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21.
文章研究了粉煤灰在热处理过程中汞的逸出规律,通过改变焙烧温度、焙烧时间和通气流量等条件,利用安大略水法,对逸出的零价汞(Hg0)和二价汞(Hg2+)以及总汞的含量进行了测定。结果表明:在加热温度达到400℃时,飞灰中的可挥发汞已基本完全释放,逸出量大约为0.2μg/g。当加热温度升高到600~1 000℃之间时,零价汞含量明显降低,而二价汞含量明显升高,可以观察到较为明显的零价汞氧化为二价汞的现象。汞的逸出量与氧化程度主要与加热温度有关,而加热时间与通气量的影响相对较小。在1 000℃,加热时间30 min,通气量0.5 L/min的条件下,可挥发汞将完全逸出并有部分零价汞被氧化。结合上述研究结果,在对粉煤灰进行加热处理时,需要对其中汞的二次释放现象加以重视并采取相应的控制措施。 相似文献
22.
奶牛粪便翻堆式与槽式堆肥过程气体排放规律及养分损失原位监测 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探究奶牛粪便翻堆式与槽式堆肥过程中温室气体和氨气(NH3)排放规律及养分损失情况,采用原位监测的方法,通过静态采气箱和气体在线监测设备,分别对奶牛粪便翻堆式和槽式堆体开展为期36 d的气体监测。结果表明,翻堆式堆肥过程中甲烷(CH4)、氧化亚氮(N2O)和NH3排放主要集中于翻堆阶段;槽式堆肥过程中CH4和NH3排放主要集中于堆肥前期,N2O排放则主要集中于堆肥中后期。堆体管理措施及物料特性显著影响堆肥气体的排放。翻堆式堆肥过程中翻堆对气体排放的影响大于堆肥理化因子如温度、含水率以及pH值;而槽式堆肥过程中,降低堆体的平均温度可同时减缓堆肥过程中CH4、二氧化碳(CO2)和NH3的释放。从养分损失来看,翻堆式和槽式堆肥过程中碳素总损失量分别占堆肥物料初始总碳含量(TC)的27.16%和21.53%,其中约80%以上的碳素损失来自CO2-C。而堆肥过程中氮素总损失量分别占堆肥物料初始总氮含量(TN)的18.67%和13.44%,其中约80%以上的氮素损失来源于NH3N。该研究表明,在保证堆体物料腐熟的前提下,降低翻堆频率可显著减缓翻堆式堆肥过程中温室气体和NH3的排放;降低槽式堆肥堆体的温度可显著减少堆肥过程中CH4、CO2和NH3的排放。该研究结果对于减少堆肥过程气态污染物排放和养分损失,提高堆肥效率具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
23.
高残留农药福美双对斑马鱼胚胎脊索的特异性影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
福美双在我国是一种广泛使用的二硫代甲氨基甲酸盐类农药,它的高残留性已经引起世界各国的重视. 以斑马鱼胚胎作为试验动物模型,从分子水平探讨了福美双对胚胎脊索弯曲的毒性作用机制.结果表明,福美双造成斑马鱼胚胎脊索弯曲与重叠等形态学变化,脊索弯曲程度与福美双的染毒浓度呈正相关. 通过Ⅱ型胶原蛋白抗体染色表明,福美双引起软骨发育的变化与Ⅱ型胶原蛋白表达的降低密切相关. 试验进一步表明,斑马鱼胚胎适合作为农药毒性评价的模型. 相似文献
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对渭南主城区道路积尘负荷进行了实测,并计算了2018年不同道路类型和不同车型的交通扬尘颗粒物排放量。结果表明:渭南主城区支路积尘负荷最大,为1.79g/m~2,高速积尘负荷最小,为0.05g/m~2,洒水作业能有效降低积尘负荷;渭南主城区道路交通扬尘PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)的年排放量分别为1 149.65、4 751.88t;小型客车引起的交通扬尘颗粒物排放在城市道路(包括主干道、次干道、支路)和国省道(包括国道和省道)上的分担率最高,分别为59.49%、41.46%,重型货车在高速上的分担率最高,为63.35%;城市道路交通扬尘颗粒物排放有明显的双峰日变化规律,而国省道和高速不明显。 相似文献
28.
