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排序方式: 共有356条查询结果,搜索用时 343 毫秒
311.
Natalie Amoin Kouamé Didier Robert Valérie Keller Nicolas Keller Charlotte Pham Patrick Nguyen 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(9):3727-3734
Introduction
This study of photocatalytic degradation of wastewater was carried out in alveolar cell ??-SiC foam-structured photocatalytic reactors working in a recirculation mode. The immobilization of TiO2 on ??-SiC foams was efficiently obtained through a sol?Cgel technique in acidic conditions.Discussion
In order to optimize degradation yields obtained by the foam-structured prototype reactor for the photocatalytic water treatment, the operating conditions of the photoreactor have been investigated and the efficiency of the process was evaluated by measuring the photocatalytic degradation of Diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl-urea)) under UV irradiation. Kinetic studies were carried out by investigating the influence of different parameters controlling the reaction (TiO2 loading and ??-SiC foam cell size). The ageing of TiO2/??-SiC foam photocatalytic materials and the mineralization (TOC, Cl?, NO3? and NH4+) of Diuron were investigated. 相似文献312.
E. J. Veen B. B. Bock W. Van den Berg A. J. Visser J. S. C. Wiskerke 《Local Environment》2016,21(10):1271-1287
Community gardens vary in several ways: they are cultivated by different kinds of communities in various locations, entail individual or communal plots and the extent of active participation (e.g. gardening) differs. In this paper, we study seven community gardens with varying organisational designs and objectives, and investigate the extent to which these influence the enhancement of social cohesion. We also take into account to what extent differences in motivation among community gardeners matter. Despite these differences in motivation, however, we find that in all of the cases studied, people talk to and get to know others, and mutual help is widespread. We, therefore, conclude that community gardens contribute to the development of social cohesion – even if people are not particularly driven by social motivations. Moreover, while participants who are motivated by the social aspects of gardening naturally show a higher level of appreciation for them, these social aspects also bring added value for those participants who are motivated primarily by growing vegetables. 相似文献
313.
Meta-analysis of environmental contamination by phthalates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alexandre Bergé Mathieu Cladière Johnny Gasperi Annie Coursimault Bruno Tassin Régis Moilleron 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(11):8057-8076
Phthalate acid esters (PAE), commonly named phthalates, are toxics classified as endocrine-disrupting compounds; they are primarily used as additives to improve the flexibility in polyvinyl chloride. Many studies have reported the occurrence of phthalates in different environmental matrices; however, none of these studies has yet established a complete overview for those compounds in the water cycle within an urban environment. This review summarizes PAE concentrations for all environmental media throughout the water cycle, from atmosphere to receiving waters. Once the occurrences of compounds have been evaluated for each environmental compartment (urban wastewater, wastewater treatment plants, atmosphere, and the natural environment), we reviewed data in order to identify the fate of PAE in the environment and establish whether geographical and historical trends exist. Indeed, geographical and historical trends appear between Europe and other countries such as USA/Canada and China, however they remain location dependent. This study aimed at identifying both the correlations existing between environmental compartments and the processes influencing the fate and transport of these contaminants into the environment. In Europe, the concentrations measured in waterways today represent the background level of contamination, which provides evidence of a past diffuse pollution. In contrast, an increasing trend has actually been observed for developing countries, especially for China. 相似文献
314.
Erwin K. Kauper Charlotte J. Hopper 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(11):606-608
Fuel use limitations present a dilemma to both suppliers and users in that fuel with high sulfur content may be prohibited, even though during much of the year meteorological conditions may provide sufficent dispersion to maintain acceptable air quality levels. To make most efficient use of available fuels, a system of varying emissions according to atmospheric parameters is suggested. Objective forecasts of meteorological conditions in terms of dispersion effects can be used to monitor fuel use according to the atmosphere’s ability to disperse pollutants successfully. 相似文献
315.
Erwin K. Kauper Charlotte J. Hopper 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(5):210-214
Advantage can be taken of optimum conditions of turbulent mixing to decrease the intensity of automobile-caused pollution in the Los Angeles Basin. Changing the summertime peak traffic hours—delaying the morning rush by one hour—will result in an improvement of 24 percent for an eight-hour day, in terms of oxidant concentrations. Greater improvements (up to 54 percent) are possible by use of seven or six-hour days, should they be found to be economically feasible. 相似文献
316.
A low-cost alternative approach to reduce landfill gas (LFG) emissions is to integrate compost into the landfill cover design in order to establish a biocover that is optimized for biological oxidation of methane (CH4). A laboratory and field investigation was performed to quantify respiration in an experimental compost biocover in terms of oxygen (O2) consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) production and emission rates. O2 consumption and CO2 production rates were measured in batch and column experiments containing compost sampled from a landfill biowindow at Fakse landfill in Denmark. Column gas concentration profiles were compared to field measurements. Column studies simulating compost respiration in the biowindow showed average CO2 production and O2 consumption rates of 107 ± 14 g m−2 d−1 and 63 ± 12 g m−2 d−1, respectively. Gas profiles from the columns showed elevated CO2 concentrations throughout the compost layer, and CO2 concentrations exceeded 20% at a depth of 40 cm below the surface of the biowindow. Overall, the results showed that respiration of compost material placed in biowindows might generate significant CO2 emissions. In landfill compost covers, methanotrophs carrying out CH4 oxidation will compete for O2 with other aerobic microorganisms. If the compost is not mature, a significant portion of the O2 diffusing into the compost layer will be consumed by non-methanotrophs, thereby limiting CH4 oxidation. The results of this study however also suggest that the consumption of O2 in the compost due to aerobic respiration might increase over time as a result of the accumulation of biomass in the compost after prolonged exposure to CH4. 相似文献
317.
