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261.
do Amaral VS Sinigaglia M Reguly ML de Andrade HH 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,139(3):469-476
Mutagenic and recombinagenic activity of surface waters in the Guaíba Hydrographic Region (RS, Brazil) was investigated using the SMART in Drosophila melanogaster. Two positive results in Caí River (September 2000 and August 2001) and in Taquari River (August 2001 and February 2002)--linked to direct recombinagenic toxicants were observed. In Jacuí samples, an indirect mutagenic and recombinagenic action was detected in a September 2000 collection and a direct recombinational activity was observed in February 2002. Also in February 2002--samples from Dilúvio Brook and Guaíba Lake (GPC) were able to induce wing spots by mitotic recombinagenesis. The former sampling site showed toxicants to have a direct action, and the latter an increment in mitotic recombination that depended on metabolic action. The SMART wing test shows that all positive responses were mainly related to homologous mitotic recombination. 相似文献
262.
The acute toxicity of five heavy metals to four species of freshwater ciliates (Colpidium colpoda, Dexiotricha granulosa, Euplotes aediculatus, and Halteria grandinella) was examined in laboratory tests. After exposing the ciliates to soluble compound of cadmium, copper, chromium, lead, and nickel at several selected concentrations, the mortality rate was registered and the LC50 values (with 95% confidence intervals) were calculated. Large differences appeared in sensitivities of the four species to the metals. H. grandinella showed the highest sensitivity for cadmium (0.07 mg l(-1), LC50) and lead (0.12 mg l(-1), LC50), whilst E. aediculatus showed the highest sensitivity for nickel (0.03 mg l(-1), LC50). The comparison with data obtained with other species indicate that Halteria grandinella and Euplotes aediculatus are excellent and convenient bioindicator for evaluating the toxicity of waters and wastewaters polluted by heavy metals. The short time (24 h) and simplicity of the test procedure enable this test to be used in laboratory studies. 相似文献
263.
Jonsson M Dimitriou I Aronsson P Elowson T 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,139(1):157-166
Log yard run-off is a potential environmental risk, among other things because it creates an oxygen deficiency in receiving watercourses. This study was conducted to investigate the purification efficiency of soil-plant systems with couchgrass (Elymus repens) and willows (Salix sp.) when intensively irrigated with run-off from an open sprinkling system at a Norway spruce (Picea abies) log yard. The purification efficiency was determined both at the field scale (couchgrass) and in 68-L lysimeters (couchgrass and willows). Groundwater in the field and drainage water from the lysimeters were analysed for Total Organic Carbon (TOC), distillable phenols, total P, and total N. Retention of TOC, phenols and P occurred but no difference between couchgrass and willows was observed. The system had better purification capacity at the field scale than in the lysimeters. 相似文献
264.
Arsenic chemistry in the rhizosphere of Pteris vittata L. and Nephrolepis exaltata L 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Silva Gonzaga MI Santos JA Ma LQ 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,143(2):254-260
This greenhouse experiment evaluated the influence of arsenic uptake by arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L. and non-arsenic hyperaccumulator Nephrolepis exaltata L. on arsenic chemistry in bulk and rhizosphere soil. The plants were grown for 8 weeks in a rhizopot with a soil containing 105 mg kg(-1) arsenic. The soil arsenic was fractionated into five fractions with decreasing availability: non-specifically bound (N), specifically bound (S), amorphous hydrous-oxide bound (A), crystalline hydrous-oxide bound (C), and residual (R). P. vittata produced larger plant biomass (7.38 vs. 2.32 mg plant(-1)) and removed more arsenic (2.61 vs. 0.09 mg pot(-1) arsenic) than N. exaltata. Plant growth reduced water-soluble arsenic, and increased soil pH (P. vittata only) in the rhizosphere soil. P. vittata was more efficient than N. exaltata to access arsenic from all fractions (39-64% vs. 5-39% reduction). However, most of the arsenic taken up by both plants was from the A fraction (67-77%) in the rhizosphere soil, the most abundant (61.5%) instead of the most available (N fraction). 相似文献
265.
Polati S Gosetti F Gianotti V Gennaro MC 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2006,41(6):765-779
The bioavailability of pollutants, pesticides and/or their degradation products in soil depends on the strength of their sorption by the different soil components, particularly by the clay minerals. This study reports the sorption-desorption behavior of the environmentally hazardous industrial pollutants and certain pesticides degradation products, 3-chloroaniline, 3,4-dichloroaniline, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol on the reference clays kaolinite KGa-1 and Na-montmorillonite SWy-l. In batch studies, 2.0 g of clay were equilibrated with 100.0 mL solutions of each chemical at concentrations ranging from 10.0 to 200.0 mg/L. The uptake of the compounds was deduced from the results of HPLC-UV-Vis analysis. The lipophilic species were best retained by both clay materials. The most lipophilic chemical used in the study, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline, was also the most strongly retained, with sorption of up to 8 mg/g. In desorption experiments, which also relied on HPLC-UV-Vis technique, 2,4,6-trichloroaniline was the least desorbed from montmorillonite. However, on kaolinite all of the compounds under study were irreversibly retained. The experimental data have been modelled according to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. A hypothesis is proposed concerning the sorption mechanism and potential applications of the findings in remediation strategies have been suggested. 相似文献
266.
