Prenatal diagnosis of 45,X/46,XY mosaicism—A review and update

A total of 54 cases with prenatal diagnosis of 45,X/46,XY mosaicism was reviewed. Of 47 cases with information on phenotypic outcome, 42 cases (89·4 percent) were reported to be associated with a grossly normal male phenotype. Three cases (6·4 percent) were diagnosed as having mixed gonadal dysgenesis with internal asymmetrical gonads. Two other cases were questionably abnormal. In 40 cases with successful cytogenetic confirmatory studies, the overall rate of cytogenetic confirmation of 45,X/46,XY from tissues derived from fetus/liveborn/placenta was 70·O per cent. This review shows a major difference in the phenotypic outcome between postnatal diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis. Due to the ascertainment bias, almost all known patients with postnatal diagnosis of 45,X/46,XY mosaicism are phenotypically abnormal. Therefore, caution must be used in translating information derived from postnatal diagnosis to prenatal diagnosis. This review calls for collection of more data on 45,X/46,XY mosaicism diagnosed prenatally, more long-term follow-up of liveborn infants, and pathological studies of all abortuses. Emphasis is placed also on the importance of genetic counselling, ultrasound examination, and cytogenetic confirmation.     

Informational uncertainties of risk assessment about accidents of chemicals

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Serum PAPP-A and free β-hCG are first-trimester screening markers for down syndrome

Serum measurements of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and the free β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) subunit were made in 13 women with Down syndrome (DS) pregnancies and six other women with fetal aneuploidy ascertained at chorionic villus sampling (CVS), as well as 89 women with contemporaneous normal control pregnancies. Median serum PAPP-A measurements (0·31 MOM, 95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 0·22–0·65 vs. normal 1·06, 95 per cent CI 0·89–1·20) were lower and free β-hCG subunit measurements (1·13 MOM, 95 per cent CI 0·93–2·63 vs. normal 0·91, 95 per cent CI 0·79–1·03) were higher at statistically significant levels. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the highest sensitivity for detection, 71·2 per cent (95 per cent CI 54·7–87·6 per cent), was for depressed PAPP-A levels; the combination of low serum PAPP-A levels, maternal age, and elevated free β-hCG levels yielded a detection rate of 78·9 per cent (95 per cent CI 64·9–92·8 per cent) of the affected pregnancies at 8–12 weeks' gestation.     

楔横轧变形接触面的螺旋面方程及其应用

建立了楔横轧变形工件与模具接触面的旋转螺旋面方程。利用新方程求解工程问题,其结果比用传统的用圆锥曲面近似求解有明显改善。螺旋面方程的建立为楔横轧工程问题的精确求解创造了条件。对于研究楔横轧理论。提高工艺水平有一定的促进作用。     

A revisit of trisomy 20 mosaicism in prenatal diagnosis—an overview of 103 cases

One hundred and three cases with prenatal diagnosis of trisomy 20 mosaicism through amniocentesis were reviewed. Approximately 90 per cent (90/101) of the cases were associated with grossly normal phenotype. It is likely that, in the majority of cases, cells with trisomy 20 were extraembryonic in origin or largely confined to the placenta. However, in some cases, the cells with trisomy 20 were confined to certain specific fetal organs or tissues such as kidney, skin, etc. Cytogenetic follow-up studies in liveborns should include a culture from urine sediment.     

应用标准方法测定农药对蚯蚓的毒性

本文论述使用标准化的人工土壤测定农药对蚯蚓的急性毒性的方法.实验结果证明,适用于测定农药对蚯蚓毒性的人工土壤组成为:石英砂830g/kg(干重,下同)、草炭100g/kg、膨润土50g/kg、碳酸钙10g/kg、马粪10g/kg.利用人工土壤测定久效磷、多菌灵、呋喃丹、林丹及甲基对硫磷对蚯蚓(Eiseniafoetida)的毒性.其半数致死浓度(LC_(50))分别是:0.18、4.27、12.9、70.85、74.52ppm.经用三种不同类型的自然土壤(东北黑土、华北褐土、江西红壤)及人工土壤测定呋喃丹对蚯蚓的毒性后,证实呋喃丹在人工土壤中对蚯蚓的半数致死浓度(12.9ppm)处于三种自然土壤的LC_(50)值(褐土6.9ppm、红壤12.7ppm、黑土19.2ppm)之间,表明人工土壤具有一定的代表性,用人工土壤进行农药对蚯蚓的毒性研究是可行的.     

A new O2-microelectrode and its application

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酸化-UASB-A/O工艺处理啤酒废水

本文论述了酸化-UASB-A/O工艺处理啤酒废水,研究了该工艺的设计、运行及工艺特点.经运行结果表明,在进水CODCr为1850～2400mg/L,BOD 5≤1600mg/L,SS为330～530mg/L,酸化池的水力停留时间(HRT)为4h,UASB的水力停留时间(HRT)为5.3h,A池水力停留时间(HRT)为42min.,O池的水力停留时间(HRT)为12h时,处理后出水CODCr＜100mg/L,BOD5＜20mg/L,SS＜70mg/L,处理后出水水质达到了<污水综合排放标准>(GB8978-1996)中的一级标准.对该工艺两年运行成本考核知:运行处理废水费用为0.474元/t.     

中国土地可持续利用指标体系的理论与方法

制定土地资源可持续性指标体系是《21世纪议程》中对各国提出的科学技术优先研究领域 ,国土资源部已开始了该研究项目。论文就此对中国土地资源可持续利用指标体系的理论与方法从整体上进行了探讨。首先回顾了国内外土地可持续利用研究的进展 ,分析归纳了国外可持续发展指标体系研究状况及可借鉴之处 ;指出在土地可持续利用指标与评价的研究中 ,必须从3个方面开展深入探讨。第一是土地利用分区及制定区域性土地可持续利用指标体系 ;第二是研究制定主要土地利用系统可持续利用指标体系及其阈值 ;第三是研究制定典型区域(以县域为单位)土地可持续利用指标体系及其阈值。只有把3个方面的研究有机融合起来 ,互相反馈 ,互为依存 ,才能保证土地可持续利用指标体系的科学性、系统性和实用性。     

Effects of Oxalis pes-caprae L. invasion in olive groves

The present work aimed at studying the effect of Oxalis pes-caprae invasion in the herbaceous understory of olive groves in the island of Lesvos, Greece. The number of species, their biomass and dead plant material production was followed throughout the vegetative period in invaded and non-invaded plots. Species richness in the area invaded by O. pes-caprae gradually declined and was significantly smaller in comparison with the natural vegetation. Although biomass was equal in the invaded and non-invaded areas 1 month after germination, annual net primary production (NPP) was three times smaller in the invaded than the non-invaded area. Moreover, aboveground dead plant material of O. pes-caprae decomposed faster than a mixture of litter species of the natural vegetation. Lower biomass production in combination with increased decomposition rates of O. pes-caprae is expected to lead to reduced soil C sequestration in invaded areas. It was concluded that although O. pes-caprae does not add a new life form or functional type to the invaded herbaceous system it has considerable impacts on the diversity and ecosystem functions in olive groves.