城市污水处理厂反硝化聚磷菌的聚磷持久性

以桂林市第四污水处理厂氧化沟活性污泥为对象,研究在具有厌氧-缺氧-好氧环境的污水处理构筑物中富集存在的反硝化聚磷菌聚磷能力的持久性问题。结果表明,在此环境中富集的反硝化聚磷菌在经过3个周期的厌氧-缺氧条件下运行,最大释磷率由0.90 mg P/（g VSS.h）下降为0.07 mg P/（g VSS.h）,反硝化聚磷率由0.17 mg P/（g VSS.h）下降为0.04 mg P/（g VSS.h）。比较而言,在厌氧-缺氧-好氧环境下最大释磷率及聚磷率降幅较小,释磷率由0.59 mg P/（gVSS.h）下降为0.37 mg P/（g VSS.h）,反硝化聚磷率由0.17 mg P/（g VSS.h）下降为0.10 mg P/（g VSS.h）,厌氧-缺氧-好氧运行条件比单纯的厌氧-缺氧运行条件更有利于维持反硝化聚磷菌的聚磷性能。     

Performance of the Annular Denuder System with Different Arrangements for HNO3 and HNO2 Measurements in Taiwan

ABSTRACT

Experiments on different annular denuder system (ADS)arrangements for sampling nitrous acid (HNO₂) and ni-tric acid (HNO₃) gases were conducted in this study toevaluate their sampling artifacts. The evaluation basis isthe one that employed one sodium chloride denuder forsampling HNO₃ gas and two sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃)denuders for sampling HNO₂ gas, which is a commonlyemployed ADS arrangement in many field applicationsin the United States. A field study was conducted inHsinchu, Taiwan, and the results indicated that this ADSarrangement may yield over 80% relative errors for HNO₃gas. It also showed that the relative errors for HNO₂ gascan be less than 10% as sampled with only one Na₂CO₃denuder. This is attributed to the fact that the ambientHNO₃ concentration measured in this study was relativelylow while the HNO₂ concentration was high, as comparedto typical concentrations of these two gases measured inthe United States.

The sampling error of HNO₃ gas may be due to highconcentrations of N-containing interfering speciespresent in Taiwan’s atmosphere. Because the relative sam-pling errors of HNO₃ and HNO₂ gases depend mainly ontheir concentrations in the atmosphere as well as con-centrations caused by interfering species, the risk for higherror while measuring low HNO₂ concentrations by onlyone Na₂CO₃ denuder is also possible. As a result, it is sug-gested that pretests are necessary to evaluate possiblesources and degrees of sampling errors before fieldsampling of HNO₂ and HNO₃ gases. The sampling errorsof these two gases can, therefore, be minimized with abetter arrangement of the ADS.     

抗癌药卡培他滨对四膜虫的生态毒性研究

水环境抗癌药残留的生态毒性效应是当前环境领域研究热点。本文以四膜虫为模式生物,研究了抗癌药卡培他滨(CAP)对四膜虫的毒性作用。结果表明,0.25-16μMCAP对四膜虫的生长抑制无显著影响。CAP对罗丹明B在四膜虫体内积累的试验结果显示CAP对四膜虫的多药耐药性(MDR)的影响亦不显著。研究结果提示,要进一步探索敏感物种和敏感分子指标,同时考虑CAP代谢产物的生态毒性,为科学认识和评价抗癌药生态风险积累基础数据。     

基本过程控制系统(BPCS)作为独立保护层的探讨

对于特定场景,识别现有的防护措施是否满足独立保护层（IPL）的要求是保护层分析技术的核心内容。基本过程控制系统（BPCS）作为一种基本保护措施,在一定的条件下可以作为一种IPL。探讨BPCS作为IPL必须满足的条件,分析同一BPCS多重功能回路作为IPL的方法、各种影响因素、限制条件、所需的专业知识和信息及注意事项。在实际运用中,必须谨慎识别同一BPCS多重功能回路作为同一场景下的多个IPL。     

