城市污泥的特性及管道输送技术研究

城市脱水污泥常见的处置方式是焚烧、燃烧发电、堆肥后土地化利用和填埋等。无论采用哪种无害化、资源化处置方法,输送环节都是必不可少的。城市污泥管道输送技术是以管道输送设备为核心,融合城市污泥的预处理和处置工艺的集成化系统。通过对城市污泥的流变特性和输送特性实验测试,其流变方程符合幂定律关系式;通过环管实验拟合出了污泥在管道中的阻力损失与输送距离和输送流量之间的关系,经验证,其理论计算和实际测定基本相符,证明管道输送方式能够成功地应用于城市污泥的远距离输送,为城市污泥管道输送系统的优化设计提供了理论依据。     

A numerical simulation of kinetic constraint on evaporation of ammonium nitrate in diffusion denuder

ＡｎｕｍｅｒｉｃａｌｓｉｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｋｉｎｅｔｉｃｃｏｎｓｔｒａｉｎｔｏｎｅｖａｐｏｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆａｍｍｏｎｉｕｍｎｉｔｒａｔｅｉｎｄｉｆｕｓｉｏｎｄｅｎｕｄｅｒＳｈｅｎＪｉＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａ...     

《斯德哥尔摩公约》的实施进展及相关国际活动研究

本文总结了《斯德哥尔摩公约》签署2年多来,国际社会和世界主要国家为公约的最后生效实施所做努力及公约的执行进展。分析了各国针对履行POPs公约、控制POPs污染影响所采取的国家行动计划及其主要特点。这些相关信息可为我国制定履行POPs公约的国家实施计划(NIP)及相关的策略选择提供依据和参考。     

Regional eco-environmental analysis of Yuxi River-Chaohu Lake

Yuxi River-Chaohu Lake water suffers greatly from the ecological problems of eutrophication, high turbidity, organic pollution, disappearance of littoral macrophyte, bank erosion and reduction of economic fishery products. With Micro-cystis dominant, it is a degenerated and weak ecosystem. Its vicious cycling is caused by too much nutrient load, high spring water level and improper management of the water. The point sources of pollution from cities and industries contribute more than 50% of nutrient load. Soil erosion and fertilizer loss from late rice fields are important factors in non-point nutrient load. The disappearing littoral zone can neither give enough protection for the bank nor provide proper habitats for the biota. The feasibility of " ecological water level proposal" and means to reduce nutrient load are discussed to improve the habitat environment for both the nature and human being.     

Study on the decolorization of dyes by microorganisms

Thirteen strains of bacteria with ability of dye decolonization were isolated from activated sludge and biofilm collected from textile wastewater treatment plants, and identified as Alteromonas, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter. Alcali-genes and Corynobacterium. These strains D33, D32, D4 of Alteromonas can decolorize 29 kinds of dyes with good decolorizing activities of about 2.6 mg dye/gram wet cells.h-1. The optimum pH was 7-8 and the temperature was 37℃. The growth of bacteria was 3 times better in shaking cultures than in static cultures. But the decolorization rate of dyes was 4-9 times more in the latter than in the former. The results from the examination of the reaction products of Diamond Chrome Red B and Diamond Narry Blue RRN indicated the possibility of biodegradation of these dyes by Enterobacter D17.     

Determination of dissolved selenium species in environmental samples

This article reports on the technique for the determination of selenium at ppt level and the procedure for the speciation of dissolved selenium in the environmental samples. By combining the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and a fluorescent detector (FLD), this technique permits the determination of selenium at 0.001 μg/L for Se(IV) and 0.005 μg/L for Se(VI) and the total concentration of selenium for a sample volume of 20 ml. In the speciation procedure, Se(IV) is firstly determined based on the selectivity of 2, 4 - diaminonaphthalene (DAN), the Se (VI) and the total element concentration are determined after reduced to Se(IV) by boiling in 4 mol/L HCl and by digesting in HNO3-HClO4 mixture, respectively. Discussions are given on the relationship between selenium speciation in waters and soil water extract and solution pH, EH and total organic carbon concentration (TOC).     

北京主要农业土壤和粮食作物中若干元素的背景值研究

本工作对北京主要农业土壤(褐土和潮土)和粮食作物(小麦、玉米和水稻)中的Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、F九种元素的背景值进行了研究.对北京的环境地理、采样、分析测定、土壤和作物测定的分布类型和区域间的差异性进行了探讨.所有测定值都用DJS-130型电子计算机进行统计处理。土壤和作物的背景值为正态分布时,用算术平均值及其标准差表示;为对数正态分布时,用几何平均值及其标准差表示.     

依据VOC浓度变化优化场地SVE通风流量的研究

土壤气相抽提(SVE)中挥发性有机污染物(VOC)的扩散速度是确定SVE抽提流量的依据。为了优化场地SVE通风流量,结合试验现场土壤的土质条件和含水率,测试了污染物在不同均质土质中的扩散速度,绘制了污染物浓度随时间变化曲线。研究表明污染物的扩散在不同种土质和含水率的条件下,浓度的变化具有相似规律:快速上升阶段,出现拐点,浓度稳定阶段;在测试的压力场范围内,结合场地不同的抽提流量(Flow rate)的通风以及停止通风进行浓度恢复的试验,同样获取了场地污染物的浓度变化曲线,即场地污染物浓度平衡破坏和浓度平衡的恢复。测试数据显示,不同土质结构的场地内不同区域的污染物浓度恢复曲线和单一土质的污染物扩散具有相同的规律。因此可以采用扩散速度来求解抽提的通风流量。根据室内外的测试数据,文中给出了理论计算的场地优化通风速率建议。     

Spatial and temporal distribution of total ozone over China

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光助电催化降解偶氮染料酸性橙II的降解过程研究

使用自制的具有电催化活性和光催化活性TiO2改性的β-PbO2电极,研究了光助电催化氧化过程、电催化氧化过程和光催化氧化过程对于偶氮染料酸性橙II的降解.用紫外可见光谱和高效液相色谱分析了3种降解过程中不同的降解行为,对降解产物进行了FTIR和GC-MS分析.结果表明,单独电催化过程不同于其它2种过程,出现了醌类物质的大量累积;而在光助电催化氧化过程中,光催化氧化过程大大抑制了电催化氧化过程中累积的高毒性醌类物质.在2h内,光助电催化氧化过程是其它2种过程TOC去除率的1.56倍,产生了明显的协同作用.3种降解过程遵循相同的降解历程,都经历了产生醌类物质到低分子量有机酸的步骤.