污水处理厂一体化MBR池技术改造设计

通过对无锡市新城污水处理厂现状一体化MBR池建(构)筑物、工艺设备、管路系统进行技术改造,优化生物处理段的水力流态,降低能耗,改良污泥回流方式,增加膜池可用面积。整个技术改造的完成,满足了工艺设计要求及建设方提出的标准。     

An interval dynamic multimedia fugacity (IDMF) model for environmental fate of PAHs and their source apportionment in a typical oilfield,China

An interval dynamic multimedia fugacity (IDMF) model with a new validation criterion of interval average logarithmic residual error (IALRE) was developed in this study. The environmental fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their source apportionment in a typical oilfield of China were simulated from 1985 to 2010. The PAH concentrations predicted by the model were in agreement with the measured concentrations, which were indicated by the IALREs calculated at 0.41, 0.63, 0.52, and 0.58 for air, water, soil, and sediment, respectively. The multimedia concentrations of Σ16 PAHs were 29.55, 39.22, 31.98, and 26.69 times greater in 2010 than those in 1985, and were higher than any other year modelled. Additionally, 87.82% of PAHs remained in the soil in 2010. PAH source emission into the soil was the major modelled source, whereas PAH degradation in the air was the major modelled loss pathway; the dominant transfer process between the adjacent compartments was atmospheric deposition from air to soil. It was demonstrated that high-temperature combustion was the major source of PAHs in the air and soil, whereas biomass and coal combustion were attributed to water and sediment compartments. The IDMF model was effective in the dynamic source apportionment of PAHs.     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)与卵清白蛋白(OVA)联合染毒对小鼠肺脏和脾脏组织氧化应激的作用

为研究邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(dibutylphthalate,DBP)单独染毒及与卵清白蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)联合染毒对小鼠肺脏和脾脏组织氧化应激的作用,将BALB/c小鼠随机分为8组:(1)未处理对照组(生理盐水组);(2)0.5mg·kg-1DBP染毒组;(3)5.0mg·kg-1DBP染毒组;(4)50mg·kg-1DBP染毒组;(5)1.67mg·kg-1OVA单独染毒组;(6)0.5mg·kg-1DBP与1.67mg·kg-1OVA联合染毒组;(7)5.0mg·kg-1DBP与1.67mg·kg-1OVA联合染毒组;(8)50mg·kg-1DBP与1.67mg·kg-1OVA联合染毒组。未处理对照组和DBP染毒组每天按体质量给予生理盐水和DBP灌胃。2周后,测定肺脏组织活性氧物种(ROS)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量以及脾脏组织ROS、GSH含量。结果显示,联合染毒组相较于其他组的肺脏组织各指标均有不同的显著性差异(P<0.05),联合染毒组的脾脏组织中ROS含量较其他组有显著差异(P<0.05),而GSH含量无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结果说明,DBP与OVA联合染毒能够增强肺脏组织的氧化应激作用,对于脾脏组织的氧化应激作用不明显;DBP在联合染毒中显示一定免疫佐剂效应。     

Large eddy simulation of methane–air deflagration in an obstructed chamber using different combustion models

In this paper, simulations of methane–air deflagration inside a semi-confined chamber with three solid obstacles have been carried out with large eddy simulation (LES) technique. Three sub-grid scale (SGS) combustion models, including power-law flame wrinkling model by Charlette et al., turbulent flame speed closure (TFC) model, and eddy dissipation model (EDM), are applied. All numerical results have been compared to literature experimental data. It is found that the power-law flame wrinkling model by Charlette et al. is able to better predict the generated pressure and other flame features, such as flame structure, position, speed and acceleration against measured data. Based on the power-law flame wrinkling model, the flame–vortex interaction during the deflagration progress is also investigated. The results obtained have demonstrated that higher turbulence levels, induced by obstacles, wrinkle the flame and then increase its surface area, the burning rates and the flame speed.     

