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黄河三角洲自然保护区秋冬季水鸟群落组成与生境关系分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
于2014年10月至2015年1月采用样线调查法对黄河三角洲自然保护区秋季迁徙期和越冬期水鸟群落结构进行调查研究,调查共包括8条样线40个观测点.结果表明:(1)秋季迁徙期共记录水鸟6目14科54种,国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类5种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类8种;越冬期共记录水鸟5目7科31种,国家Ⅰ级保护鸟类1种,国家Ⅱ级保护鸟类4种.(2)2个时期雁形目水鸟种类和数量均占优势,豆雁(Anser fabalis)、斑嘴鸭(Anas poecilorhycha)、赤膀鸭(Anas strepera)和绿头鸭(Anas platyrhynchos)为优势物种,丹顶鹤(Grus japonensis)、东方白鹳(Ciconia boyciana)和大大鹅(Cygnus cygnus)等珍稀水鸟也有一定的种群数量.(3)秋季迁徙期水鸟种数、数量和ShannonWiener多样性指数多于或高于越冬期.(4)5种典型生境之间水鸟种类和数量存在差异,天然水域是水鸟群落的主要分布区.(5)自然生境内的水鸟种数、数量和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数一般多于或高于人工生境.相似性分析结果表明,自然生境之间水鸟群落结构相似程度高于人工生境. 相似文献
165.
Immediate behavioural responses to earthquakes in Christchurch,New Zealand,and Hitachi,Japan 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1 下载免费PDF全文
Michael K. Lindell Carla S. Prater Hao Che Wu Shih‐Kai Huang David M. Johnston Julia S. Becker Hideyuki Shiroshita 《Disasters》2016,40(1):85-111
This study examines people's immediate responses to earthquakes in Christchurch, New Zealand, and Hitachi, Japan. Data collected from 257 respondents in Christchurch and 332 respondents in Hitachi revealed notable similarities between the two cities in people's emotional reactions, risk perceptions, and immediate protective actions during the events. Respondents' physical, household, and social contexts were quite similar, but Hitachi residents reported somewhat higher levels of emotional reaction and risk perception than did Christchurch residents. Contrary to the recommendations of emergency officials, the most frequent response of residents in both cities was to freeze. Christchurch residents were more likely than Hitachi residents to drop to the ground and take cover, whereas Hitachi residents were more likely than Christchurch residents to evacuate immediately the building in which they were situated. There were relatively small correlations between immediate behavioural responses and demographic characteristics, earthquake experience, and physical, social, or household context. 相似文献
166.
Sullivan TJ Moore JA Thomas DR Mallery E Snyder KU Wustenberg M Wustenberg J Mackey SD Moore DL 《Environmental management》2007,40(6):958-965
An experimental study was conducted in Tillamook, Oregon, USA, to quantify the effectiveness of edge-of-field vegetated buffers
for reducing transport of fecal coliform bacteria (FCB) from agricultural fields amended with dairy cow manure. Installation
of vegetated buffers on loamy soils dramatically reduced the bacterial contamination of runoff water from manure-treated pasturelands,
but the size of the vegetated buffer was not an important determinant of bacterial removal efficiency. Only 10% of the runoff
samples collected from treatment cells having vegetated buffers exhibited FCB concentrations >200 colony forming units (cfu)/100
mL (a common water quality standard value), and the median concentration for all cells containing vegetated buffers was only
6 cfu/100 mL. The presence of a vegetated buffer of any size, from 1 to 25 m, generally reduced the median FCB concentration
in runoff by more than 99%. Results for FCB load calculations were similar. Our results suggest that where substantial FCB
contamination of runoff occurs from manure-treated pasturelands, it might be disproportionately associated with specific field
or management conditions, such as the presence of soils that exhibit low water infiltration and generate larger volumes of
runoff or the absence of a vegetated buffer. Buffer size regulations that do not consider such differences might not be efficient
or effective in reducing bacterial contamination of runoff. 相似文献
167.
Lingyun Zhao Nan Li Tinglin Huang Haihan Zhang Fan Si Kai Li Yunzhi Qi Fengyao Hua Cheng Huang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(1):130-140
Naturally complete mixing promotes the spontaneous redistribution of dissolved oxygen(DO), representing an ideal state for maintaining good water quality, and conducive to the biomineralization of organic matter. Water lifting aerators(WLAs) can extend the periods of complete mixing and increase the initial mixing temperature. To evaluate the influence of artificial-induced continuously mixing on dissolved organic matter(DOM) removal performance, the variations of DOM concentrations, optical cha... 相似文献
168.
