Health risk assessment of heavy metals in soil-plant system amended with biogas slurry in Taihu basin,China

Biogas slurry is a product of anaerobic digestion of manure that has been widely used as a soil fertilizer. Although the use for soil fertilizer is a cost-effective solution, it has been found that repeated use of biogas slurry that contains high heavy metal contents can cause pollution to the soil-plant system and risk to human health. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of biogas slurry on the soil-plant system and the human health. We analyzed the heavy metal concentrations (including As, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr and Cd) in 106 soil samples and 58 plant samples in a farmland amended with biogas slurry in Taihu basin, China. Based on the test results, we assessed the potential human health risk when biogas slurry containing heavy metals was used as a soil fertilizer. The test results indicated that the Cd and Pb concentrations in soils exceeded the contamination limits and Cd exhibited the highest soil-to-root migration potential. Among the 11 plants analyzed, Kalimeris indica had the highest heavy metal absorption capacity. The leafy vegetables showed higher uptake of heavy metals than non-leafy vegetables. The non-carcinogenic risks mainly resulted from As, Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn through plant ingestion exposure. The integrated carcinogenic risks were associated with Cr, As and Cd in which Cr showed the highest risk while Cd showed the lowest risk. Among all the heavy metals analyzed, As and Cd appeared to have a lifetime health threat, which thus should be attenuated during production of biogas slurry to mitigate the heavy metal contamination.     

Quantitative structure-toxicity relationships of organophosphorous pesticides to fish (Cyprinus carpio)

This study was conducted to determine the relationships between 1381 chemical and structural parameters of 43 organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and their toxicity to fish, Cyprinus carpio, using ChemOffice 8.03 and Dragon 2.1. By multivariate linear regression and intervariable regression analyses, various equations have been derived to calculate the lethal toxicity value, LC(50), for 43 OPs found in fish with different levels of toxicity. Results show that for all selected OPs, especially those of low toxic OPs (LC(50)< 2.5 mM), the equation, LC(50) = 56.259 - 13.071 lg K(ow)+17.510 MATS8P-17.455 Mor24u - 0.085 MW + 1.706 (lg K(ow))(2) + 2.306 (Mor14e)(2) + 6.849 Mor20 m (n = 43, F = 36.815, r = 0.942, r(adj)(2) = 0.862, SE = 2.899, p < 10(-6)), could account for 86.2% of the variability of the toxic effect. The steric and electronic characteristics and the hydrophobicity of OPs, in particular, are among the most important parameters determining the toxicity of OPs to fish. For the OPs with high toxicity, different structural parameters were introduced into the following two equations: LC(50)=3.795-1.195 (H1p)(2)-0.037 U-2.225 MATS3v-19.593 Tcon (n = 16, F = 56.820, r = 0.977, r(adj)(2) = 0.937, SE = 0.143, p < 10(-6)), where LC(50) is less than 2.5 mM, and LC(50) = 0.341-0.561 (HOMA)(2) + 0.231 HOMA (n = 3,r(adj)(2) = 1), where LC(50) is less than 0.3 mM. These results suggest that chemical and structural parameters could be useful in modeling chemical reactivity within homologous series of OP compounds and elucidating possible mechanisms associated with different levels of toxicity to fish.     

Hydrochemical appraisal of groundwater quality and pollution source analysis of oil field area: a case study in Daqing City,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Serious groundwater pollution not only affects the development of enterprises but also threatens the life and health of residents. To explore the...     

Life cycle assessment of an industrial symbiosis based on energy recovery from dried sludge and used oil

Recovering energy from wastes is a useful strategy for integrated waste and energy management in an eco-industrial park (EIP) and gives promising reduction of wastes, total energy consumption and operation cost. In Jinqiao EIP, Pudong New Area, Shanghai, an industrial symbiosis, based on the energy recovery from municipal sewage sludge and re-refined oil, was proposed in the central heat-supplying company of Jinqiao EIP. It is expected that hot off-gas or part of the steam from the central heat-supplying company could be used for sludge drying and used oil re-refining while the dried sludge and refined oil can be partial substitution for fossil fuel. For the purpose of assessing the environmental performance of this industrial symbiosis, life cycle assessment (LCA) was used and different scenarios were set up in this study to evaluate the Global warming Potential (GWP), Acidification Potential (AP), Eutrophication Potential (EP), Human toxicity air (HTA) and Total Environmental Impact Potential (TEIP) of the system. Results indicate that when the substitute ratio of coal by sludge is 14%, the proposed industrial symbiosis has the least environmental impact. Compared with the current situation (sludge is landfilled), co-combustion of dried sludge and re-refined oil with coal at optimal scale will release less CO₂, CH₄, NO_x, N₂O and CO, but more SO₂, H₂S, NH₃, HCl, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) and heavy metals.     