一条史料看灾荒

我国历史上灾荒频发,战乱不断,人民身处水火,生存艰难。 《三国志·魏书·武帝纪》中有一条记载:后汉兴平元年(公元194年),水、旱、蝗灾之后,百姓大饥,“是岁,谷斛(十斗)五十余万钱,人相食。”对此,裴松之在《三国志注》中说:“自遭荒乱,率乏粮谷……袁绍之在河北,军士仰食桑椹。袁术在江淮,取给蒲赢     

公共建筑室内空气污染及其控制

建筑应给人们提供良好的空气环境,以满足人体舒适和人体健康的要求。目前公共建筑室内空气污染问题正日益引起人们广泛重视。引起室内空气污染的原因主要有室内污染、室外环境因素以及暖通空调系统3个方面,其产生的污染物种类繁多。在分析产生室内空气污染物的基础上,提出了控制室内空气污染的措施及改善室内空气质量的途径。     

全程自养脱氮耦合反硝化除磷的启动及稳定运行

采用改进型ABR-MBR反应器,接种普通活性污泥,以氨氮为200 mg·L~(-1)、C/N=1的人工配水为处理对象,研究全程自养脱氮耦合反硝化除磷一体式工艺的启动及其脱氮除磷效能.控制反应器运行条件:温度为(25±1)℃,pH=7. 5±0. 2,回流比由50%逐步提升至200%.结果表明,ABR厌氧阶段消耗70%COD,使得在低DO、高氨氮下能够21 d内快速启动部分亚硝化;随后以间歇曝气(曝停比:2 h∶2 h,DO为0. 3～0. 4 mg·L~(-1))的运行方式在132 d内成功启动耦合工艺内的CANON部分,使得ABR缺氧段的电子受体中硝酸盐氮浓度稳步上升,最终于160 d成功启动耦合工艺.稳定运行后,MBR内TN去除负荷达到0. 22 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1),出水各项指标COD、TN和PO_4~(3-)-P去除率分别为87. 0%、90. 4%和81. 8%.批次试验估算ABR内以硝酸氮盐为电子受体的PAOs约占PAOs的68%,系统内已培育出相互适应协作的DPAOs、AOB和An AOB菌种,具有良好同步脱氮除磷效果.     

武钢炼铁厂7~#高炉供料系统槽上除尘设计

介绍了武钢7#高炉供料系统槽上除尘设计的考虑因素,针对各种方法的优缺点,采用了槽上侧边抽风加移动式除尘通风口的除尘工艺,取得了很好的除尘效果。并给出了上料过程中产生的粉尘特性及所采用的除尘设备的主要参数,可供参考。     

海南岛北部地区酸雨的天气影响因素及污染源分析

根据2005年7月—2006年12月海口市发生的19个酸雨个例,对海南岛北部地区酸雨发生的天气背景、致酸物的源地及输送方式进行了天气学分析. 结果表明:海南岛北部地区酸雨的发生无明显季节性;影响海南岛北部地区酸雨形成的天气系统主要有6种,其中冷空气偏东型及热带气旋型2类天气系统产生的酸雨次数最多;致酸物多属远距离输送所致,主要来源于华南地区,部分来源于越南,海南岛本地污染物导致酸雨的个例很少. 海南岛北部地区酸雨的形成不仅与气象条件有关,而且与海南岛的地形地貌有关.      

固定化枯草芽孢杆菌发酵生产捷安肽素

采用吸附固定化细胞技术发酵生产捷安肽素.首先对7种不同的吸附性固体载体进行筛选,发现木屑作为载体效果最好;然后通过正交优化实验和单因素实验确定载体木屑的最佳条件为:粒度0.5～0.6 mm,添加浓度10 g L-1发酵液.为避免吸附法固定的菌体细胞从载体上脱落,尝试在木屑固定化细胞体系中加入粘稠剂以增强吸附性能,运用单因素实验确定了粘稠剂的种类和浓度,即为15 g L-1海藻酸钠.最后应用响应面方法优化固定化细胞发酵培养基及培养条件,结果表明:接种量为10%、黄豆粉水解液总氮浓度为1.7 g L-1发酵液、葡萄糖浓度为33.7 g L-1发酵液时捷安肽素的生物效价最大,达到7 282.08 U,比非固定化细胞培养提高了53.9%.图3表7参17