Seasonal aerosol samples have been collected by Andersen Hi-Vol pumping system equipped with a five stage cascade impactor
and a backup filter (size range: 10–7.2 μ m, 7.2–3.0 μ m, 3.0–1.5 μ m, 1.5–0.95 μ m, 0.95–0.49 μ m, ≤0.49 μ m) in the Liwan
district, Guangzhou. n-Alkanes were measured using gas chromatography and PAHs were measured using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis.
The bimodal log-normal distributions of n-alkanes and semi-volatile PAHs were found, while for non-volatile PAHs that was unimodal, so much as the mode of semi-volatile
PAHs was similar with that of the particles. The n-alkanes and PAHs were preferably associated with fine particles. Cmax (carbon number maximum) (C22–C26), CPI (carbon preference index) (1.12–1.21), U/R (unresolved to resolved components ratio) (7.42–10.7), wax% (0.9–3.12%)
and the diagnostic ratios for PAHs revealed that vehicular emission was the major source of these organic compounds during
the study periods, while the contribution of epicuticular waxes emitted by terrestrial plants was minor. CPI2 (values for petrogenic hydrocarbons), CPI3 (values for biogenic n-alkanes) and wax% revealed that the natural preferentially accumulated in the larger aerosol while the anthropogenic in the
smaller. In addition, the different MMDs (mass median diameters) for n-alkanes and PAHs were observed in different seasons. The MMDs for n-alkanes and PAHs were higher in autumn/winter than those in spring/summer. The seasonal effect was related to the hydrocarbon
content in the individual particulate fractions, showing a preferential association of n-alkanes and PAHs with larger particles in the autumn/winter season. 相似文献
Recovery of phosphorus(P) from wastewater is of great significance for alleviating the shortage of P resources. At present, the P recovery process is faced with the problem of excessive organic carbon consumption when obtaining a P-concentrated recovery solution. This study proposed a new strategy to obtain a more highly concentrated P recovery solution with minimal carbon consumption by strengthening the P storage capacity of the biofilm. A biofilm sequencing batch reactor(BSBR) process was mod... 相似文献
Flood plains can make a significant contribution to food security due to their rich agricultural and aquaculture potentials but the misuse of pesticides in these ecosystems may seriously threaten their sustainability. We have assessed the risk of commonly used pesticides by rice and vegetable farmers on two major streams in the Ndop flood plain in Cameroon using the PRIMET model. Thirty pesticide formulations were identified containing 17 active ingredients belonging to fungicides (7), herbicides (3), and insecticides (7). Out of these, five posed acute and/or chronic risks to the streams. Chlorpyriphos-ethyl (ETR = 655), chlorothalonil (ETR = 250), and cypermethrin (ETR = 190) posed a definite acute risk to both streams. These pesticides also posed possible chronic risks with cypermethrin also posing a definite chronic risk (ETR = 1658) to fish in one of the streams. Mancozeb (ETR = 2.2) and λ-cyhalothrin (ETR = 2.8) posed a possible acute risk to both streams. It was interesting to note that most pesticides, including some of those that posed a risk, were applied at lower doses than their respective recommended doses. Differences in ETRs were also observed in the two streams with higher values occurring in the stream having a lower concentration of suspended solids. The higher velocity of the Ngwala-Mesaw stream did not affect the acute risk posed by pesticides. Pesticide toxicity was an important determinant in the risk posed and we recommend that appropriate mitigation measures be put in place to reduce the risk of these pesticides such as the implementation of an appropriate buffer zone between the edge of field and water body.
In order to reveal the historical context of metal element accumulation under the economic boom during the last decades in eastern China, concentrations of nine metal elements, radionuclides (210Pb), Pb isotope ratios (207Pb/206Pb) and sedimentary characteristics were investigated in two sediment cores collected from the Sheyang River. The sediments have recorded the heavy metal deposition and thus allow establishing a connection between the temporal evolution of the heavy metal pollution and historical changes in industrial and urban discharges. Enrichment factors (EFs) were calculated to estimate the level of contamination in these sediments. A significant anthropogenic enrichment of Cu, Ni, Pb, Cr and Zn was highlighted, which were identified from anthropogenic discharges from cities and industrial sources, according to a cluster analysis. According to the annual variation in GDP growth rate, industrial growth rate, ratio of 207Pb/206Pb and EFs, it was obvious that sedimentary accumulation of metals has a close relationship with anthropogenic activities. In the pre-industrial period, natural inputs prevailed with lower EF and constant 207Pb/206Pb ratios around 0.82. However, during 1980–1995, the rapid industrial development caused a gradual increase in EFs and 207Pb/206Pb (>0.83). Our results disinterred the evolution of anthropogenic metal inputs in the last century into the Sheyang River. 相似文献
在B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p)基组水平下采用密度泛函理论方法系统开展了以下工作:(1)优化得到1∶1、1∶2和1∶3铝-麦芽酚配合物10种可能构型的静态结构、NPA电荷以及能量参数,计算得到Al(ma)3配合物4种异构体的核磁共振、紫外和红外等光谱学数据并与文献实验值比较,证明本文采用的计算方法和模型适用于铝-麦芽酚体系的研究;(2)模拟1∶1和1∶2铝-麦芽酚配合物9种可能位点的水交换反应,其中3个位点计算得到的水交换反应速率对数log kex(s-1)分别为2.4(Al(ma)(H2O)2+4(cis to ma))、2.6(cis-Al(ma)2(H2O)+2(I))和3.0(trans-Al(ma)2(H2O)+2(I)),与实验值2.5(Al(ma)2+)和3.3(Al(ma)+2)相符,说明相应位点为反应活性位点;(3)探讨铝-麦芽酚配合物毒性与其形态结构之间的相关机制。 相似文献