海河干流浮游植物调查及环境影响因子研究

为研究海河干流汛期富营养化状况,于2013年8月对海河干流进行了浮游植物调查和水质监测,并采用冗余分析(RDA),研究了浮游植物群落与环境因子的关系.结果表明,浮游植物共计5门37种(属),优势种为水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)、微小色球藻(Chroococcus minutus)、颤藻属(Oscillatoria sp.)、钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)和梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana).浮游植物丰度范围为583.00～12 021.00×104 cells·L-1,生物量范围为4.01 ～45.70 mg·L-1,以蓝藻为主,海河干流处于重富营养状态.RDA分析结果表明,硝酸盐氮是显著影响海河干流浮游植物丰度变化的主要环境因子.控制营养盐的输入是防治海河干流蓝藻水华的主要措施.     

政府环境绩效审计研究综述

为了对政府环境绩效审计的有关理论问题有一个系统深入的认识,促进环境绩效审计工作的发展,文章对政府环境绩效审计方式尤其是评价指标体系等方面的国内外研究进展进行了综述,对审计的核心内容、主要方法和实现途径进行了探讨,期望为我国环境绩效审计工作指标体系、核心内容、主要方法和实现途径等工作的开展提供借鉴作用。     

工业企业清洁生产审核实践——以中航沈飞民用飞机有限责任公司为例

文章总结了中航工业沈飞民机公司实施清洁生产审核的实践过程,在对全公司的生产现状、原辅材料消耗、废物产生情况、能源消耗情况进行分析后,针对管理和生产中存在的问题,提出具体的清洁生产方案,论证具体方案的环境经济效益后,投入公司正常生产运行环节,有效削减能源和原料消耗,减少污染物排放水平,提升公司的国际市场竞争力,实现经济和环境的和谐发展。     

园艺生产中环境保护问题

园艺花卉产业的发展与其它农业生产一样，面临着各种环境问题，突出表现在化肥、农药对环境的污染、野生花卉种质资源和生产多样性的破坏以及对生物安全的威胁等。实现园艺花卉业可持续发展，应立足生态农业，提高科学技术水平和管理水平，保护野生花卉种质资源。同时，作者提出了野生花卉资源收集、保护、繁育等方面开发国际使用的设想。     

煤炭工业发展与土地资源管理

土地资源是一种不可再生资源，一旦破坏就很难再恢复，新的《土地管理法》对土地的保护提出了更为严格的措施；煤炭工业是土地破坏的大户，新的《土地管理法》的颁布加重了煤炭企业破坏土地的赔偿负担，煤炭工业的发展面临更为严峻的形势。在当前情况下，探讨煤炭工业发展与土地资源管理之间的二元关系对于实现煤炭工业可持续发展具有十分现实的意义。     

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran concentrations in common fish species in the Pearl River Delta area, China

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran (PCDD/Fs) concentrations in 31 fish samples from 19 commonly consumed freshwater and saltwater species from the Pearl River Delta Area were analyzed. The PCDD/Fs dietary intake from fish for the local population was evaluated to provide a database for setting the national PCDD/F limits in fish for the People's Republic of China. The median concentration from the 31 fish samples was 1.27 pg/g wet weight for the total of PCDD/Fs, and the median WHO-TEQ was 0.26 pg/g wet weight, and ranged from 0.063 to 1.30 pg WHO-TEQ/g wet weight. The dominant contributors to the WHO-TEQ were 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, which accounted for 38% and 28%, respectively. The dietary intake of PCDD/Fs from fish for local people was estimated to be 0.47 pg WHO-TEQ/kg bw x day. In view of the findings, the dietary of PCDD/Fs from other foods of animal origins in China should be studied in more detail as soon as possible in order that standards can be put forward to protect human health.