Pateira de Fermentelos is a Cértima River enlargement, close to its river mouth (by the Agueda River), where the introduction of agricultural chemicals such as fertilisers and pesticides, domestic sewage, as well as heavy metals from electroplating industries, results in increased water pollution. The present research work concerns a 48 h in situ exposure of caged eels (Anguilla anguilla L.) at the Pateira de Fermentelos. Five exposure sites were selected, i.e., site A, site B, site C, site D and site E in order to study its water genotoxicity potential, measured in gill, blood, liver and kidney as DNA strand breaks. Eels were also exposed at a reference site by the Cértima River spring. Bottom water samples were collected for further physical-chemical analysis. Site A exposure, significantly decreased gill, blood and liver DNA integrity. Gill and liver DNA integrity was also significantly decreased at site B. At site C only blood DNA integrity was significantly decreased. The present field in situ study demonstrated that the three exposure sites close to the Pateira initial part, such as A, B and C are polluted by pro and/or genotoxic compounds. The genotoxic effects induced in A. anguilla L. suggest a different contamination of the exposure sites A, B and C, in genotoxic chemicals. Thus, according to its genotoxic potential the exposure sites A, B and C, may be ordered as follows site A>site B>site C. No genotoxic effects on A. anguilla L. were observed at site E as DNA strand breaks increase. 相似文献
267.
234U and 230Th determination by FIA-ICP-MS and application to uranium-series disequilibrium in marine samples 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Godoy ML Godoy JM Kowsmann R Dos Santos GM Petinatti da Cruz R 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2006,88(2):109-117
A 234U and 230Th determination method based on an extraction chromatographic separation on a flow injection system coupled to a quadruple ICP-MS was developed. Two-milliliter UTEVA (Eichrom Co.) cartridges were applied as separation tool and 236U and 229Th as spikes. Loading and washing steps were carried out in 3 M HNO3 solution and 0.05 M ammonium oxalate applied to elute both uranium and thorium. The method was applied initially to the IAEA-327 soil reference sample and NIST SRM 4357 ocean sediment reference material, with the obtained 234U and 230Th concentrations in agreement with the reference levels. Samples from a deep-sea sediment core (2450 m water depth) were analyzed and based on 230Th/234U dating, a mean sedimentation rate of 3.3 cm ky(-1) was calculated. Samples from two sediment layers were also dated by 14C-AMS and the observed ages agree with the 230Th/234U results. 相似文献
268.
在关于改善环境的科学与政策讨论中,最经常提到的话题之一就是如何使小型和中等规模的企业参与进来. 相似文献
269.
Alba Pineda-Solano Lina Saenz-Noval Subramanya Nayak Simon Waldram Maria Papadaki M. Sam Mannan 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2012,90(5):404-410
Alkylpyridine N-oxides are important intermediates in the pharmaceutical and agrochemicals industries. The N-oxides are produced via the homogeneously catalyzed oxidation of the respective alkylpyridines using a 50% excess of hydrogen peroxide. The competitive hydrogen peroxide decomposition produces oxygen in the flammable environment of alkylpyridines and thus forms a key hazard for this reaction. In this work, the N-oxidation was performed under pressure in the temperature range of 110–125 °C with different catalyst concentrations. It was shown that temperature had an undisputable positive effect on the N-oxidation efficiency. The accurate measurement of the pressure rise due to decomposition was difficult. However, only 5% of the added H2O2 decomposed when stoichiometric quantities were employed, even in the temperature of 110 °C. The N-oxidation was very efficient, even when the lowest concentration of catalyst employed in this study was used. 相似文献
270.
Shimabukuro VG Alexandre NM Coluci MZ Rosecrance JC Gallani MC 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2012,18(1):15-26
Physical therapists engage in work tasks that expose them to occupational risk factors related to musculoskeletal disorders. Due to the gap in the literature on instruments focused on those workers, this study adapted a job factors questionnaire to physical therapists, and assessed its psychometric properties. The questionnaire was adapted and its content validity was established. The psychometric properties were evaluated among 142 physical therapists. Reliability was verified using the temporal-stability design and internal consistency. Construct validity was assessed with the known-groups technique. Test-retest results demonstrated intraclass correlation coefficients between .82 and .90 (p < .001). Cronbach's α of .91 verified the reliability of the questionnaire. The known-groups technique demonstrated a statistically significant difference on the scores of the items when physical therapists were compared to office workers. The results indicated that the adapted questionnaire had acceptable psychometric properties for assessing problematic job factors among physical therapists working in hospitals. 相似文献