环境噪声污染对人体健康的影响

环境噪声污染污染对人体健康危害十分严重，除影响听力外，还可能引发神经，心血管，消化，内分泌及免疫系统疾病，且对视力，优生优育均有不同程度影响。加强环境噪声污染的防治，对于保障人民健康有重要意义。     

环境样品中多氯联苯残留物的色谱/质谱定量测定

多氯联苯(简称PCB)是全球性的环境污染物之一,实际上它是由一百多种氯化联苯异构体所组成的。为了测定复杂环境样品中的PCB总残留量,Webb等首先提出了“各峰和”定量法,我们亦在先前的工作中采用二种国产PCB标样建立了相应的填充柱色谱定量方法,即分别定量测定样品中各氯化联苯色谱峰所含的PCB量,叠加后得到PCB总残留量。但是有机氯农药的广泛污染经常使PCB的测定受到干扰。我们研究了PCB及几种国内常用有机氯农药的质谱图,找出了一些能相互抗干扰的特征离子,将这些质量色谱图叠加所得的选择离子流可用于定量分析,使我们有可能同时测定几种化合物(见图1),省略了繁杂的化学分离和提纯步骤,缩短了分析时间,避免了处置过程中痕量样品的损失或沾污,增加了测定的可靠性。     

薯类酒精醪液综合治理工程技术经济分析

在充分调查目前薯类酒精醪液治理工程的基础上，结合多年的实际工作经验和研究成果，提出了薯类酒精醪液治理达标排放的基本工艺流程，并对该基本流程的主要设计环节进行了技术经济分析。     

有机絮凝剂PYM絮凝特性的研究

以乙二醛、腈类及改性剂制得有机絮凝剂ＰＹＭ，对水溶性染料活性艳红Ｘ－３Ｂ、酸性大红ＧＲ直接耐晒黑Ｇ等模拟废水及化工染料废水的净化效果和脱色机理进行了研究，结果表明，ＰＹＭ的净化效果与染料的种类、废水酸度及投量有关在适宜条件下，均可取得脱色率９７．０％～９９％、ＣＯＤ去除率达６５％～８６％的较好效果，脱色机理的研究结果表明，絮凝剂中的＝ＮＨ＾＋２结构与活性艳红中的－ＳＯ３－结合，同时分子间亦形成氢键     

Fluoride effects on the mulberry-silkworm system

Absorption and accumulation of fluoride (F) from ambient air by mulberry leaves, and its transfer and effects on silkworm development, were examined. When the concentration of F in air exceeded 1.5 microg dm(-2). day (-1), using lime filter papers as static monitors, the F content of mulbery leaves was more than 30 ppm, the threshold for injury to silkworm larvae. Fluoride-polluted mulberry leaves inhibited growth and development of silkworms. Leaves containing more than 80 ppm F severely inhibited cocoon production. Fluoride was absorbed from the atmosphere by the mulberry leaf and was transferred to the silkworm, soil, water, and back to the atmosphere, forming a cycle.     

