Larval metamorphosis of the mussel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mytilus galloprovincialis</Emphasis> in response to <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alteromonas</Emphasis> sp. 1: evidence for two chemical cues?

Bacterial isolates from multi-species biofilms were identified by 16S rDNA gene sequences and investigated for their inductive effects as monospecific biofilms on larval metamorphosis of Mytilus galloprovincialis. Alteromonas sp. 1 biofilm was found to have inductive activity, which increased with increasing cell density. The cue(s) of Alteromonas sp. 1 biofilm responsible for inducing larval metamorphosis was further investigated. Treatment of the biofilm with formalin, ethanol, heat or ultraviolet irradiation resulted in a significant reduction in the inductive activity of Alteromonas sp. 1, and the crude extract of surface-bound products of the biofilm showed no activity. These results indicated that if the cue was a surface-bound chemical cue, it was unstable, or susceptible to the treatments or the extraction process. On the other hand, the inductive activity of treated biofilms had a linear regression to the cell survival of bacteria, indicating a metabolically active biofilm was a requirement for larval metamorphosis. Conditioned water of the biofilm did not induce larvae to metamorphose. However, larval crawling behavior in the conditioned water was the same as that in the biofilm prior to larval metamorphosis, and significantly different to larval behavior in seawater. This indicated that a potential or partial waterborne cue existed, but remained inactive when alone. A synergistic effect of the conditioned water with formalin-fixed Alteromonas sp. 1 biofilm resulted in a significant increase in larval metamorphosis. Heat treatment and fractionation of the conditioned water demonstrated that the waterborne cue was heat-stable and <3,000 Da in molecular weight. Platinum-coating, Lentil Lectin and Wheat Germ Agglutinin treatments of the formalin-fixed biofilm significantly reduced its synergistic effect with the conditioned water, suggesting that a surface-bound cue was present on the biofilm and that the cue might be associated with the bacterial exopolysaccharide or glycoprotein. Evidence presented here suggests that two chemical cues derived from bacteria act synergistically on larval metamorphosis of Mytilus galloprovincialis.     

丙烯腈二元共聚物超滤膜的研制

本文对丙烯腈-甲基丙烯酸甲酯二元共聚物(PAN)超滤膜的成膜过程及膜分离性能进行了研究。结果表明:由PAN-双溶剂-酯类铸膜液制成的超滤膜对牛血清蛋白的截留率(R)为97.62％,通量(f)为84.96ml/cm~2.h.通过电子显微镜扫描观察膜底、表层以及膜断面的结构,对膜的形成机理与膜分离性能进行了研究,证明PAN是一种性能良好的新型膜材料,用PAN二元共聚物超滤膜对α-粉酶进行超滤浓缩试验,取得了较好的结果。     

菌株NKS-3对溴氨酸脱色特性探讨

从受溴氨酸污染地筛选出菌株ＮＫＳ－ ３ ,它对溴氨酸有脱色作用。菌株生长随碳源浓度增加而旺盛,溴氨酸能刺激菌株生长。溴氨酸浓度即使达到１０００ ｍｇ／Ｌ 也能被菌株基本脱色。研究发现,盐度抑制菌生长,在含盐培养液中溴氨酸的脱色过程被抑制     

硼氢化钾吹气—分光光度法测定污水中硫化物

污水样品用硼氢化钾片剂酸性氢化反应,使硫化物同酸作用转化为Ｈ２Ｓ,并被氢气吹出,以ＮａＯＨ溶液吸收,再用对氨基二甲基苯胺光度法测定。为了应急监测,研制了ＬＳ－１型硫化物快速测试预装置,配用ＤＲ／２０００型便携式分光光度计,可在现场进行了水中硫化物的快速监测。．     

环境污染纠纷调处与环境行政处罚之区别浅析——兼与章锦华同志商榷

指出了环境污染纠纷调处与环境行政处罚的性质，程序，结果等均不相同，在理论上不能将两者混一谈，实践中应区别对待。     

提高潜流式人工湿地氮去除率的方法研究进展

潜流式人工湿地能够有效地去除舍碳有机污染物。但一般对舍氮污染物的去除效果相对较弱。针对这一问题，在参考国内外前人研究的基础上。总结并提出了提高污水中氮去除率的方法。指出应根据实际情况选择合适的植物和基质来构造湿地系统．通过增加一些必要的工程措施和改变一些管理手段如间歇运作及其他方法可增加湿地系统内部的溶解氧量来创造去除氮所需环境．还可通过对湿地系统进行工艺优化设计等措施来提高潜流式人工湿地氮去除率。     

阿尔山-柴河旅游区环境监测探讨

本文从阿尔山--柴河旅游区的自然环境现状出发,探讨了在此进行环境监测的必要性.     

交替冻融对东北典型土壤浸提液碳氮污染指标的影响

以黑土、暗棕壤和水稻土为例,试验研究了交替冻融对土壤溶解性污染物的影响.结果表明,15次交替冻融后(在-20和20 ℃进行冻融处理),黑土浸提液的ρ(COD_Cr)下降了36%,水稻土浸提液上升了8%,暗棕壤浸提液未出现明显变化;黑土浸提液的ρ(NH₄+-N)下降了22%,水稻土浸提液上升了84%,暗棕壤浸提液未出现明显变化;黑土和暗棕壤浸提液的ρ(NO₃--N)分别上升了1.3和1.1倍,而水稻土未出现明显变化.土壤浸提液ρ(COD_Cr),ρ(NH₄+-N)和ρ(NO₃--N)的变化主要取决于土壤含氧水平,有氧条件下浸提液的ρ(COD_Cr)和ρ(NH₄+-N)降低而ρ(NO₃--N)升高,缺氧条件下则相反.土壤浸提液的ρ(TN)主要取决于土壤C/N,冻融后黑土、暗棕壤和水稻土浸提液的ρ(TN)分别上升了30%,35%和39%.      

珠海市民及高校学生对垃圾分类和减废的认识和参与调查比较研究

珠海市在垃圾分类和减废相关政策的执行过程中,市民的意识和参与起着至关重要的作用。本研究对珠海市民及高校学生有关垃圾分类和减废的观念和行为进行问卷调查,对垃圾分类和减废的现状和困难进行了分析、比较和探讨,并对问题的解决提出了建议。     

污染减排预警系统设计

随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,污染物的排放量也越来越大,节能减排已经成为中国最重要的环保政策。要想实现节能减排,关键是实现从末端治理到污染预防的转变。本设计从源头控制的角度出发,结合中国社会经济的发展情况,运用预警理论和多种数学分析工具,研究建立了基于中国两大约束性指标SO2和COD的污染减排预警系统。该系统旨在对中国各省份的污染减排状况趋势进行预测和评估预警,最终通过一组类似于交通信号灯的标志发布预警信号,从而更加直观地反映出全国各省市的减排形势,为决策者提供形象、直观的理论依据。