淄博市空气污染物变化及其与气象条件的关系

近年来淄博市由于加强了对二氧化硫和粉尘等污染物排放企业脱硫除尘的监管,可吸入颗粒物和二氧化硫浓度呈现逐年下降趋势,而燃煤量和机动车保有量的逐年增加使氮氧化物浓度呈现波动式上升趋势;四季分明的气候条件使淄博市的空气污染程度在一、四季度高于二、三季度;同时污染物浓度和风速、湿度呈负相关,和温度、气压呈正相关。     

镇江内江湿地植物群落演替进程中种群生态位动态

用定量分析法对镇江内江湿地植物群落演替进程中种群生态位动态进行了研究.先采用"空间代替时间"方法,选择四类典型样地,分别代表群落演替进程中四个不同阶段.再以每个调查样方作为多维资源的综合资源位,用Levins 生态位宽度公式和Pianka生态位重叠公式测算不同演替阶段内所有种群的生态位宽度以及同一演替阶段内所有种群间的生态位重叠,并分析它们的生态学意义.结果表明,不同演替阶段,群落的优势种群生态位占绝对优势,揭示了它们较强的环境适应能力和较高的资源利用能力.种群生态位动态较好地表征了演替过程中对应种群及生境的动态变化,尤其是优势种群的更迭.总体上,生态位较宽的种群间生态位重叠较大,有较多相似生态特性的种群间生态位重叠也较大.群落内种群的平均生态重叠随演替逐渐增加,至中后期最高,后期略有回落,这主要由群落内种群种内竞争和种间竞争共同作用的结果.     

宁夏盐池荒漠化地区人工封育草场的植物生态位特征

运用Levins生态宽度指数及Pianka生态位重叠指数,对宁夏盐池人工封育草原2006年和2007年植物生态位宽度及生态位重叠进行计量,以了解干旱半干旱区草原植物生态位格局.结果表明:2007年封育区植物利种的生态位宽度及种间的生态位重叠指数总体上较2006年有所降低;2006年黑沙嵩生态位宽度最大,达0.768,是06年封育区的优势种;2007年封育区的优势种为刺沙蓬和黑沙蒿,其生态位宽度值分别为0.544、0.460;2006年和2007的生态位重叠结果均表明,生态位宽度大的物种不一定和其他物种有大的重叠指数,较高的生态位宽度和较高的生态位重叠之间并不存在直接的线性关系;2006年、2007年较高的Pianka生态位重叠指数都出现在生态位宽度较小的物种之间.这一现象从另外一个角度说明植被恢复过程中环境资源存在着高度的空间异质性.     

水胺硫磷亚急性暴露对小鼠肝脏氧化应激的影响

为探讨水胺硫磷对小鼠肝脏损伤作用机制,设置0.11、1.08、2.16 mg·kg-13个低、中、高不同剂量组,以灌胃方式对昆明种小鼠进行染毒7 d后,测定小鼠肝脏组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)2种抗氧化酶的活性,以及抗氧化物质谷胱甘肽(GSH)和膜脂质过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)含量,同时观察肝脏的组织学变化。结果表明,除低剂量组外,中、高剂量组小鼠肝脏SOD和GSH-Px活性与对照组相比均受到显著抑制(P0.05),GSH的含量与对照组相比显著下降(P0.05),MDA含量与对照组相比却呈显著上升趋势(P0.01),同时各指标的变化均呈一定的剂量-效应关系。组织学观察显示中、高剂量组肝细胞出现明显水肿和坏死,肝窦狭窄甚至闭塞。结果表明氧化损伤可能是水胺硫磷致小鼠肝脏毒性损伤的作用机制之一。     

浅议我国东部矿区的生态重建技术

分析了引起华东地区矿区生态系统奴化的主要原因，并有针对性地提出了一些生态重建技术。其中包括：煤矸石、粉煤灰充填复垦，疏排法复垦，盐渍化土壤改良、水土流失防治，植被恢复和重建矿井废水治理等技术。这些技术是这一地区矿区生态重建技术体系中的主要技术。     

Simplified creation of polyester fabric supported Fe-based MOFs by an industrialized dyeing process: Conditions optimization, photocatalytics activity and polyvinyl alcohol removal

MIL-53(Fe) was successfully prepared and deposited on the surface carboxylated polyester (PET) fiber by an optimized conventional solvothermal or industrialized high temperature pressure exhaustion (HTPE) process to develop a PET fiber supported MIL-53(Fe) photocatalyst ([email protected]) for the degradation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in water under light emitting diode (LED) visible irradiation. On the basis of several characterizations, [email protected] was tested for the photocalytic ability and degradation mechanism. It was found that temperature elevation significantly enhanced the formation and deposition of MIL-53(Fe) with better photocatalytic activity. However, higher temperature than 130°C was not in favor of its photocatalytic activity. Increasing the number of surface carboxyl groups of the modified PET fiber could cause a liner improvement in MIL-53(Fe) loading content and photocatalytic ability. High visible irradiation intensity also dramatically increased photocatalytic ability and PVA degradation efficiency of [email protected] Na₂S₂O₈ was used to replace H₂O₂ as electron acceptor for further promoting PVA degradation in this system. [email protected] prepared by HTPE process showed higher MIL-53(Fe) loading content and slightly lower PVA degradation efficiency than that prepared by solvothermal process at the same conditions. These findings provided a practical strategy for the large-scale production of the supported MIL-53(Fe) as a photocatalyst in the future.     

Formation mechanism of hydrogeochemical characterization of mineral water in Antu County,Changbai Mountain area

Antu County in the Changbai Mountains is an important source of mineral water, but there is a lack of research on the source of groundwater characteristic components, affecting the protection of water resources. This study obtained hydrochemical and isotopic data (28 groups in total, April and September in 2019) by summarizing research and sampling data in order to identify the formation process of characteristics. The formation mechanism of the characteristic components was revealed using geostatistical, isotopic, and hydrogeochemical inversion simulations. The results show that the metasilicic acid is a common component of groundwater water chemistry in the study area. The water body primarily receives stable recharge from low-mineralized precipitation with ages ranging from 27.7 to 38.4 years and recharge elevations ranging from 1160 to 2393 m, providing ample time for water–rock interaction. The dissolution of olivine, pyroxene, albite, and other siliceous minerals is the source of characteristic components, and deep faults and deep basalt heat flow are the key conditions for the formation of metasilicic acid. When low-mineralized precipitation recharges the underground aquifer, it dissolves the silica-aluminate and silicon-containing minerals in the surrounding rocks through the water–rock action under the effect of CO₂, causing a large amount of metasilic acid to dissolve into the groundwater and forming metasilic acid-type mineral water.