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排序方式: 共有245条查询结果,搜索用时 734 毫秒
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Verkerk Pieter J. Lindner Marcus Pérez-Soba Marta Paterson James S. Helming John Verburg Peter H. Kuemmerle Tobias Lotze-Campen Hermann Moiseyev Alexander Müller Daniel Popp Alexander Schulp Catharina J. E. Stürck Julia Tabeau Andrzej Wolfslehner Bernhard van der Zanden Emma H. 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(3):817-830
Regional Environmental Change - Plausible scenarios of future land use derived from model projections may differ substantially from what is actually desired by society, and identifying such... 相似文献
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Bernhard G. Zimmermann Simon Grill Wolfgang Holzgreve Xiao Yan Zhong Laird G. Jackson Sinuhe Hahn 《黑龙江环境通报》2008,28(12):1087-1093
Recent reports have indicated that digital PCR may be useful for the noninvasive detection of fetal aneuploidies by the analysis of cell-free DNA and RNA in maternal plasma or serum. In this review we provide an insight into the underlying technology and its previous application in the determination of the allelic frequencies of oncogenic alterations in cancer specimens. We also provide an indication of how this new technology may prove useful for the detection of fetal aneuploidies and single gene Mendelian disorders. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The construction of artificial wetlands has become a measure increasingly applied to reduce nonpoint-source (NPS) pollution and to contribute to the restoration of eutrophic lakes and coastal waters. In a 2-yr study monitoring fluxes of particulate and dissolved phosphorus (P) in a small artificial wetland for the treatment of agricultural drainage water in Central Switzerland, water residence time was identified as the main factor controlling P retention in the system. Since most of the annual P load (62% as dissolved reactive phosphorus, DRP) was related to high discharge events, it was not average but minimum water residence time during flood events that determined the wetland's P retention. In agreement with a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) model, our investigations suggest a minimum water residence time of 7 d to retain at least 50% of the bioavailable P. The investigated wetland retained only 2% of the bioavailable P, since the water residence time was shorter than 7 d during 61% of time in both years. Settling of phytoplankton rather than DRP uptake into phytoplankton limited the retention of bioavailable P. The overall retention efficiency of 23% total phosphorus (TP), corresponding to a surface related retention of 1.1 g P m(-2) yr(-1), was due to the efficient trapping of pedogenic particles. 相似文献
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Temporal variation and spatial distribution of PAH in water of Three Gorges Reservoir during the complete impoundment period 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jingxian Wang Bernhard Henkelmann Yonghong Bi Kongxian Zhu Gerd Pfister Wei Hu Cedrique Temoka Bernhard Westrich Karl-Werner Schramm 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(10):7071-7079
Bioavailable concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in water of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) using semipermeable membrane devices during the period of completely impounding water. ∑PAH concentrations in water of TGR in the period of completely impounding water were 15–381 ng?L?1. ∑PAH concentrations increased from town or counties to big industrialized cities in TGR, indicating urbanization effects on PAH pollution in the water. Tributaries in TGR have a certain contribution of PAH pollution to the mainstream of Yangtze River and their pollution could not be neglected. An obvious decrease of PAH concentration was observed after 175-m water impounding in 2011 in TGR. Several factors may account for this decrease, including execution of comprehensive treatment and management measures in TGR, less rainfall in 2011, and sedimentation effect caused by the dam. Passive sampling method has been successfully applied in the investigation of trace PAH in water of TGR and proved to be a useful and efficient tool for the management and sustainable development of the big reservoir. The results of the study provide valuable information about PAH pollution in the whole reservoir including some tributaries, and the pollution status is dynamically related with human activities. Therefore, PAH could be used as a marker compound or indicator in the network monitoring system to surveil and trace the pollution status in TGR. 相似文献
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Shen H Henkelmann B Rambeck WA Mayer R Wehr U Schramm KW 《Environment international》2012,38(1):73-78
Pigs accidentally given feed contaminated by dioxin-like pollutants are a serious public health issue. We have examined whether pigs with limited exposure during early periods of fattening would be categorized as non-compliant with the EU limit at slaughtering when growth-dilution, excretion and metabolism effects are considered. Sixteen female and sixteen castrated male weaned pigs were divided into four groups (e.g. DG0, DG1, DG2 and DG3) in week 2 after birth. From weeks 3 to 13, groups DG1, DG2, and DG3 pigs were fed with a polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofuran (PCDD/F) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture at dosages of 1, 10 and 100 ng-toxic equivalent (TEQ) per kg dry mass feed in capsules, respectively. From weeks 13 to 23, the animals were nourished with clear feed. Control group DG0 was always fed with clear feed. Subcutaneous fat samples were collected at weeks 13, 18 and 23 by biopsies. The pollutant residues were analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry and quantified by a 13C-isotope dilution method. The results showed the following: (1) when slaughtered at week 23, the TEQ for DG1 pigs (0.66 ± 0.21 pg/g fat) was under the EU limit of 1 pg PCDD/F-TEQ/g fat; (2) PCDD/F congener-specific first-order elimination rates were linearly correlated with their toxicity equivalency factors (TEFs), and the rates were significantly dose-dependent for the more toxic congeners (TEF ≥ 0.1). Therefore, the pigs' exposure above the EU limit during the early fattening stage did not necessarily lead to their categorization as non-compliant pork; and the residual TEQ for pork can be predicted from early exposure concentrations based on the models established here. 相似文献
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Jochen Stutz Kam Weng Wong Laura Lawrence Luke Ziemba James H. Flynn Bernhard Rappenglück Barry Lefer 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(33):4099-4106
Radical chemistry in the nocturnal urban boundary layer is dominated by the nitrate radical, NO3, which oxidizes hydrocarbons and, through the aerosol uptake of N2O5, indirectly influences the nitrogen budget. The impact of NO3 chemistry on polluted atmospheres and urban air quality is, however, not well understood, due to a lack of observations and the strong impact of vertical stability of the boundary layer, which makes nocturnal chemistry highly altitude dependent.Here we present long-path DOAS observations of the vertical distribution of the key nocturnal species O3, NO2, and NO3 during the TRAMP experiment in Summer 2006 in Houston, TX. Our observations confirm the altitude dependence of nocturnal chemistry, which is reflected in the concentration profiles of all trace gases at night. In contrast to other study locations, NO3 chemistry in Houston is dominated by industrial emissions of alkenes, in particular of isoprene, isobutene, and sporadically 1,3-butadiene, which are responsible for more than 70% of the nocturnal NO3 loss. The nocturnally averaged loss of NOx in the lowest 300 m of the Houston atmosphere is ~0.9 ppb h?1, with little day-to-day variability. A comparison with the daytime NOx loss shows that NO3 chemistry is responsible for 16–50% of the NOx loss in a 24-h period in the lowest 300 m of the atmosphere. The importance of the NO3 + isoprene/1,3-butadiene reactions implies the efficient formation of organic nitrates and secondary organic aerosol at night in Houston. 相似文献