不同电荷的聚丙烯酰胺对焦化废水的絮凝性能研究

以聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)为混凝剂,以阴离子型、阳离子型和非离子型聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)分别为助凝剂,研究了三种PAM对焦化废水的絮凝性能。从对废水初始浊度变化的适应性、絮凝剂用量、处理效果和处理费用等几个方面比较了三种PAM絮凝性能的差异,并对絮凝机理进行了分析。对于焦化废水的絮凝处理,发现三种PAM中非离子PAM具有最好的应用性。最后对非离子PAM的最佳用量及影响因素进行了考察。最佳条件下,浊度去除率可达85%以上,但是COD去除率较低为6%左右,这与悬浮颗粒对COD的贡献较小有关。     

Synchronous removal of CuO nanoparticles and Cu2+ by polyaluminum chloride-Enteromorpha polysaccharides: Effect of Al species and pH

Copper oxide nanomaterials have been extensively applied and can have serious impacts when discharged into the aquatic environment, especially when complexed with humic acid (HA) to form composite contaminants. As an innovative recycled coagulant aid, Enteromorpha polysaccharides (Ep) were associated with polyaluminum chloride (PACl) (denoted as PACl-Ep) to simultaneously remove CuO nanoparticles, Cu²⁺ and HA in this study. The influence of different Al species coagulants (AlCl₃, PACl_b and PACl_c) and water pH on coagulation performance, floc properties and reaction mechanisms was investigated in detail. Results showed that in the three PACl-Ep systems, PACl_b-Ep gave the highest removal efficiencies for turbidity and Cu²⁺, and the best UV₂₅₄ removal effect was reached by using PACl_c-Ep. Higher contents of Al_b and Al_c contributed to great coagulation performance because of their stronger bridging and sweeping effects. For all the Al species coagulants, alkalescent conditions were more conducive to removing Cu and HA compared to acidic conditions. Additionally, smaller and more agminated flocs with great recovery ability were formed by PACl_b-Ep and PACl_c-Ep systems (bridging and enmeshment effects cooperated with the chelated reticular structure formed by the Ep and Al species). Similarly, due to the increased hydrolysis and hydroxide precipitates, flocs formed under the condition of alkalescence were smaller, denser and stronger compared with weakly acidic conditions.     

利用透射电镜研究PACS的形态及絮凝机理

借助于透射电技术观察了稀释作用及ＰＨ值对ＰＡＣＳ聚全形态的影响，研究了搅拌作用及ＰＡＣＳ投量对ＰＡＣＳ絮凝高岭土悬浮效果的影响，探讨了ＰＡＣＳ的絮凝机理，结果表明，稀释作用会导ＰＡＣＳ聚合大分了产生芳较小的组分，溶液的ＰＨ值能改变ＰＡＣＳ的形态，在较低ＰＨ值民政部下，ＰＡＣＳ聚合物呈枝化结构，在较高ＰＨ值下，ＰＡＣＳ水解生成Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３胶体物质，ＰＡＣＳＪ 通过吸附电中和及吸附架桥作用便高岭土颗     

聚硅氯化铝(PASC)的形态分布及转化规律Ⅱ.27Al-NMR法研究PASC溶液中铝的形态分布

采用27Al-NMR法比较研究了PASC与PAC中铝的形态分布.实验结果表明,在PASC中,由于聚硅酸与铝水解聚合产物间的相互作用,使得铝的水解聚合形态分布及转化情况发生了变化.在相同B值条件下,PASC中Al单和Al13的含量低于 PAC中相应Al单和Al13的含量,而PASC中Al其它的含量却大于PAC中Al其它的含量,其差值随着碱化度(B)和Al/Si摩尔比的减小而增大.共聚法制备的PASC(共 )与复合法制备的PASC(复)相比较,PASC(复)具有较高的Al单和Al13含量,较低的A l其它含量.这说明制备工艺对PASC中铝的形态分布具有一定的影响.     