主要综述了荒漠植物红砂的分布区及其生境、解剖学特征、种子萌发及幼苗生长影响因素、组织培养、生理生态特征、繁殖及育苗、分子生物学特性等方面的研究。简要阐述了修复和重建红砂植被的必要性,并着重研究了红砂种子萌发的影响因素及育苗技术的发展现状,在此基础上指出红砂研究中的不足之处,并对今后的研究方向提出了建议。 相似文献
29.
Amos RT Bekins BA Delin GN Cozzarelli IM Blowes DW Kirshtein JD 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2011,125(1-4):13-25
High resolution direct-push profiling over short vertical distances was used to investigate CH(4) attenuation in a petroleum contaminated aquifer near Bemidji, Minnesota. The contaminant plume was delineated using dissolved gases, redox sensitive components, major ions, carbon isotope ratios in CH(4) and CO(2), and the presence of methanotrophic bacteria. Sharp redox gradients were observed near the water table. Shifts in δ(13)C(CH4) from an average of -57.6‰ (±1.7‰) in the methanogenic zone to -39.6‰ (±8.7‰) at 105m downgradient, strongly suggest CH(4) attenuation through microbially mediated degradation. In the downgradient zone the aerobic/anaerobic transition is up to 0.5m below the water table suggesting that transport of O(2) across the water table is leading to aerobic degradation of CH(4) at this interface. Dissolved N(2) concentrations that exceeded those expected for water in equilibrium with the atmosphere indicated bubble entrapment followed by preferential stripping of O(2) through aerobic degradation of CH(4) or other hydrocarbons. Multivariate and cluster analysis were used to distinguish between areas of significant bubble entrapment and areas where other processes such as the infiltration of O(2) rich recharge water were important O(2) transport mechanisms. 相似文献
30.
Loss of volatile hydrocarbons from an LNAPL oil source 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Baedecker MJ Eganhouse RP Bekins BA Delin GN 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2011,126(3-4):140-152
The light nonaqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) oil pool in an aquifer that resulted from a pipeline spill near Bemidji, Minnesota, was analyzed for volatile hydrocarbons (VHCs) to determine if the composition of the oil remains constant over time. Oil samples were obtained from wells at five locations in the oil pool in an anaerobic part of the glacial outwash aquifer. Samples covering a 21-year period were analyzed for 25 VHCs. Compared to the composition of oil from the pipeline source, VHCs identified in oil from wells sampled in 2008 were 13 to 64% depleted. The magnitude of loss for the VHCs analyzed was toluene?o-xylene, benzene, C(6) and C(10-12)n-alkanes>C(7)-C(9)n-alkanes>m-xylene, cyclohexane, and 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene>1,2,4-trimethylbenzene and ethylbenzene. Other VHCs including p-xylene, 1,3,5- and 1,2,3-trimethylbenzenes, the tetramethylbenzenes, methyl- and ethyl-cyclohexane, and naphthalene were not depleted during the time of the study. Water-oil and air-water batch equilibration simulations indicate that volatilization and biodegradation is most important for the C(6)-C(9)n-alkanes and cyclohexanes; dissolution and biodegradation is important for most of the other hydrocarbons. Depletion of the hydrocarbons in the oil pool is controlled by: the lack of oxygen and nutrients, differing rates of recharge, and the spatial distribution of oil in the aquifer. The mass loss of these VHCs in the 5 wells is between 1.6 and 7.4% in 29years or an average annual loss of 0.06-0.26%/year. The present study shows that the composition of LNAPL changes over time and that these changes are spatially variable. This highlights the importance of characterizing the temporal and spatial variabilities of the source term in solute-transport models. 相似文献