固定化膜生物反应器处理含抗生素污水

采用细菌固定化技术包埋活性污泥浓缩液,并利用A/O膜生物反应器处理含抗生素生活污水,考察了膜生物反应器在抗生素存在条件下降解有机物及氮素的性能,并对土霉素为代表的抗生素的去除效果进行分析。结果表明,人工模拟抗生素污水的COD、TOC、NH4+-N、TN及土霉素浓度分别为325～413、101.35～206.10、15.51～24.54、15.00～25.30和0.17～0.47 mg/L,水力停留时间为6、12和24 h的条件下,系统的出水平均COD、TOC、NH4+-N和TN分别维持在50、20、1和3 mg/L以下,对土霉素的平均去除率分别达到64%、72%和75%;研究还发现固定化膜生物反应器对进水中氨氮的波动具有良好的抗冲击负荷能力且可以延缓膜污染,正确调整水处理工艺的运行工序可以在提高水处理效率的同时有效降低水环境中的抗生素药物含量。     

河流污染原因分析及管理对策

河流污染主要是指污染物直接或间接地通过地表径流或其他方式进入河流而引起河流自净能力和环境功能下降的现象,主要表现为水体黑臭和富营养化。目前,随着城镇化、工业化进程的加快,人口的急剧增长,导致我国河流污染日益严重。河流污染程度与净流量、产业结构及人口规模密切相关。坚持走可持续发展道路,转变先污染后治理的传统观点,积极落实总量控制制度,彻底解决水环境污染问题。     

Effects of atamp-charging coke making on strength and high temperature thermal properties of coke

The stamp-charging coke making process has some advantages of improving the operation environment, decreasing fugitive emission, higher gas collection efficiency as well as less environmental pollution. This article describes the different structure strength and high temperature thermal properties of 4 different types of coke manufactured using a conventional coking process and the stamp-charging coke making process. The 4 kinds of cokes were prepared from the mixture of five feed coals blended by the petrography blending method. The results showed that the structure strength indices of coke prepared using the stamp-charging coke method increase sharply. In contrast with conventional coking process, the stamp-charging process improved the coke strength after reaction but had little impact on the coke reactivity index.     

Removement of thiocyanate from industrial wastewater by microwave-Fenton oxidation method

The microwave radiation oxidation process, Fenton as catalytic agent, was used to remove the thiocyanate from the industrial wastewater. The effects of microwave power, radiation time, pH and the feeding in ways of catalyst on the degradation rate of synthetic wastewater were investigated using the microwave radiation oxidation process by orthogonal experiment. The results show Fenton catalyst ratio was 1:20, the microwave radiation power was 900 W, the microwave radiation time was 7 min and the value of pH was 3. Under the optimum conditions, the removal of KSCN can reach over 90%. The apparent kinetics of removal was studied, which conformed to kinetics first-class reaction. In short, for the thiocyanate from the industrial wastewater, microwave-Fenton oxidation method is feasible and effective.     

对低影响开发中雨水调蓄设施的分析和思考研究

随着海绵城市规划建设的陆续开展,低影响开发(LID)的理念也深入人心并得到广泛应用,国内各地均结合自身实际情况提出了年径流总量控制率的目标.事实上,各地在实践中也都逐渐总结出,将年径流总量控制率的目标转化为控制的雨量更容易落地实施,而实现目标的其中一个关键抓手就是雨水调蓄设施.通过对调蓄设施的类型、用途及标准等内容的分析和思考,提出规划建设中应当注意的问题和建议,为海绵城市建设提供一些参考,促进调蓄设施更好的发挥作用.     

长江三角洲固定燃烧源排放SO_2,NO_x,CO和HC的分布

本文应用全国排污申报数据 ,按 1 /6°× 1 /6°网格精度估算了 1 995年长江三角洲地区固定燃烧源SO2 、NOx、CO和HC的排放分布。