热电厂锅炉排汽噪声治理研究

阐述了大型锅炉排汽噪声治理的原理。通过对排汽噪声特征的分析以及消声效果试验，优选设计出一种效果良好的消声器———节流降压、小孔喷注复合消声器。     

Studies on the causes of forest decline in Nanshan,Chongqing

Nanshan is located in the south suburb of Chongqing, Sichuan province in China. It is about 10 km from the city of Chongqing. There are about 2000 ha of forest, mainly Masson pines (Pinus massoniana Lamb) which have exhibited decline since the beginning of the 1980s. Surveys of stands estimated that 85% of Masson pines are injured. Symptomology of Masson pines includes tip necrosis of needles, thin crown, reduced needle length, premature abscission, branch dieback, reduced radial growth. The foliage of broadleaf treesRobinia pseudoacacia L,Quercus dentata Thunb,Eucalyptus robusta Sm,Erythrina variegata var. orientalis (L) Merr,Faulownia fortunei (Seem) Hemsl,Rosa chinensis Jacq, also displayed necrotic lesions, both marginal and interveinous, most are brown or bleached. Foliage symptoms are similar to that produced in laboratory fumigation experiments with gaseous air pollutants SO₂ or HF. The foliage injury intensity is related to the distance from the city. Forest in some localities furthest from the city exhibit approximately normal growth.Three monitoring sites had been selected in Nanshan forest area. At two sites pine trees were severely damaged. At another site they showed little damage. Atmospheric SO₂ and fluoride concentrations had been examined. The average value of SO₂ and fluoride concentrations at the two former sites were much higher than that at the latter site. The injury intensity was consistent with an increase in the concentrations of SO₂ and fluoride. The sulphur and fluoride contents of tree leaves were also monitored. Sulphur contents of pine needles at the two former sites were generally more than that at the latter. The same tendency is observed in broadleaf trees. Higher levels of fluoride had been found in foliage of injured trees compared to unijured trees.Chongqing is also an acid rain region. The yearly average pH value of precipitation approaches to 4.0, and the frequency 100%. The pH values of acid rain at the three sites in Nanshan region are 4.17, 4.20, and 4.38 respectively. The difference is not significant. Also no significant difference in soil pH among the three sites is observed. It is suggested that acid rain and the acidification of soil are not implicated in the decline of Masson pines in Nanshan region.     

Monitoring atmospheric nitrous oxide background concentrations at Zhongshan Station, east Antarctica

At present,continuous observation data for atmospheric nitrous oxide(N_2O) concentrations are still lacking,especially in east Antarctica.In this paper,nitrous oxide background concentrations were measured at Zhongshan Station(69°22′25″S,76°22′14″E),east Antarctica during the period of 2008–2012,and their interannual and seasonal characteristics were analyzed and discussed.The mean N_2O concentration was 321.9 n L/L with the range of 320.5–324.8 n L/L during the five years,and it has been increasing at a rate of 0.29% year-1.Atmospheric N_2O concentrations showed a strong seasonal fluctuation during these five years.The concentrations appeared to follow a downtrend from spring to autumn,and then increased in winter.Generally the highest concentrations occurred in spring.This trend was very similar to that observed at other global observation sites.The overall N_2O concentration at the selected global sites showed an increasing annual trend,and the mean N_2O concentration in the Northern Hemisphere was slightly higher than that in the Southern Hemisphere.Our result could be representative of atmospheric N_2O background levels at the global scale.This study provided valuable data for atmospheric N_2O concentrations in east Antarctica,which is important to study on the relationships between N2 O emissions and climate change.     

区域次生环境风险评价方法研究

针对化工园区内各装置次生环境风险进行了系统研究,建立了一套区域次生风险识别方法,并且以成品油储罐区和7万吨苯抽提装置为例对研究区燃爆类风险源和泄漏类风险源分别进行次生环境风险分析,识别化工园区内对环境有潜在威胁的风险源,结果表明：有8个危险源存在次生风险事故,且对可能发生的次生事故类型进行分析,为化工园区的次生环境风险的监控和防范提供了依据。     

N2O emission from a combined ex-situ nitrification and in-situ denitrification bioreactor landfill

A combined process comprised of ex-situ nitrification in an aged refuse bioreactor (designated as A bioreactor) and in-situ denitrification in a fresh refuse bioreactor (designated as F bioreactor) was constructed for investigating N₂O emission during the stabilization of municipal solid waste (MSW). The results showed that N₂O concentration in the F bioreactor varied from undetectable to about 130 ppm, while it was much higher in the A bioreactor with the concentration varying from undetectable to about 900 ppm. The greatly differences of continuous monitoring of N₂O emission after leachate cross recirculation in each period were primarily attributed to the stabilization degree of MSW. Moreover, the variation of N₂O concentration was closely related to the leachate quality in both bioreactors and it was mainly affected by the COD and COD/TN ratio of leachate from the F bioreactor, as well as the DO, ORP, and NO₃^?-N of leachate from the A bioreactor.