新型复合无机高分子混凝剂——聚硅氯化铝(PASC)的净水效果研究

采用共聚方法制备了系列具有不同碱化度（B）和Al/Si摩尔比的聚硅氯化铝（PASC），比较了它们与聚合氯化铝（PAC）的混凝效果及在处理后水中的残留铝含量，研究了B值和pH值对其残留铝含量的影响情况。探讨了PASC的混凝效果和残留铝含量与Al/Si摩尔比之间的关系。结果表明，PASC较PAC具有更好的混凝效果和较低的残留铝含量。对于高浊度水而言，具有适宜Al/Si摩尔比的PASC才具有良好的混凝效果，但对中、低浊度的地表水和含油废水而言，在实验的Al/Si摩尔比范围内，其值越小，混凝效果就越好。PASC在水体中的残留铝含量随着Al/Si摩尔比的降低和B值的升高而下降。PASC和PAC在中性pH条件下具有最低的残留铝含量。     

略论建设长江经济带

强调指出长江沿岸地区是我国本世纪末或更长时期内重点开发的地区之一,论述了建设长江经济带的必要性和长江流域的资源秉赋,提出了建设长江经济带的基本构想以及应采取的战略措施。     

Purification, characterization and application of dual coagulants containing chitosan and different Al species in coagulation and ultrafiltration process

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different Al species and chitosan (CS) dosages on coagulation performance, floc characteristics (floc sizes, strength and regrowth ability and fractal dimension) and membrane resistance in a coagulation–ultrafiltration hybrid process. Results showed that different Al species combined with humic acid in diverse ways. Al_a had better removal efficiency, as determined by UV₂₅₄ and dissolved organic carbon, which could be further improved by the addition of CS. In addition, the optimal dosage of different Al species was determined to be 4.0 mg/L with the CS concentration of 1.0 mg/L, by orthogonal coagulation experiments. Combining Al_a/Al_b/Al_c with CS resulted in larger flocs, higher recovery, and higher fractal dimension values corresponding to denser flocs; in particular, the floc size at the steady state stage was four times larger than that obtained with Al species coagulants alone. The results of ultrafiltration experiments indicated that the external fouling percentage was significantly higher than that of internal fouling, at around 85% and 15%, respectively. In addition, the total membrane resistance was significantly decreased due to CS addition.     

改性玉米秸秆对水溶液中硝酸根的吸附动力学研究

为了将玉米秸秆资源化,成为一种能够有效去除水及废水中硝酸根的吸附剂,将玉米秸秆进行化学改性制备了阴离子交换剂.重点研究了改性玉米秸秆对硝酸根的吸附热力学及动力学特性.结果表明,改性玉米秸秆对硝酸根的吸附均符合Langmuir等温模式和Freundlich等温模式.在20℃和40℃条件下的最大吸附量分别为80.8407 mg·g-1和72.7273 mg·g-1.吸附过程放热,降低温度有利于吸附的进行.改性玉米秸秆对硝酸根的吸附为快速吸附过程,30min内即可达到吸附平衡.改性玉米秸秆对不同初始浓度硝酸根的吸附过程均为一级反应,吸附过程受液膜扩散和颗粒内扩散同时控制.研究结果表明,改性玉米秸秆是一种良好的硝酸根吸附剂.     

高浓度聚硅氯化铝(PASC)中铝的水解-聚合特性研究

以铝酸钠为碱化剂,采用缓慢滴碱法合成了高浓度(2.0mol.L-1左右)具有不同Si/Al摩尔比的聚硅氯化铝复合混凝剂(PASC).采用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法、碱式滴定法和红外光谱分析,研究了铝的形态分布、水解-聚合历程及铝硅间的相互作用.实验结果表明,Al-Ferron络合动力学符合At=A0+A1[1-exp(-kb1t]+A2[-exp(-kb2t)];在PASC中,硅酸钠和铝的水解产物间存在着相互作用,这种作用对铝的水解-聚合历程和形态分布有不同程度的影响.用铝酸钠制备PASC时有利于Al的形态由低聚物向中、高聚物转化,且随着PASC中Si/Al比的增加生成多核羟铝配合物的能力逐渐增强.     

可持续发展战略与长江流域经济开发

可持续发展已 成为世界性话题和全球共同任务。流江流域经济开发必须走可持续发展之路,”决不能吃粗宗饭,断子孙路,走浪费资源和先污染,后治理的路子”。长江流域淡水,矿产,生物旅游景观人才智力等资源丰富,但也存在对经济社会发展 不利的制约因素。必须扭转流域经济开发中重开发轻治理,急功近得、“靠山吃山、靠水吃水”开发目标单一等作法,实行统敌兼顾,分工协作;治理开发,综合利用;优势互补,利益均沾;细水长流,     

Fertilizer drawn forward osmosis as an alternative to 2nd pass seawater reverse osmosis: Estimation of boron removal and energy consumption

• The boron concentration in diluted DS can satisfy the irrigation water standard. • The boron concentration in diluted DS equaled that in two-pass RO permeate. • FDFO process SEC was slightly lower than the 2nd pass RO SEC. • FDFO has potential as an alternative to 2nd pass RO for irrigation water production. Agriculture is the largest consumer of freshwater. Desalinated seawater is an important alternative water source for sustainable irrigation. However, some issues of the current desalination technology hinder its use for agriculture irrigation, including low boron removal and high energy consumption. This study systematically explored the feasibility of employing fertilizer drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) as an alternative to 2nd pass reverse osmosis (RO) by considering the boron removal performance and specific energy consumption (SEC). Different operating conditions were investigated, such as the boron and NaCl concentrations in feed solution (FS), draw solution (DS) concentration, pH, the volume ratio of FS to DS, membrane orientation, flow rate, and operating temperature. The results indicated that a low boron concentration in FS and high pH DS (pH= 11.0) decreased the boron solute flux, and led to low final boron concentration in the DS. The other operating conditions had negligible influence on the final DS boron concentration. Also, a lower flow rate and higher specific water flux with certain permeate water volumes were conducive to reducing the SEC of the FDFO process. Overall, our study paves a new way of using FDFO in irrigation, which avoids the phytotoxicity and human health risk of boron. The results show the potential of FDFO as an alternative to 2nd pass RO for irrigation water production.     

聚合氯化铝铁絮凝剂的性能及应用

本文报道了聚合氯化铝铁（ＰＡＦＣ）絮凝剂对分散染料和活性染料的脱色效果和ＰＡＦＣ现场处理石化厂、钢铁厂。煤矿废水的效果。ＰＡＦＣ对分散染料具有良好的脱色效果，对石化厂、钢铁厂及煤矿废水也具有良好的净化效果。ＰＡＦＣ是一种高效稳定的新型净水剂。     

PACS絮凝除油效果及其数学模型研究

ＰＡＣＳ作为一种处理油田含油污水的高效絮凝剂，目前已在油田含油污水的净化中得到了广泛的应用。本文就不同的ＰＡＣＳ投加量对不同含油量的油田含油污水的除油效果，进行了实验研究，得到了一系列实验结果，并根据所得结果通过模型识别和多参数最优估计方法，建立了除油率与ＰＡＣＳ的投加量和含油污水含油量之间的非线性数学模型，得到了令人满意的结果。     

垃圾卫生填埋场卫生防护距离标准研究

根据我国大气环境质量标准，参照美国，日本等国对居住区的污染物容许浓度，提出了佛山市南海狮中垃圾卫生填埋卫生防护距离标准的建议值。