Chlorobenzenes and organochlorinated pesticides in vegetable soils from an industrial site, China

Organochlorinated compounds are ubiquitous contaminants in the environment, especially in industrial sites. The objective of the work was to investigate whether a vegetable field near an industrial site is safe for vegetable production. The residues of chlorobenzenes (CBs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in a vegetable field which was near a chemical plant in China were characterized. Point estimate quotient was used for ecological risk assessment of the investigated site. The results showed that all CBs except monochlorobenzene (MCB) were detected in soils. The total concentrations of ∑CBs ranged from 71.06 to 716.57 ng/g, with a mean concentration of 434.93 ng/g. The main components of CBs in soil samples were dichlorobenzenes (DCBs), trichlorobenzenes (TCBs) and tetrachlorobenzenes (TeCBs), while for single congeners, 1,2,4-TCB had the highest concentration, which ranged from 13.21 to 210.35 ng/g with a mean concentration of 111.89 ng/g. Residues of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in soil samples ranged from 0.9 to 11.79 ng/g, significantly lower than ∑DCB, ∑TCB and ∑TeCB. Concentrations of ∑HCHs and ∑DDTs in soils ranged from 11.32 to 55.24 ng/g and from 195.63 to 465.58 ng/g, respectively, of which the main components were αup-HCH and p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE). Ecological risk assessment for the investigated site showed that the most potential risks were from TCBs and TeCBs, based on the hazard quotients. The higher residues of CBs and DDTs compared to the target values and the higher than 1 hazard quotients indicated that this area is not safe for vegetable production and thus soil remediation is needed.     

磺胺类抗生素复合污染降解菌的筛选及其降毒作用

磺胺类抗生素是环境中检测出率较高的一类污染物.微生物降解是一种相对安全、高效且成本低的污染物去除技术,而关于磺胺类抗生素复合污染降解菌对该类抗生素的去除及其降毒能力方面的研究较少.因此,以3种磺胺类抗生素:磺胺吡啶(SP)、磺胺氯哒嗪(SCP)和磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM2)为碳源,从土壤中筛选3种磺胺类抗生素复合污染的降解菌...     

Heavy metal contamination of road-deposited sediments in a medium size city of China

The aim of this paper is to determine and compare the environmental factors controlling vertical colonisation of periphyton on Sparganium erectum in a shallow eutrophic turbid lake, Manyas Lake, and an oligo-mesotrophic deep lake, Sapanca Lake, Turkey during the July 1997--November 1998. To investigate the effect of the environmental factors on periphyton colonization on S. erectum, the stem was cut above the rhizomes and subdivided into three equal sections. Multivariate statistical analyses have been applied to clarify relationships between environmental variables and periphyton colonization on S. erectum. Results indicated that physical disturbance and trophic level of the lakes influenced the colonization of the periphyton. Among the measured parameters, low light intensity, total suspended solids, temperature and water level fluctuation were observed as driving factors in Manyas Lake whereas nutrient deficiency was found as key factor in Sapanca Lake. The zonation of the periphyton, density, composition and dominant/subdominant taxa were significantly different in these lakes. However, Oedogonium sp., Mougeotia sp., Cylindrocapsa sp., Cladophora glomerata (Linn.), Aulacoseira italica (Ehr.) Simonsen, Melosira varians C. Agardh, Navicula tripunctata (O.F. Müller) Bory and Fragilaria ulna (Nitzsch) Lange-Bertalot were found as dominant species at all sections of S. erectum both in Manyas Lake and Sapanca Lake. It can be thought that these species have a broad range of tolerance to several physical, chemical and hydrologic disturbances. This is the first study to introduce how much the water quality and hydrologic drivers have affected vertical colonization of periphyton on S. erectum in two lakes with different mixing regimes.     

建设项目环境影响评价中环境风险防范问题研究

结合建设项目环境影响评价报告书审查的实际,指出报告书中关于环境风险防范方面存在的编制依据的有效性、工程分析的完整性、环境风险评价的规范性、公众参与的针对性、社会稳定风险评估的真实性、环境监理的适用性和竣工环境保护验收的指导性等问题。根据国家近期对环境风险防范方面的法律法规等规定及研究成果,提出相应的改进建议。     

湖州地震台观测资料在汶川8.0级地震中的映震效应综合研究

在湖州地震台现有的形变、测震、流体三大学科的观测资料基础上,对汶川8.0级地震中的映震效应综合研究,得出了水管倾斜仪、伸缩仪,这两套仪器的NS、EW两个分项,在同一个观测环境中,仪器记录的同一个地震,精度高的分量,振幅不一定大;钻孔应变仪和伸缩仪、水位、水温仪安装不同的地点,两个观测点直线距离大约五公里,从记录资料上看,两者反映地下介质变化是一致的;地形观测资料的映震效应初始时间基本和p波到时同步,流体观测资料的映震效应初始时间基本和S波到时同步。     

氟化氢对水稻和青菜产量的影响

利用开顶式熏气装置,对水稻和青菜进行长时间的HF暴露试验。通过在熏气过程中对叶片电导率、含氟量和脯氨酸的分析比较,以及在熏气结束后对水稻穗数、千粒重和青菜鲜重的生物量统计测定,讨论和评价了HF对该作物产量的影响。     

环境噪声污染对人体健康的影响

环境噪声污染污染对人体健康危害十分严重，除影响听力外，还可能引发神经，心血管，消化，内分泌及免疫系统疾病，且对视力，优生优育均有不同程度影响。加强环境噪声污染的防治，对于保障人民健康有重要意义。     

环境样品中多氯联苯残留物的色谱/质谱定量测定

多氯联苯(简称PCB)是全球性的环境污染物之一,实际上它是由一百多种氯化联苯异构体所组成的。为了测定复杂环境样品中的PCB总残留量,Webb等首先提出了“各峰和”定量法,我们亦在先前的工作中采用二种国产PCB标样建立了相应的填充柱色谱定量方法,即分别定量测定样品中各氯化联苯色谱峰所含的PCB量,叠加后得到PCB总残留量。但是有机氯农药的广泛污染经常使PCB的测定受到干扰。我们研究了PCB及几种国内常用有机氯农药的质谱图,找出了一些能相互抗干扰的特征离子,将这些质量色谱图叠加所得的选择离子流可用于定量分析,使我们有可能同时测定几种化合物(见图1),省略了繁杂的化学分离和提纯步骤,缩短了分析时间,避免了处置过程中痕量样品的损失或沾污,增加了测定的可靠性。     

薯类酒精醪液综合治理工程技术经济分析

在充分调查目前薯类酒精醪液治理工程的基础上，结合多年的实际工作经验和研究成果，提出了薯类酒精醪液治理达标排放的基本工艺流程，并对该基本流程的主要设计环节进行了技术经济分析。     

有机絮凝剂PYM絮凝特性的研究

以乙二醛、腈类及改性剂制得有机絮凝剂ＰＹＭ，对水溶性染料活性艳红Ｘ－３Ｂ、酸性大红ＧＲ直接耐晒黑Ｇ等模拟废水及化工染料废水的净化效果和脱色机理进行了研究，结果表明，ＰＹＭ的净化效果与染料的种类、废水酸度及投量有关在适宜条件下，均可取得脱色率９７．０％～９９％、ＣＯＤ去除率达６５％～８６％的较好效果，脱色机理的研究结果表明，絮凝剂中的＝ＮＨ＾＋２结构与活性艳红中的－ＳＯ３－结合，同时分子间亦形成氢键