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231.
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南四湖内源氮磷释放的对比研究 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
采用柱状沉积物采样器和Peeper间隙水采集器分别于2011年8月获取南四湖不同湖区原位柱状沉积物和间隙水,通过原柱样静态释放实验及间隙水分子扩散模型对其氮磷释放规律进行了研究.结果表明,南四湖不同湖区夏季氮磷界面交换速率差异显著,静态释放实验沉积物NH4+-N和PO43--P的释放速率分别为3.1~10.3 mg·m-2· d-1和0.3~2.7mg·m-2· d-1,总体呈北高南低的趋势,南阳湖明显大于其他各湖区,这与其距离济宁市区较近,沉积物受污染较重有关.Peeper法与离心法分别获取不同湖区间隙水,利用分子扩散模型计算出NH4+-N和PO43--P的释放速率分别为3.69~4.51 mg·m--2·d-1、0.24 ~0.66 mg·m-2·d-1和2.54~4.16 mg·m-2·d-1、0.04~0.51 mg·m-2·d-1,同一采样点,Peeper法计算出释放速率比传统离心法高出约20%.通过静态释放实验获得的NH4+-N和PO43--P释放速率(R)在空间分布上与间隙水分子扩散模型计算出的结果相一致,但前者明显大于后者,将其进行比较,氮和磷的R/F值分别为0.84 ~2.64和2.03 ~13.79,表明原柱样静态模拟实验进行内源释放速率估算时,可能比分子扩散模型法计算的结果更接近于实际情况. 相似文献
233.
离子选择电极法测定氟化物作为一种成熟的测定方法被广泛应用环境监测等领域.本实验采用离子选择电极法测定土壤中氟含量.但样品前处理过程较复杂,极易造成测定结果的偏离.通过反复实验和比较我们对实验条件进行了优化,同时通过对该方法的准确度和精密度的测试,得到了较好的结果,适合且能满足土壤调查等样品量较大的测定工作要求. 相似文献
234.
Photochemical reactions can alter the transformation of sedimentary organic matter into dissolved organic matter (DOM) and affect its ultimate fate in water ecosystems. In the present study, the photorelease of DOM and Fe from resuspended lake sediments was investigated under different O2 and NO3? concentration conditions to study the mechanisms of DOM and Fe photorelease. The amount of photoreleased Fe, which ranged from 0.22 to 0.70 μmol/L, was significantly linearly correlated with the amount of photoreleased DOM. O2 and NO3? could promote the photochemical release of DOM and Fe, especially during the initial 4 h irradiation. In general, the order of the photorelease rates of DOM and Fe under different conditions was as follows: NO3?/aerobic > aerobic ≈ NO3?/anaerobic > anaerobic. The photorelease rates of DOM and Fe were higher for the initial 4 hr irradiation than these for the subsequent 8 hr irradiation. The photorelease of DOM and Fe is thought to proceed via direct photodissolution and indirect processes. The relative contributions of indirect processes (>60%) was much greater than that of direct photodissolution (<40%). The photoproduced H2O2 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions indicated that hydroxyl radicals (?OH) are involved in the photorelease of DOM. Using ?OH scavengers, it was found that 38.7%, 53.7%, and 77.6% of photoreleased DOM was attributed to ?OH under anaerobic, aerobic, and NO3?/aerobic conditions, respectively. Our findings provide insights for understanding the mechanisms and the important role of ?OH in the DOM and Fe photorelease from resuspended sediments. 相似文献
235.
2014年1月-2014年12月期间,在大连市对PM2.5的质量浓度和含碳气溶胶进行了在线连续观测,获得了不同季节的含碳气溶胶的变化特征.观测结果显示:大连市PM2.5中有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)的年平均质量浓度分别为6.9 μg/m3和2.9 μg/m3,OC和EC浓度之和占PM2.5的18%,表明碳质气溶胶是大连市大气细粒子中的重要组分.OC和EC的比值表明机动车尾气、燃煤排放和船舶排放是大连市PM2.5中OC和EC的主要来源.重污染过程期间OC/EC的比值和PM2.5的变化趋势呈负相关关系可以作为判定外来污染输送的一个重要指标. 相似文献
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237.
Jia He Cun-Kuan Bao Ting-Fei Shu Xiao-Xue Yun Dahe Jiang Lex BrwonAuthor vitae 《Environmental Impact Assessment Review》2011,31(6):549-560
Sustainable development or sustainability has been highlighted as an essential principle in urban master planning, with increasing recognition that uncontrollable urbanization may well give rise to various issues such as overexploitation of natural resources, ecosystem destruction, environmental pollution and large-scale climate change. Thus, it is deemed necessary to modify the existing urban and regional administrative system so as to cope with the challenges urban planning is being confronted with and realize the purpose of urban sustainability. This paper contributed to proposing a mechanism which helps to make urban planning with full consideration of issues with respect to sustainable development. We suggested that the integration of urban planning, SEA and ecological planning be a multi-win strategy to offset deficiency of each mentioned political tool being individually applied. We also proposed a framework where SEA and ecological planning are fully incorporated into urban planning, which forms a two-way constraint mechanism to ascertain environmental quality of urban planning, although in practice, planning and SEA processes may conditionally be unified. Moreover, as shown in the case study, the integration of the three political tools may be constrained due to slow changes in the contextual factors, in particular the political and cultural dimensions. Currently within the context of China, there may be three major elements which facilitate integration of the three political tools, which are (1) regulatory requirement of PEIA on urban planning, (2) the promotion or strong administrative support from government on eco-district building, and (3) the willingness of urban planners to collaborate with SEA experts or ecologists. 相似文献
238.
从教学资源、实训基地、实训项目、学生管理、评价体系五个方面对影响艺术设计专业实践教学规范管理因素进行分析,总结出艺术设计专业实践教学独特性与规律性并存的特点,在此基础上进一步阐明了艺术设计专业实践教学在教学资源管理、实训基地管理、实训项目管理、学生管理等方面的具体作法,并且对艺术设计专业实践教学规范化管理的实效性进行了深入探讨。 相似文献
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