Multi-angle Indicators System of Non-point Pollution Source Assessment in Rural Areas: A Case Study Near Taihu Lake

This study aims to identify key environmental risk sources contributing to water eutrophication and to suggest certain risk management strategies for rural areas. The multi-angle indicators included in the risk source assessment system were non-point source pollution, deficient waste treatment, and public awareness of environmental risk, which combined psychometric paradigm methods, the contingent valuation method, and personal interviews to describe the environmental sensitivity of local residents. Total risk values of different villages near Taihu Lake were calculated in the case study, which resulted in a geographic risk map showing which village was the critical risk source of Taihu eutrophication. The increased application of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N), loss vulnerability of pollutant, and a lack of environmental risk awareness led to more serious non-point pollution, especially in rural China. Interesting results revealed by the quotient between the scores of objective risk sources and subjective risk sources showed what should be improved for each study village. More environmental investments, control of agricultural activities, and promotion of environmental education are critical considerations for rural environmental management. These findings are helpful for developing targeted and effective risk management strategies in rural areas.     

川西地区压裂返排液破胶处理工艺研究

油田压裂返排液是油气田开发中产生的一种复杂的多项分散稳定体系,需进行破胶预处理后才能进行下一步处理。文章以川西地区压裂返排液为研究对象,选用次氯酸钠（NaCIO）、过氧化氢（H2O3）、高锰酸钾（KMnO4）为破胶剂进行化氧化破胶剂实验研究,结果表明：高锰酸钾（KMnO4）的破胶效果最好,工艺条件简单,运输、保存方便。COD去除率达77％以上,破胶后水色最好。     

Land Surface Phenology and Land Surface Temperature Changes Along an Urban–Rural Gradient in Yangtze River Delta, China

Using SPOT/VGT NDVI time series images (2002–2009) and MODIS/LST images (2002–2009) smoothed by a Savitzky–Golay filter, the land surface phenology (LSP) and land surface temperature (LST), respectively, are extracted for six cities in the Yangtze River Delta, China, including Shanghai, Hangzhou, Nanjing, Changzhou, Wuxi, and Suzhou. The trends of the averaged LSP and LST are analyzed, and the relationship between these values is revealed along the urban–rural gradient. The results show that urbanization advances the start of the growing season, postpones the end of the growing season, prolongs the growing season length (GSL), and reduces the difference between maximal NDVI and minimal NDVI in a year (NDVI_amp). More obvious changes occur in surface vegetation phenology as the urbanized area is approached. The LST drops monotonously and logarithmically along the urban–rural gradient. Urbanization generally affects the LSP of the surrounding vegetation within 6 km to the urban edge. Except for GSL, the difference in the LSP between urban and rural areas has a significant logarithmic relationship with the distance to the urban edge. In addition, there is a very strong linear relationship between the LSP and the LST along the urban–rural gradient, especially within 6 km to the urban edge. The correlations between LSP and gross domestic product and population density reveal that human activities have considerable influence on the land surface vegetation growth.     

营销管理信息系统

本文从营销管理信息系统的构成、营销管理信息系统与企业营销过程的关系、营销管理信息系统的作用、内部记录系统、营销决策支持系统等几个方面对企业的营销管理信息系统进行了浅显的讨论。     

Effects of Grazing Exclusion on Soil Properties and on Ecosystem Carbon and Nitrogen Storage in a Sandy Rangeland of Inner Mongolia, Northern China

The Horqin sandy rangeland of northern China is a seriously desertified region with a fragile ecology. The sandy alluvial and aeolian sediments have a coarse texture and loose structure and are therefore vulnerable to damage caused by grazing animals and wind erosion. We investigated whether grazing exclusion could enhance ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage and thereby improve overall soil quality. We compared soil properties, C and N storage in biomass (aboveground and below-ground), and the total and light fraction soil organic matter between adjacent areas with continuous grazing and a 12-year grazing exclosure. The soil silt?+?clay content, organic C, total Kjeldahl N, available N and K, and cation-exchange capacity were significantly (P?相似文献   

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵－丙烯酰胺的合成及其在含油污水处理中的应用

以二甲胺、氯丙烯等为原料合成二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（ＤＭＤＡＡＣ），再与丙烯酰胺（ＡＭ）共聚生成共聚物。利用胶体滴定法测定共聚物的阳离子度、一点法测定特性粘数，并利用充气浮选法对阳离子共聚物进行浮选效果评价。结果表明，当产品的阳离子度在３０％～４０％的范围内除油效果最好，其效果明显优于阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（ＣＰＡＭ），与复配的聚合铝加聚丙烯酰胺（ＰＡＣ＋ＰＡＭ）相当。     

浅析八五七农场小城镇建设中的生态环境保护

以黑龙江垦区八五七农场小城镇建设为出发点,分析了八五七农场在小城镇建设中生态环境保护的实践经验,从环境规划、环保基础设施建设、污染防控、环境教育和环境监督管理方面,提出了小城镇建设中应注意的生态环境保护问题及建议。     

基于双相干频谱分析的控制阀性能评估

针对控制阀的故障识别,提出了基于双相干频谱分析的方法进行性能评估,通过采集控制阀的实际开度值(OP)与实际输出值(PV)的历史运行数据,运用双相干频谱分析方法,分析OP值与PV值在频域上的差异,并形成了定量的评估指标,实现控制阀控制性能的定量评估。     

不同草本植物间作对Cd污染土壤的修复效果

为了研究不同草本植物间作对空心菜Cd吸收效果及污染土壤中Cd移除率的影响,采用盆栽试验,以空心菜茎叶Cd消减率与土壤中Cd移除率为主要指标,研究了空心菜在Cd污染土壤中单作及与10种草本植物（高丹草,苏丹草,狼尾草,黑麦草,苦卖菜,菊苣,籽粒苋,三叶草,紫花苜蓿,紫云英）间作的Cd积累效应与对Cd污染土壤的修复效果.结果表明：不同间作处理对空心菜茎叶与根中Cd含量有显著影响,其中,空心菜与高丹草、苏丹草、狼尾草间作后,空心菜茎叶Cd含量显著降低,空心菜茎叶Cd的消减率分别达到34.0%、35.8%、34.3%;菊苣、籽粒苋、三叶草、紫花苜蓿及紫云英与空心菜间作对空心菜茎叶Cd吸收有不同程度促进作用.间作的不同草本植物对土壤中Cd的吸收间有显著差异,地上部Cd含量范围1.81~12.87mg/kg,最大相差7.1倍;不同间作植物茎叶中Cd含量大小为：苦荬菜 > 菊苣 > 苏丹草≈黑麦草 > 高丹草≈狼尾草 > 紫花苜蓿≈籽粒苋 > 三叶草≈紫云英.不同草本植物与空心菜间作对土壤Cd移除率为0.35%~1.49%,其中,高丹草、苏丹草、狼尾草对土壤Cd的移除率分别达到1.46%、1.49%和1.48%;高丹草、苏丹草、狼尾草间作不仅可以有效降低空心菜Cd含量,同时对污染土壤中Cd具有较高的移除率,在Cd污染农田土壤的间作修复中具有较好的应用价值.     

网络系统最佳震灾对策研究：以古交市供水系统为例

以古交市供水管网系统为例,运用网络分析法分析现有网络系统的可靠性,并提出改进措施,为古交市的供水系统提供最佳震灾对策．