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21.
Combined UV-biological degradation of PAHs 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
The UV-photolysis of PAHs was tested in silicone oil and tetradecane. In most cases, the degradation of a pollutant provided within a mixture was lower than when provided alone due to competitive effects. With the exception of anthracene, the larger pollutants (4- and 5-rings) were always degraded first, proving that UV-treatment preferentially acts on large PAHs and thereby provides a good complement to microbial degradation. UV-photolysis was also found to be suitable for treatment of soil extract from contaminated soils. The feasibility of UV-biological treatment was demonstrated for the removal of a mixture of phenanthrene and pyrene in silicone oil. UV-irradiation of the silicone oil led to 83% pyrene removal but no phenanthrene photodegradation. Subsequent treatment of the oil in a two-phases partitioning bioreactor (TPPB) system inoculated with Pseudomonas sp. was followed by complete phenanthrene biodegradation but no further pyrene removal. Totally, the combined process allowed 92% removal of the PAH mixture. Further work should focus on characterizing the photoproducts formed and studying the influence of the solvent on the photodegradation process. 相似文献
22.
David T. Williams Earle R. Nestmann Guy L. LeBel Frank M. Benoit Rein Otson E.G.H. Lee 《Chemosphere》1982,11(3):263-276
Extracts of organic compounds were obtained, using XAD-2 macroreticular resin, from drinking water supplies in 12 Great Lakes municipalities. The extracts were tested for mutagenic potential using the Salmonella/mammalian-microsome assay and analysed for organochlorine pesticides, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, organophosphorous pesticides and trialkyl-arylphosphates. Grab samples of drinking water were also analysed for volatile organic compounds. Dose-related increases in mutagenicity were found in extracts from 11 of the drinking water supplies. 相似文献
23.
The Kelvin–Helmholtz (KH) instability is traditionally viewed as an initial-value problem, wherein wave perturbations of a
two-layer shear flow grow over time into billows and eventually generate vertical mixing. Yet, the instability can also be
viewed as a boundary-value problem. In such a framework, there exists an upstream condition where a lighter fluid flows over
a denser fluid, wave perturbations grow downstream to eventually overturn some distance away from the point of origin. As
the reverse of the traditional problem, this flow is periodic in time and exhibits instability in space. A natural application
is the mixing of a warmer river emptying into a colder lake or reservoir, or the salt-wedge estuary. This study of the KH
instability from the perspective of a boundary-value problem is divided into two parts. Firstly, the instability theory is
conducted with a real frequency and complex horizontal wavenumber, and the main result is that the critical wavelength at
the instability threshold is longer in the boundary-value than in the initial-value situation. Secondly, mass, momentum and
energy budgets are performed between the upstream, unmixed state on one side, and the downstream, mixed state on the other,
to determine under which condition mixing is energetically possible. Cases with a rigid lid and free surface are treated separately.
And, although the algebra is somewhat complicated, both end results are identical to the criterion for complete mixing in
the initial-value problem. 相似文献
24.
IntroductionThispaperconcernstheadaptationandapplicationofamesoscalemeteorologicalmodelforgeneratingthewindfieldsandothermeteorologicalparametersforfuturestudiesofairpollutioninthecomplexterrainofHongKongSpecialAdministrativeRegion (HKSAR) .Themainarea… 相似文献
25.
26.
Cueff Sixtine Alletto Lionel Dumény Valérie Benoit Pierre Pot Valérie 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(13):15934-15946
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The main goals of conservation agriculture are to enhance soil fertility and reduce soil degradation, especially through erosion. However,... 相似文献
27.
Pesticide risk assessment and management in a globally changing world—report from a European interdisciplinary workshop 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Marc Babut Gertie H. Arts Anna Barra Caracciolo Nadia Carluer Nicolas Domange Nikolai Friberg Véronique Gouy Merete Grung Laurent Lagadic Fabrice Martin-Laurent Nicolas Mazzella Stéphane Pesce Benoit Real Stefan Reichenberger Erwin W. M. Roex Kees Romijn Manfred Röttele Marianne Stenrød Julien Tournebize Françoise Vernier Eric Vindimian 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(11):8298-8312
28.
