Low-temperature plasma induced phosphate groups onto coffee residue-derived porous carbon for efficient U(VI) extraction

For the continuous utilization of nuclear energy and efficient control of radioactive pollution, low-cost materials with high efficient U(VI) removal are of great importance. In this study, low temperature plasma method was applied for the successful modification of O-phosphorylethanolamine (O-PEA) on the porous carbon materials. The produced materials (Cafe/O-PEA) could adsorb U(VI) efficiently with the maximum sorption capacity of 648.54 mg/g at 1 hr, T=298 K, and pH=6.0, much higher than those of most carbon-based composites. U(VI) sorption was mainly controlled by strong surface complexation. From FTIR, SEM-EDS and XPS analyses, the sorption of U(VI) was related to the complexation with -NH₂, phosphate and -OH groups on Cafe/O-PEA. The low temperature plasma method was an efficient, environmentally friendly and low-cost method for surface modification of materials for the effective enrichment of U(VI) from aqueous solutions.     

生物炭对土壤中硫的迁移转化及植物有效性的影响研究

土壤中的硫是作物生长发育不可缺少的营养元素,也是合成植物体内蛋白质、核酸等的重要组成成分.硫素是不可再生资源,充分合理的利用现有的硫素资源,对于保持硫素的循环平衡具有重要意义.生物炭一般指农林废弃物在厌氧或缺氧条件下高温热解生成的一种富碳颗粒,因其在土壤性质改良等方面的广泛应用而备受关注.生物炭施入土壤,将直接或间接影响土壤中硫的植物有效性.评述了生物炭对土壤中硫素有效性的重要研究进展,为生物炭的农业应用提供参考价值.     

鼠李糖脂对铜绿假单胞菌NY3表面特性及其烃降解效率的影响

研究了鼠李糖脂对NY3菌表面特性及其降解烃类物质的影响作用.结果表明,与未加鼠李糖脂相比,原油含量为1000 mg·L-1,鼠李糖脂100 mg·L-1时,生长24和48 h,NY3菌细胞净生长量分别提高8.60和6.68倍,且产酸明显,原油中正二十六烷至正三十三烷降解效率可提高约60%.分别以LB培养基和十六烷为唯一碳源的无机盐培养基生长的NY3菌体(OD400nm=1.68±0.08),与100 mg·L-1的鼠李糖脂作用1.5h,菌体表面疏水性分别增加32%、6%;且以LB培养基生长的NY3菌细胞,在鼠李糖脂和十六烷存在下作用90 min,菌细胞所积聚的正十六烷量比未加鼠李糖脂时增加了1.10 nmol·mg-1干菌,说明鼠李糖脂能加快疏水性有机物的传质速度.红外光谱分析结果表明,与未加鼠李糖脂相比,鼠李糖脂使菌体细胞中疏水性脂肪链的相对含量明显增加.因此,鼠李糖脂能增加菌体的表面疏水性,加快烃类的传质速率,从而促进NY3菌对烃的降解.     

高级氧化法处理抗生素废水研究进展

针对抗生素废水的处理,详细阐述了芬顿氧化法、光催化氧化法、电化学氧化法、电催化氧化法、低温等离子体法等各种高级氧化法的机理及效果,对比分析了各种处理方法的优缺点,指出了目前抗生素废水处理方法存在的问题,并对抗生素废水处理技术的未来发展进行了展望。     

超声波和零价铁联用对氯代苯酚脱氯降解作用的研究

采用超声波和零价铁联用对氯代有机物3氯苯酚(CP)、2,4-二氯苯酚(DCP)和2,4,6-三氯苯酚(TCP)模拟废水进行了脱氯处理研究。以单因素法, 考察了铁粉初始投加量、溶液的初始浓度、超声波功率和溶液的pH值等因素对氯代酚降解的影响,并探讨了降解反应动力学。结果表明,超声波和零价铁联用对氯酚具有显著的降解效果,当水样初始浓度为25 mg/L,溶液pH呈弱酸性,超声波功率为200 W时,氯代酚的脱氯效率达到最大值。降解反应符合准一级反应,CP、DCP和TCP的反应速率常数分别0.0613 h^-1、0.374 h^-1和0.197 h^-1。     

镁盐改性活性炭对普拉红B的吸附性能研究

运用化学沉淀-原位复合法制得氢氧化镁/活性炭复合材料(Mg(OH)2/AC),对其比表面积和XRD谱进行了表征,考察了该复合材料对普拉红B的脱色性能.结果表明,在293～313 K下,Langmuir模型和Freundlich模型都能很好地描述Mg(OH)2/AC对普拉红B的等温吸附过程,而Langmuir模型更为合适...     

