavarian Forest National Park

More than 85% of the mountainous spruce forest of the Bavarian Forest National Park died after bark beetle attack during the last decade. The elemental budget of intact stands and of different stages after the dieback was investigated. N-fluxes in throughfall of intact stands were lower (12–16 kg ha^-1 a^-1) than in an earlier study in an intact mountainous spruce stand in the Bavarian Forest National Park and were reduced in the first years after the dieback (3–5 kg N ha^-1 a^-1). Nitrate-N fluxes by seepage water of intact stands at 40 cm depth, which is below the main rooting zone, were moderate (5–9 kg ha^-1 a^-1). After the dieback of the stands, NH₄ ⁺ concentrations were increased in humus efflux as were NO₃ ^- concentrations in mineral soil. Due to the relatively high precipitation, dilution of the elemental concentrations in seepage was considerable.Therefore, NO₃ ^- concentrations were usually below the level of drinking water (806 μmol NO₃ ^- L^-1), with lowest concentrations after the snowmelt and highest in autumn. Nitrate concentrations were elevated from the first year until the 7th year after the dieback. Total NO₃ ^--N losses by seepage until the 7th year after the dieback equalled 543 kg N ha^-1. Aluminium fluxesafter the dieback were enhanced in the mineral soil from 55 to 503 mmol_c m^-2 a^-1 (average of 8 yr), K⁺ fluxes from 8 to 37 mmol_c m^-2 a^-1, and Mg²⁺ fluxes from 13 to 35 mmol_c m^-2 a^-1. The consequences for the nutritional status of the ecosystem, the hydrosphere, and forest management are discussed in the paper.     

The role of tryptophan in don‐induced feed rejection

Abstract

Deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) commonly produced by Fusarium fungi can alter feeding behaviour of pigs and other farm animals. The effects of dietary tryptophan (TRP, precursor of brain amine serotonin) in combination with DON were examined in mice to determine if TRP can modulate DON toxicity. Results indicated that brain TRP can be influenced by dietary TRP, but no evidence of TRP potentiating DON toxicity was observed. Higher TRP levels likely induced amino acid imbalance leading to weight gain suppression.     

Recycling-oriented characterization of small waste electrical and electronic equipment

As a result of the continuous change in the design and function of consumer electrical and electronic products, the mechanical and material properties of the obsolete products, called waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE), are highly variable. The variability within WEEE is explained by the number of different appliances, and the heterogeneity in composition of any given appliance.This paper reports on an extended investigation of the properties of WEEE, in particular small appliances. The investigation focuses on the analysis of the composition of about 700 single appliances. Firstly, analytical methods to characterize the waste equipment are described. The results of the experimental analyses show that the mechanical properties, the material composition, the polymer composition and the chemical composition of WEEE vary not only between equipment types with different functions, but also between single appliances within one equipment type. Data on hazardous and valuable substances in selected equipment types are presented.Using detailed data on the composition of individual appliances to calculate rates of recovery for assumed recycling processes demonstrates that the performance of recycling processes depends strongly on the composition of WEEE. Recycling-oriented characterization is, therefore, a systematic approach to support the design and the operation of recycling processes.     

国外有机市政固废批处理厌氧消化工艺介绍

批处理厌氧消化工艺是厌氧处理技术的一种,其通过序批式进料、连续式操作的设计,可简化物料的预处理工序和厌氧发酵过程控制,从而达到降低投资成本及运营费用的目的,使其相对其他固废厌氧处理技术形成优势。调整厌氧渗滤液回收循环方式及批处理反应器的数量,可形成一系列改进后的批处理工艺,包括序批式和阶段式的批处理系统。有机市政固废经厌氧消化后,不仅可以减量化及稳定化,而且还可以获取能源及回收有用物质。文章对目前国外主要的有机固废批处理厌氧消化工艺进行了分析,并针对国内的固废特征给出了建议。     

渭南市道路移动源高分辨污染物排放清单及特征研究

应用MOVES-2014a模型并对其输入参数进行了本地化修正,计算了 2018年渭南市道路移动源污染物的排放因子和排放总量.基于渭南市路网分布和GIS信息及车流分布对污染物总排放量进行了空间和时间分配,建立了 1 km×1 km和l h分辨率的排放清单.结果表明,渭南市机动车排放CO、NMVOCs、NOx、NO2、NO...     

高海拔水电水库温室气体的排放特征——以雅鲁藏布江藏木水库为例

水电水库是大气温室气体的重要来源,在一定程度上影响着区域气候变化.然而目前关于水库温室气体排放的估算仍然存在很大的不确定性,一方面原因是缺失了世界各地山区水库的数据,另一方面原因是未将受水库影响的上下游河道考虑在内.本研究重点关注雅鲁藏布江流域水电水库——藏木水库丰枯水期CO2、CH4和N2O的溶存浓度与扩散通量的时空...     

局部断层场地对平面SV波的散射

借助Wolf的土层和半空间精确动力刚度矩阵及斜线荷载的格林函数,利用间接边界元法在频域内求解了局部断层场地对SV波的散射,着重分析了破碎带较窄断层两侧围岩动力响应的基本规律,以及场地动力特性对散射的影响.研究表明,破碎带断层对SV波有显著的影响,即使破碎带很窄,也可以对SV波产生很大的放大作用;层状场地的动力特性对放大作用有显著的影响.     

狐尾藻在不同营养底泥腐解过程中胡敏酸的变化

采用平行因子分析方法,结合紫外吸收光谱、三维荧光光谱以及傅里叶变换红外光谱技术,研究了沉水植物狐尾藻在低、中、高营养底泥腐解过程中胡敏酸（HA）的变化,进一步揭示了不同营养底泥对沉水植物腐解的影响机制.结果表明,底泥营养水平越高,狐尾藻腐解得越快（P<0.05）,释放出更多的溶解性有机碳（DOC）、溶解性总氮（DTN）、溶解性总磷（DTP）和腐殖质;底泥营养程度与HA的疏水性、分子复杂性、分子量大小呈正相关（P<0.05）;荧光鉴别出不同营养底泥HA都含有1种类蛋白质组分C2和2种类富里酸组分C1、C3,且类富里酸组分和类蛋白质组分在不同腐解条件下具有相似的组分特征;不同营养底泥不同时间提取的HA红外图谱较为相似,表明不同腐解条件不同时间提取的HA含有相似的官能团,狐尾藻腐烂高营养底泥组提取的HA含有更多的芳香性物质和有机磷.采用光谱分析法对狐尾藻腐烂分解HA成分的化学结构特征进行系统的研究,可深入了解不同营养底泥对沉水植物腐解的影响机制,为湖泊水环境生态治理和修复提供理论参考.