Sequential UV-biological degradation of chlorophenols 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The sequential UV-biological degradation of a mixture of 4-chlorophenol (CP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP) was first tested with each pollutant supplied at an initial concentration of 50 mg l(-1). Under these conditions, the chlorophenols were photodegraded in the following order of removal rate: PCP>TCP>DCP>CP with only CP and DCP remaining after 40 h of irradiation. The remaining CP (41 mg l(-1)) and DCP (13 mg l(-1)) were then completely removed by biological treatment with an activated sludge mixed culture. Biodegradation did not occur in similar tests conducted with a non-irradiated mixture due to the high microbial toxicity of the solution. UV treatment lead to a significant reduction of the phytotoxicity to Lipedium sativum but no further reduction of phytotoxicity was observed after biological treatment. Evidence was found that the pollutants were partially photodegraded into toxic and non-biodegradable products. When the pollutants were tested individually (initial concentration of 50 mg l(-1)), PCP, TCP, DCP, 4-CP were photodegraded according to first order kinetic model (r2>99) with half-lives of 2.2, 3.3, 5.7, and 54 h, respectively. The photoproducts were subsequently biodegraded. This study illustrates the potential of UV as pre-treatment for biological treatment in order to remove toxicity and enhance the biodegradability of organic contaminants. However, it also shows that UV treatment must be carefully optimized to avoid the formation of toxic and/or recalcitrant photoproducts and results from studies conducted on single contaminants cannot be extrapolated to mixtures. 相似文献
29.
Nakhlé KF Cossa D Khalaf G Beliaeff B 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,142(1):73-82
The mussel, Brachidontes variabilis, and the limpet, Patella sp., were used as indicators to monitor cadmium, lead and mercury concentrations along the Lebanese coast. Studies were carried out in order to define the best strategy for assessing and minimizing the effects of size and physiological condition on the metal contents of the molluscs, and corrective models were constructed. Metal concentrations in surface water were measured to estimate bioconcentration factors (BCFs). The BCFs varied from 8.3 x 10(3) to 3.4 x 10(4), from 7.5 x 10(3) to 8.0 x 10(3) and from 3.0 x 10(4) to 3.2 x10(4), for Cd, Pb and Hg, respectively. For limpets, BCFs varied from 1.7 x 10(4) to 7.4 x 10(4) for Cd, from 2.5 x 10(3) to 6 x 10(3) for Pb and remained fairly constant at around 10(4) for Hg. The highest BCFs were associated with lowest contamination levels. The results of the geographical survey exhibited a similar large-scale spatial pattern for the two species and followed the metal concentration distributions measured in the waters. 相似文献
30.
Dorothe Ehrich Niels M. Schmidt Gilles Gauthier Ray Alisauskas Anders Angerbjrn Karin Clark Frauke Ecke Nina E. Eide Erik Framstad Jay Frandsen Alastair Franke Olivier Gilg Marie-Andre Giroux Heikki Henttonen Birger Hrnfeldt Rolf A. Ims Gennadiy D. Kataev Sergey P. Kharitonov Siw T. Killengreen Charles J. Krebs Richard B. Lanctot Nicolas Lecomte Irina E. Menyushina Douglas W. Morris Guy Morrisson Lauri Oksanen Tarja Oksanen Johan Olofsson Ivan G. Pokrovsky Igor Yu. Popov Donald Reid James D. Roth Sarah T. Saalfeld Gustaf Samelius Benoit Sittler Sergey M. Sleptsov Paul A. Smith Aleksandr A. Sokolov Natalya A. Sokolova Mikhail Y. Soloviev Diana V. Solovyeva 《Ambio》2020,49(3):786-800
Lemmings are a key component of tundra food webs and changes in their dynamics can affect the whole ecosystem. We present a comprehensive overview of lemming monitoring and research activities, and assess recent trends in lemming abundance across the circumpolar Arctic. Since 2000, lemmings have been monitored at 49 sites of which 38 are still active. The sites were not evenly distributed with notably Russia and high Arctic Canada underrepresented. Abundance was monitored at all sites, but methods and levels of precision varied greatly. Other important attributes such as health, genetic diversity and potential drivers of population change, were often not monitored. There was no evidence that lemming populations were decreasing in general, although a negative trend was detected for low arctic populations sympatric with voles. To keep the pace of arctic change, we recommend maintaining long-term programmes while harmonizing methods, improving spatial coverage and integrating an ecosystem perspective. 相似文献