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This article discusses how the concept of integrated learning systems provides a useful means of exploring the functional
linkages between the governance and management of public protected areas. It presents a conceptual framework of an integrated
learning system that explicitly incorporates learning processes in governance and management subsystems. The framework is
premised on the assumption that an understanding of an integrated learning system is essential if we are to successfully promote
learning across multiple scales as a fundamental component of adaptability in the governance and management of protected areas.
The framework is used to illustrate real-world situations that reflect the nature and substance of the linkages between governance
and management. Drawing on lessons from North America and Africa, the article demonstrates that the establishment and maintenance
of an integrated learning system take place in a complex context which links elements of governance learning and management
learning subsystems. The degree to which the two subsystems are coupled influences the performance of an integrated learning
system and ultimately adaptability. Such performance is largely determined by how integrated learning processes allow for
the systematic testing of societal assumptions (beliefs, values, and public interest) to enable society and protected area
agencies to adapt and learn in the face of social and ecological change. It is argued that an integrated perspective provides
a potentially useful framework for explaining and improving shared understanding around which the concept of adaptability
is structured and implemented. 相似文献
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Soharu Anil BP Naveen Sil Arjun 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(3):1037-1046
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - In this study, an effort has been made to use concrete waste debris for the manufacturing of fly ash bricks as a sustainable material. Though in... 相似文献