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101.
Is It Acceptable to Let a Species Go Extinct in a National Park? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Joel Berger 《Conservation biology》2003,17(5):1451-1454
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Natalie Riedel Heike Köckler Joachim Scheiner Klaus Berger 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2015,58(2):336-356
Borrowing from concepts of socio-environmental epidemiology and psychology, we conceived self-rated health as a function of multiple physical and psychosocial stressors and resources at the residential neighbourhood and individual level. In this model of multiple stressors, objective exposure to road traffic noise was specified as a physical stressor whose effect on health may be mediated and modified by residents’ subjective response to noise (serious noise annoyance). Self-reported hearing disability, recreational coping in green areas and residential neighbourhood satisfaction were examined as additional psychosocial stressors or resources, independently of socio-demographic and -economic factors. Results from our empirical analysis based on two studies and multivariable logistic regressions might support the idea that environmental planning should overcome sectoral boundaries and adopt an integrative approach including objective exposures, residents’ subjective responses, and perceived resources. 相似文献
104.
Raw material supply is essential for all industrial activities. The use of secondary raw material gains more importance since ore grade in primary production is decreasing. Meanwhile urban stock contains considerable amounts of various elements. Photovoltaic (PV) generating systems are part of the urban stock and recycling technologies for PV thin film modules with CdTe as semiconductor are needed because cadmium could cause hazardous environmental impact and tellurium is a scarce element where future supply might be constrained. The paper describes a sequence of mechanical processing techniques for end-of-life PV thin film modules consisting of sandblasting and flotation. Separation of the semiconductor material from the glass surface was possible, however, enrichment and yield of valuables in the flotation step were non-satisfying. Nevertheless, recovery of valuable metals from urban stock is a viable method for the extension of the availability of limited natural resources. 相似文献
105.
Intraspecific physiological variability of the gastropod Littorina saxatilis related to the vertical shore gradient in the White and North Seas 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Physiological responses to desiccation and temperature stress as well as behavioural responses to fast and abrupt environmental
changes were investigated in high- and low-shore Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) from several populations from the White and North Seas. Variations in evaporation rates, resistance to air exposure
and to acute and chronic temperature stress between animals from different shore levels were similar in White and North Sea
periwinkles, consistent with the adaptive nature of these variations. High-shore snails were found to be able to conserve
body water reserves better, to resist higher temperatures and to survive longer under conditions of combined temperature and
desiccation stress than their low-shore counterparts. In a temperature range of 25 to 35 °C, the rate of evaporative water
loss was positively correlated with temperature in low-shore snails while being largely temperature-independent in high-shore
snails. Median lethal time during air exposure in L. saxatilis was negatively but not linearly related to the temperature of exposure. In a temperature range of 30 to 38 °C, the resistance
to heat exposure in air was only slightly dependent on the temperature, with Q
10 = 1.4 for the median lethal time; the heat resistance dropped drastically at temperatures above 38 °C, with Q
10 = 593.8. This suggests different mechanisms of temperature resistance in different parts of the studied temperature range.
In contrast, behavioural response to extreme salinity fluctuations was not uniform in the high- and low-shore periwinkles
from the White and North Seas, which may reflect specific environmental conditions at different shore levels in the two areas
studied. Observed physiological and behavioural variations are discussed from the viewpoint of different adaptive strategies
employed by eulittoral and eulittoral-fringe animals within populations of a single species.
Received: 13 December 1999 / Accepted: 11 April 2000 相似文献
106.
Analysis of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances in air samples from Northwest Europe 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Barber JL Berger U Chaemfa C Huber S Jahnke A Temme C Jones KC 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2007,9(6):530-541
Air samples were collected from 4 field sites in Europe: 2 sites from the UK, Hazelrigg (semi-rural) and Manchester (urban); 1 site from Ireland: Mace Head (rural); and 1 site from Norway: Kjeller (rural). Additionally, air samples were taken from indoor locations in Troms?, Norway. Air samples were collected using high-volume air samplers employing sampling modules containing glass-fibre filters (GFFs, particle phase), and glass columns with a polyurethane foam (PUF)-XAD-2-PUF sandwich (gaseous phase). Typical outdoor air volumes required for the determination of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) ranged from 500-1800 m3. GFFs and PUF-XAD columns were analysed separately to obtain information on phase partitioning. All air samples were analysed for volatile, neutral PFAS, with selected GFF samples halved for analysis of both neutral and airborne particle-bound ionic PFAS. Volatile PFAS were extracted from air samples by cold-column immersion with ethyl acetate, and were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the positive chemical ionisation mode (GC-PCI-MS). Ionic PFAS were extracted from GFFs by sonication in methanol, and were analysed by liquid chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) using electrospray ionisation in the negative ion mode (ESI-). Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was often the predominant analyte found in the particulate phase at concentrations ranging from 1-818 pg m(-3), and 8:2 fluorotelomer alcohol (FTOH) and 6:2 FTOH were the prevailing analytes found in the gas phase, at 5-243 pg m(-3) and 5-189 pg m(-3), respectively. These three PFAS were ubiquitous in air samples. Many other PFAS, both neutral and ionic, were also present, and levels of individual analytes were in the 1-125 pg m(-3) range. Levels of some PFAS exceeded those of traditional persistent organic pollutants (POPs). In this study, the presence of 12:2 FTOH and fluorotelomer olefins (FTolefins), and ionic PFAS other than perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and PFOA, are reported in air samples for the first time. Concentrations of neutral PFAS were several orders of magnitude higher in indoor air than outdoor air, making homes a likely important diffuse source of PFAS to the atmosphere. Our repeated findings of non-volatile ionic PFAS in air samples raises the possibility that they might directly undergo significant atmospheric transport on particles away from source regions, and more atmospheric measurements of ionic PFAS are strongly recommended. 相似文献
107.
The toxicity of Corexit 9527 to ciliate protozoa was determined on the basis of growth rate. Chemically dispersed oil was more toxic than either the dispersant or crude oil alone. 相似文献
108.
Karen Chong Sarah Keating Stephanie Hurst Anne Summers Howard Berger Gareth Seaward Nicole Martin Tami Friedberg David Chitayat 《黑龙江环境通报》2009,29(5):489-494
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) is a multisystem disorder characterized by somatic defects and mental retardation. Prenatal diagnosis of this severe condition is difficult in view of the non-specific ultrasound abnormalities. We report three cases with prenatally suspected CdLS based on the ultrasound findings as well as low PAPP-A detected on first trimester screening in one case, and the results of the autopsy and the NIPBL gene mutation analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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