PACS的结构特征及絮凝性能研究

制备了碱化度及Ａｌ＾３＋／ＳＯ＾２－４摩尔比不同的系列ＰＡＣＳ，分别进行常压（干燥温度１０５℃）及真空干燥（真空度为－０．０９８ＭＰａ、干燥温度６５℃）制备固体产品。用红外光谱及Ｘ－射线衍射谱研究了碱化度、Ａｌ＾３＋／ＳＯ＾２－４摩尔比、干燥温度对ＰＡＣＳ的结构影响，比较了干燥温度不同对ＰＡＣＳ固体样品的溶解度及絮凝效果的影响，借助于显微电泳测定技术研究不同碱化度及不同Ａｌ＾３＋／ＳＯ＾２－４摩尔     

The application of forward osmosis for simulated surface water treatment by using trisodium citrate as draw solute

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, trisodium citrate was used as draw solute in forward osmosis (FO) due to its biodegradability and easy reuse after FO dilution. The...     

赴英矿山安全卫生科技考察与借鉴

系统地介绍了英国矿山安全卫生科学技术的先进经验和有效措施 ;重点考察了英国国家立法、政府监察、行业管理、工会监督的矿山安全卫生管理经验 ;并研究和分析了煤矿、粉尘监测的具体办法 ;同时结合我国国情 ,提出借鉴英国经验的几点建议。     

微孔曝气氧化沟工艺问题诊断及分析

污水厂升级改造仍是目前水处理研究的热点问题,通过桂林七里店污水厂的微孔曝气氧化沟处理过程进行诊断分析,结果表明,将七里店污水厂微孔曝气氧化沟的一个A/O运行模式改造为2个分段A/O供氧模式,改变进水点,提高氧化沟内梯度脱氮环境,缺氧区和好氧区容积比调整为1∶1.2,氧化沟出水口DO浓度到0.5 mg/L以上,二沉池中NO-3-N平均浓度达到7.2 mg/L,氧化沟到二沉池出水口阶段NH+4-N和PO3-4-P的平均释放量由改造前的3.85和1.69mg/L降低到-0.1和-0.2 mg/L的无释放状态。同时也表明,二沉池中NO-3-N浓度适当可抑制沉淀池中氨氮和磷酸盐的释放,改善出水水质。     

Parallel detection of harmful algae using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction labeling coupled with membrane-based DNA array

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are a global problem, which can cause economic loss to aquaculture industry's and pose a potential threat to human health. More attention must be made on the development of effective detection methods for the causative microalgae. The traditional microscopic examination has many disadvantages, such as low efficiency, inaccuracy, and requires specialized skill in identification and especially is incompetent for parallel analysis of several morphologically similar microalgae to species level at one time. This study aimed at exploring the feasibility of using membrane-based DNA array for parallel detection of several microalgae by selecting five microaglae, including Heterosigma akashiwo, Chaetoceros debilis, Skeletonema costatum, Prorocentrum donghaiense, and Nitzschia closterium as test species. Five species-specific (taxonomic) probes were designed from variable regions of the large subunit ribosomal DNA (LSU rDNA) by visualizing the alignment of LSU rDNA of related species. The specificity of the probes was confirmed by dot blot hybridization. The membrane-based DNA array was prepared by spotting the tailed taxonomic probes onto positively charged nylon membrane. Digoxigenin (Dig) labeling of target molecules was performed by multiple PCR/RT-PCR using RNA/DNA mixture of five microalgae as template. The Dig-labeled amplification products were hybridized with the membrane-based DNA array to produce visible hybridization signal indicating the presence of target algae. Detection sensitivity comparison showed that RT-PCR labeling (RPL) coupled with hybridization was tenfold more sensitive than DNA-PCR-labeling-coupled with hybridization. Finally, the effectiveness of RPL coupled with membrane-based DNA array was validated by testing with simulated and natural water samples, respectively. All of these results indicated that RPL coupled with membrane-based DNA array is specific, simple, and sensitive for parallel detection of microalgae which shows promise for monitoring natural samples in the future.     

A/O-生物膜系统处理煤化工废水

通过在传统A/O工艺好氧池投加聚氨酯填料组成A/O-生物膜复合工艺,建立了一套中试系统,以探讨处理实际煤化工高氨氮工业废水的可行性。结果表明该复合工艺具有很好的抗冲击负荷能力,并且在低温条件下仍能维持很高的去除效果。在温度为10℃以上、进水COD浓度为350～1 100 mg/L、氨氮浓度为80～280 mg/L时,出水COD和氨氮浓度始终维持在60和10 mg/L以下,去除率分别可达到90%和95%以上。低温对系统中悬浮污泥活性的影响比生物膜更大。常温条件下(20℃)生物膜的COD和氨氮降解速率分别为悬浮污泥的1.4和2.5倍,低温条件下(10℃)分别为3.1和3.0倍。