废PE塑料溶剂法制氧化聚乙烯蜡

研究了在不同溶剂中以聚乙烯废塑料制高附加值氧化聚乙烯蜡产品的方法,测定了所得产物的分子量、酸值、软化点,并用IR考察了含氧基团。结果表明,溶剂A体系中能制备出颜色、分子量、酸值合格的低分子量氧化聚乙烯蜡,产品软化点在101～110℃,相对分子质量为1500,3000,酸值是12。以废塑料包装为原料,氧气做氧化剂下制得的氧化聚乙烯蜡的酸值最高。     

Microbial community dynamics at high organic loading rates revealed by pyrosequencing during sugar refinery wastewater treatment in a UASB reactor

High strength sugar refinery wastewater was treated in a mesophilic UASB. Pyrosequencing reveals microbial community succession with OLR increase. Diversity of microbial communities in OLR12 is much higher than those in OLR36 and OLR54.0 kgCOD/(kg VSS·d). Fermentative bacteria could deal with increasing OLR through the increase of microbial diversity and quantity. Hydrogen-producing acotogens and methanogens mainly coped with high OLR shocks by increasing the quantity of community The performance and microbial community structure in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB) treating sugar refinery wastewater were investigated. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal reached above 92.0% at organic loading rates (OLRs) of 12.0–54.0 kgCOD/(m³·d). The volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in effluent were increased to 451.1 mg/L from 147.9 mg/L and the specific methane production rate improved by 1.2–2.2-fold as the OLR increased. The evolution of microbial communities in anaerobic sludge at three different OLRs was investigated using pyrosequencing. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at a 3% distance were 353, 337 and 233 for OLR12, OLR36 and OLR54, respectively. When the OLR was increased to 54.0 kgCOD /(m³·d) from 12.0 kgCOD/(m³·d) by stepwise, the microbial community structure were changed significantly. Five genera (Bacteroides, Trichococcus, Chryseobacterium, Longilinea and Aerococcus) were the dominant fermentative bacteria at the OLR 12.0 kgCOD/(m³·d). However, the sample of OLR36 was dominated by Lactococcus, Trichococcus, Anaeroarcus and Veillonella. At the last stage (OLR= 54.0 kgCOD/(m³·d)), the diversity and percentage of fermentative bacteria were markedly increased. Apart from fermentative bacteria, an obvious shift was observed in hydrogen-producing acetogens and non-acetotrophic methanogens as OLR increased. Syntrophobacter, Geobacter and Methanomethylovorans were the dominant hydrogen-producing acetogens and methylotrophic methanogens in the samples of OLR12 and OLR36. When the OLR was increased to 54.0 kgCOD/(m³·d), the main hydrogen-producing acetogens and hydrogenotrophic methanogens were substituted with Desulfovibrio and Methanospirillum. However, the composition of acetotrophic methanogens (Methanosaeta) was relatively stable during the whole operation period of the UASB reactor.     

用于处理含油废水的吸油罐的研制

聚丙烯纤维是一种很好的吸油材料 ,以它作为吸油罐内的滤料吸附含油废水中的油 ,使水达标排放 ,再用蒸汽吹扫滤料上的油进行收集 ,使油回收利用     

络合凝胶法合成Al掺杂纳米ZnO及其光催化性能

氧化锌(ZnO)纳米粉体是一种重要的可用来降解有机污染物的光催化剂。然而,纯的ZnO仅仅能够吸收紫外光和部分可见光,不能够充分利用太阳光。采用了一种络合凝胶法来合成掺杂Al的ZnO纳米粉体。所制备出来的纳米颗粒尺寸在20～50 nm之间,它不仅对波长范围在200～400 rm之间的紫外光有很强的吸收,而且对波长范围在4...     

陆地生态系统呼吸温度敏感性及影响因素研究

陆地生态系统是全球第二大碳库,生态系统呼吸的任何细微变化都会在很大程度上影响着全球碳循环,改变大气中CO2浓度,而气候变化(如气候变暖)反过来会影响生态系统呼吸,从而增强温室效应.呼吸对温度的敏感性系数(Q10)是定量气候-碳循环反馈的一个关键参数,其相关研究仍存在较大的不确定性.本文探究了Q10的影响因素、时空变异性及机理解释,阐述了表观Q10和内在Q10的机理差异,指出内在Q10是有机物分解对温度的敏感性,更能反映生态系统碳循环对气候变化的本质反馈.     