植物源杀虫剂川楝素对环境生物安全性评价

评价农药对环境中非靶标生物的毒性是新农药开发应用的重要环节.依据国家环境保护局"化学农药环境安全评价试验准则",测定了78%川楝素原粉和0.5%川楝素乳油对生态环境中非靶标生物的毒性,并进行了安全性评价.结果表明,川楝素原粉对鹌鹑、家蚕、蜜蜂、蚯蚓、瓢虫、蝌蚪等非靶标生物均为低毒;川楝素乳油对家蚕、蜜蜂、蚯蚓、瓢虫等均为低毒,对家蚕的生长发育具有一定的影响,对鹌鹑中毒,对蝌蚪高毒.可见,植物源杀虫剂川楝素对环境非靶标生物毒性低、较为安全,但在水田及桑园应慎用0.5%川楝素乳油.     

Solubilization of DNAPLs by mixed surfactant: reduction in partitioning losses of nonionic surfactant

Efforts to remediate the dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) by mobilizing them face with risks of driving the contaminants deeper into aquifer zones. This spurs research for modifying the approach for in situ remediation. In this paper, a novel solubilization of DNAPLs by mixed nonionic and anionic surfactant, Triton X-100 (TX100) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), was presented and compared with those by single ones. Given 1:40 phase ratio of DNAPL:water (v/v) and the total surfactant concentration from 0.2 to 10gl(-1), mixed TX100-SDBS at the total mass ratios of 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 exhibited significant solubilization for the DNAPLs, trichloroethene (TCE), chlorobenzene (CB) and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (1,2-DCB). The solubilization extent by mixed TX100-SDBS was much larger than by single TX100 and even larger than by single SDBS at the ratios of 1:1 and 1:3, respectively. TX100 partitioning into the organic phase dictated the solubilization extent. The TX100 losses into TCE, CB and 1,2-DCB phases were more than 99%, 97% and 97% when single TX100 was used. With SDBS alone, no SDBS partitioned into DNAPLs was observed and in mixed systems, SDBS decreased greatly the partition loss of TX100 into DNAPLs. The extent of TX100 partition decreased with increasing the amount of SDBS. The mechanism for reduction of TX100 partition was discussed. TX100 and SDBS formed mixed micelles in the solution phase. The inability of SDBS to partition into DNAPLs and the mutual affinity of SDBS and TX100 in the mixed micelle controlled the partitioning of TX100 into DNAPL phase. The work presented here demonstrates that mixed nonionic-anionic surfactants would be preferred over single surfactants for solubilization remediation of DNAPLs, which could avoid risks of driving the contaminants deeper into aquifers and decrease the surfactant loss and remediation cost.     

β－环糊精改性猪粪生物炭对水中四环素的吸附特性及机制

为了从源头控制抗生素污染以及达到“以废治废”的目的,以猪粪为原料制备猪粪生物炭(SMBC),以β－环糊精(β－CD)为改性剂制得改性猪粪生物炭(β-SMBC)。通过元素分析、比表面积分析、SEM和FTIR等对SMBC和β-SMBC的组成、形貌和结构进行表征。以四环素(TC)为目标污染物,考察了溶液pH、吸附剂投加量和温度对其吸附TC的影响,研究了SMBC和β-SMBC对水中TC的吸附特性及机制。结果表明：溶液pH对SMBC和β-SMBC吸附TC的影响较大,在酸性条件下更有利于TC的吸附。SMBC和β-SMBC对TC的吸附动力学均能被准二级动力学方程很好地描述,吸附过程主要包括液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散两个阶段。同时,Freundlich模型能更好的描述TC在SMBC和β-SMBC上的吸附行为,最大吸附量分别为35.050和53.503 mg·g⁻¹。与SMBC相比,β-SMBC对TC的吸附效果更好,且主要的吸附机制为静电作用、氢键作用和π-π相互作用。热力学结果表明,SMBC和β-SMBC对TC的吸附是一个自发的吸热过程。上述结果表明,β-SMBC对TC具有较强的吸附性能且其重复利用性好,是一种在抗生素废水处理领域具有应用前景的高效、可再生吸附材料。     

表面活性剂增效修复土壤有机污染研究进展

系统评述了表面活性剂增效修复土壤有机污染的原理、研究现状及存在的问题。