Minggang Cai Aklima Nargis Ahsan Habi Md Nazrul Islam Kai Chen Md Shafiqul Islam Sarker A N M Al-Razee Wenbin Liu Guorui Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(11):159-174
In this study, concentrations of Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were determined in road dusts collected from different locations in Dhaka to assess source, contamination status and health risk. Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to determine Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb and their mean concentrations were 162.27 ± 29.46, 721.18 ± 180.14, 35.65 ± 12.55, 104.56 ± 128.33, 515.32 ± 321.90, BDL, and 342.82 ± 591.20 mg/kg, respectively. Among the heavy metals, highest concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb were found at urban sites-7 (municipal waste dumping) and 8 (medical waste incineration). Highest concentration of Cr followed by Cu and Zn was found at site-5 (Tejgaon, urban). Principal component analysis revealed that anthropogenic activities are the potential sources for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb while earth crust for Mn. Pollution index and pollution load index results suggested that all the sites were contaminated and/or degraded by Cr, Cu, Zn and Pb except sites-9 (urban), 10 (sub-urban), 11 (rural) while sites-7 and 8 (urban) were extremely degraded. For noncarcinogenic health risk, hazard quotient values for dermal were higher compared to that of inhalation/ingestion. Though hazard index values were less than 1 at all the sites, these were at least one order of magnitude higher for children group than that of adult group, thus the children group may face more noncarcinogenic health risk at sites-7 and 8. Values of incremental lifetime cancer risk were from 10−9 to 10−11 showed no carcinogenic health risk by road dusts contaminated with the heavy metals. 相似文献
169.
Xi Zhang Jinhe Wang Kai Zhang Xiaona Shang Masahide Aikaw Guanhua Zhou Jie Li Huanhuan Li 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(4):354-364
To investigate particle characteristics and find an effective measure to control severe particle pollution, year-round observation of size-segregated inorganic aerosols was conducted in Beijing from January to December, 2016. The sampled atmospheric particles all presented bimodal size distribution at four pollution levels (clear, slight pollution, moderate pollution and severe pollution), and peak values appeared at the size range of 0.7-2.1 μm and >9.0 μm, respectively. As dominant particle compositions, NO3−, SO42−, and NH4+ in four pollution levels all showed significant peaks in fine mode, especially at the size range of 1.1-2.1 μm. Secondary inorganic aerosols accounted for about 67.6% (36.3% (secondary sulfates) + 31.3% (secondary nitrates)) of the total sources of fine particles in urban Beijing. Severe pollution of fine particles was mainly caused by the air masses transported from nearby western and southern areas, which are industrial and densely populated region, respectively. Sensitivity tests further revealed that the control measures focusing on ammonium emission reduction was the most effective for particle pollution mitigation, and fine particles all showed nonlinear responses after reducing ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate concentrations, with the fitting curves of y = -120.8x - 306.1x2 + 290.2x3, y = -43.5x - 67.8x2, and y = -25.8x - 110.4x2 + 7.6x3, respectively (y and x present fine particle mass variation (μg/m3) and concentration reduction ratio (CRR)/100 (dimensionless)). Overall, our study presents useful information for understanding the characteristics of atmospheric inorganic aerosols in urban Beijing, as well as offers policy makers with effective measure for mitigating particle pollution. 相似文献
170.
柴油车的黑碳排放对空气质量和气候变化有重要影响,但我国柴油车黑碳排放清单编制仍有较大局限性. 为进一步提高柴油车黑碳排放清单编制精度,采用整车转毂台架和热光折射的方法研究不同排放标准、行驶工况和负载状况对重型柴油货车黑碳排放的影响. 结果表明:我国排放标准升级对重型柴油货车的黑碳排放有重要影响,从国Ⅰ、国Ⅱ排放标准升级到国Ⅲ、国Ⅳ和国Ⅴ排放标准,黑碳在颗粒物中的占比由41%左右逐步提至72%左右. 行驶工况对重型柴油货车的黑碳排放也有一定影响,车辆在C-WTVC (中国重型商用车燃料消耗量测试工况)下的黑碳排放占比较VECC (重型车典型道路行驶工况)下高5%~10%. 与半载状态相比,重型柴油货车在满载状态下黑碳排放占比更高,国Ⅲ、国Ⅳ重型柴油货车满载状态下黑碳排放占比较半载状态高7%~8%,国Ⅱ重型柴油货车满载状态下黑碳排放占比较半载状态高15%左右. 研究显示,柴油货车黑碳排放清单编制要综合考虑排放标准、驾驶特征、负荷状况等对黑碳排放的影响,不宜使用固定系数利用颗粒物排放因子外推黑碳排放因子. 相似文献