TiO2/Ag modified penta-bismuth hepta-oxide nitrate and its adsorption performance for azo dye removal

A modified hydrophilic penta-bismuth hepta-oxide nitrate (Bi₅O₇NO₃) surface was synthesized via a precipitation method using TiO₂ and Ag as modified agents. The synthesized product was characterized by different analytical techniques. The removal efficiency was evaluated using mono-and di-sulphonated azo dyes as model pollutants. Different kinetic, isotherm and diffusion models were chosen to describe the adsorption process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results revealed no noticeable differences in the chemical states of modified adsorbent when compared to pure Bi₅O₇NO₃;however, the presence of hydrophilic centres such as TiO₂ and Ag developed positively charged surface groups and improved its adsorption performance to a wide range of azo dyes. Dyes removal was found to be a function of adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, solution pH and temperature. The reduction of Langmuir 1,2-mixed order kinetics to the second or first-order kinetics could be successfully used to describe the adsorption of dyes onto the modified adsorbent. Mass transfer can be described by intra-particle diffusion at a certain stage, but it was not the rate limiting step that controlled the adsorption process. Homogenous behavior of adsorbent surface can be explored by applying Langmuir isotherm to fit the adsorption data.     

稀土修饰的Co/Hβ催化剂催化分解N_2O

以Hβ分子筛为载体,采用浸渍法制备了一系列以钴为主活性组分,稀土元素为助剂的CoM/Hβ（M=La、Ce、Pr、Nd）催化剂,考察了在含氧条件下直接催化分解N2O的性能.采用X射线衍射、热重-质谱联用系统、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD等方法对催化剂进行了表征.XRD结果表明,Co物种主要以Co3O4尖晶石形态存在.NH3-TPD结果表明,催化剂活性与催化剂的酸性有关.活性评价结果显示,稀土助剂的添加使催化剂活性得到改善,其中以Pr为助剂的催化剂活性最好,N2O转化率达到95%时的反应温度为398℃.     

超滤与电渗析联用降低油田采出水矿化度中试试验研究

以大庆油田常规处理后的油田采出水为处理对象,建立日产水300t的超滤预处理和电渗析脱盐处理中试试验装置.考察该工艺所能达到的技术经济指标,掌握放大规律,为万吨级工业装置和系统的设计提供基础数据.经过3000h长时间连续试运行,系统出水水质稳定,出水浊度低于1.0 NTU,悬浮物和含油量低于1.00 mg/L,矿化度低于1000 mg/L,水质完全满足配制聚合物用水要求,证明采用处理后的油田采出水代替清水作为聚合物驱用水是可行的.     

Hg、Cd对莼菜越冬芽光合膜光化学活性及多肽组分的影响

研究了重金属Ｈｇ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋对水生植物莼菜越冬芽光合膜叶绿素含量、多肽组分及光化学特性的影响。实验结果表明，经１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度Ｈｇ＾２＋处理后，叶片光合膜叶绿素含量、叶绿素ａ／ｂ值、室温吸收光谱、荧光发射光谱、光系统电子传递活性呈下降趋势；当Ｈｇ＾２＋处理浓度超过２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时，叶片光合膜叶绿素含量及其它化光学活性显下降，光合膜多肽组分也产生降解。茎光合膜对Ｈｇ＾２＋的敏感程度比叶片低     

三氯化磷生产装置环境风险评价及事故预案

三氯化磷生产工艺流程简单，正常生产过程中污染物排放景较小，但是由于原料黄磷和氯气以及生产的产品三氯化磷均为有毒有害、易燃易爆物质，生产过程中存在较大的环境风险。本文通过对三氯化磷生产装置风险因子的分析，泄漏事故的模拟，分析事故发生的原因，计算出毒物危害分级、作业条件的危险性，提出风险防范措施和事故应急预案。