The evaluation of biotransformation of chlorinated ethenes (CEs) in contaminated aquifers is challenging when variable redox conditions and groundwater flow regime are limiting factors. By using compound-specific stable carbon isotope analysis (C-CSIA) and 3H-3He based groundwater dating, we assessed three CE-contaminated field sites that differed in groundwater flow velocities, redox conditions, and level of contamination. CE isotopic signatures and carbon isotopic mass balances were applied to quantify CE transformation, whereas groundwater dating allowed determining degradation timescales and assessing hydrodynamic regimes. The combination of these techniques enabled at all field sites to indicate zones within the aquifers where CE dechlorination preferably occurred, sometimes even to metabolites of no toxic concern. However, the natural transformation processes were insufficient to mitigate the entire CE contamination at the studied sites. Such situations of limited transformation are worldwide far more common than sites where optimal natural (mainly redox) conditions are enabling complete CEs degradation. Despite such constraints for natural transformation, this study showed that even under non-favorable biogeochemical CEs degradation, the combination of CSIA and groundwater dating provide valuable information to the understanding of the fate of the CEs, thus, being an important contribution in the definition of efficient remediation measures at any given biogeochemical conditions. 相似文献
318.
Ecosystem responses to reduced and oxidised nitrogen inputs in European terrestrial habitats 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stevens CJ Manning P van den Berg LJ de Graaf MC Wamelink GW Boxman AW Bleeker A Vergeer P Arroniz-Crespo M Limpens J Lamers LP Bobbink R Dorland E 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(3):665-676
While it is well established that ecosystems display strong responses to elevated nitrogen deposition, the importance of the ratio between the dominant forms of deposited nitrogen (NHx and NOy) in determining ecosystem response is poorly understood. As large changes in the ratio of oxidised and reduced nitrogen inputs are occurring, this oversight requires attention. One reason for this knowledge gap is that plants experience a different NHx:NOy ratio in soil to that seen in atmospheric deposits because atmospheric inputs are modified by soil transformations, mediated by soil pH. Consequently species of neutral and alkaline habitats are less likely to encounter high NH4+ concentrations than species from acid soils. We suggest that the response of vascular plant species to changing ratios of NHx:NOy deposits will be driven primarily by a combination of soil pH and nitrification rates. Testing this hypothesis requires a combination of experimental and survey work in a range of systems. 相似文献
319.
Disaster waste management: a review article 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Depending on their nature and severity, disasters can create large volumes of debris and waste. The waste can overwhelm existing solid waste management facilities and impact on other emergency response and recovery activities. If poorly managed, the waste can have significant environmental and public health impacts and can affect the overall recovery process.This paper presents a system overview of disaster waste management based on existing literature. The main literature available to date comprises disaster waste management plans or guidelines and isolated case studies. There is ample discussion on technical management options such as temporary storage sites, recycling, disposal, etc.; however, there is little or no guidance on how these various management options are selected post-disaster. The literature does not specifically address the impact or appropriateness of existing legislation, organisational structures and funding mechanisms on disaster waste management programmes, nor does it satisfactorily cover the social impact of disaster waste management programmes.It is envisaged that the discussion presented in this paper, and the literature gaps identified, will form a basis for future comprehensive and cohesive research on disaster waste management. In turn, research will lead to better preparedness and response to disaster waste management problems. 相似文献
320.
Occurrence, fate and antibiotic resistance of fluoroquinolone antibacterials in hospital wastewaters in Hanoi, Vietnam 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5
Duong HA Pham NH Nguyen HT Hoang TT Pham HV Pham VC Berg M Giger W Alder AC 《Chemosphere》2008,72(6):968-973
Occurrence and behavior of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents (FQs) were investigated in hospital wastewaters in Hanoi, Vietnam. Hospital wastewater in Hanoi is usually not treated and this untreated wastewater is directly discharged into one of the wastewater channels of the city and eventually reaches the ambient aquatic environment. The concentrations of the FQs, ciprofloxacin (CIP) and norfloxacin (NOR) in six hospital wastewaters ranged from 1.1 to 44 and from 0.9 to 17 micrgl(-1), respectively. Total FQ loads to the city sewage system varied from 0.3 to 14 g d(-1). Additionally, the mass flows of CIP and NOR were investigated in the aqueous compartment in a small wastewater treatment facility of one hospital. The results showed that the FQ removal from the wastewater stream was between 80 and 85%, probably due to sorption on sewage sludge. Simultaneously, the numbers of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were measured and their resistance against CIP and NOR was evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration. Biological treatment lead to a 100-fold reduction in the number of E. coli but still more than a thousand E. coli colonies per 100ml of wastewater effluent reached the receiving water. The highest resistance was found in E. coli strains of raw wastewater and the lowest in isolates of treated wastewater effluent. Thus, wastewater treatment is an efficient barrier to decrease the residual FQ levels and the number of resistant bacteria entering ambient waters. Due to the lack of municipal wastewater treatment plants, the onsite treatment of hospital wastewater before discharging into municipal sewers should be considered as a viable option and consequently implemented. 相似文献