Selective removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from water by molecularly-imprinted amino-functionalized silica gel sorbent

A molecularly-imprinted amino-functionalized sorbent for selective removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid(2,4-D) was prepared by a surface imprinting technique in combination with a sol-gel process.The 2,4-D-imprinted amino-functionalized silica sorbent was characterized by FT-IR,nitrogen adsorption and static adsorption experiments.The selectivity of the sorbent was investigated by a batch competitive binding experiment using an aqueous 2,4-D and 2,4-dichlorophenol(2,4-DCP) mixture or using an aqueous 2...     

Evaluation of phosphorus removal from wastewater by soils in rural areas in China

Low-cost, easy-maintenance and high-e ciency decentralized wastewater treatment technologies are urgently needed in rural areas of China. Processes with high potential for phosphorus removal are of great interest. However, commonly used treatment methods often do not meet the strict criteria for removing phosphorus from rural wastewater. In order to search an economic and simple technology for phosphorus removal from the common bio-technologies e uent, seven soil types collected from di erent rural areas in China were investigated for their ability to remove phosphorus. X-ray di raction (XRD) was used to analyse the mineral structure, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used to analyse the geochemical composition of the soil samples. Three primary minerals – quartz, albite and montmorillonite – were clearly detected. The samples were divided into two soil types, acidic soils and alkaline soils, based on their pH values. The geochemical composition study indicated that a higher percentage of Ca and Mg occurred in alkaline soils (pH > 8) than in acidic soils (pH < 6.5). Adsorption isotherms from batch experiments fitted the Langmuir and Freundlich models well, the maximum P adsorption capacities ranged from 0.256 to 1.598 mg P/g, indicating a high phosphorus removal potential for all of these soils. The P fractions extracted revealed that the sum of NaOH-extracted inorganic P (NaOH-Pi) was the major P component in the acidic soils, and CaCO3-bound phosphorus (Ca-P) in the alkaline soils. Dynamic adsorption simulation showed that these soils have the ability to remove phosphorus from wastewater.     

Ambient levels of atmospheric carbonyls in Beijing during the 2008 Olympic Games

The measurements of atmospheric carbonyls concentrations in Beijing were conducted from 12 July to 8 October, 2008, covering the periods of the 2008 Olympic Games and Paralympic Games. Six carbonyls, including formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, butyraldehyde, valeraldehyde, and hexaldehyde, were identified in all air samples. The total average concentrations of these carbonyls before, during, and after traffic restriction were (48.1 ± 15.2), (36.6 ± 14.5) and (23.4 ± 12.3) μg/m3, respectively. Compared with the period after traffic restriction, the distinct high concentrations of the carbonyls before and during traffic restriction were primarily ascribed to the remarkable contribution of photochemical reactions. With respect to our previous investigation in the summer of 2005, the reductions of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone during traffic restriction period were about 64%, 47% and 27%, respectively, indicating that the air cleaning actions adopted by the Chinese government for the two games were efficient. The lowest levels of atmospheric carbonyls and the extremely high composition proportion of acetone after the traffic restriction were mainly attributed to the long-term effect of the control measures for the two games.     

我国主要蔬菜和粮油作物的砷含量与砷富集能力比较

根据国内外文献报道,对蔬菜和粮油作物中砷的累积特点和富集能力进行总结和分析.结果表明.清洁区和污染区蔬菜的砷含量变幅分别为0.001-1.07 mg·kg-1和0.001-8.51 mg·kg-1(鲜重),均值分别为0.035 mg·kg-1和0.068 mg·kg-1不同种类蔬菜的砷含量由大到小,依次为:叶菜类>根茎类>茄果类>鲜豆类;清洁区和污染区粮油作物的砷含量变幅分别为0.001-2.20 mg·kg-1和0.007-6.83 mg·kg-1(干重),均值分别为0.081 mg·kg-1和0.294 mg·kg-1,其中水稻的砷含量显著高于小麦和玉米.从富集系数来看,叶莱类蔬菜的砷富集系数最高,芹菜、蕹菜、茼蒿、芥菜等蔬菜的抗砷污染能力较弱.粮食作物玉米的抗砷污染能力较强.与蔬菜砷限量标准(GB4810-1994)相比,我国砷污染区的蔬菜中有32.2%的样本砷含量超标,其中叶菜类和根茎类的超标率分别为47.9%和12.8%.与粮食砷限量标准(GB4810-1994)比较,我国污染区粮油作物的样本砷超标率为34.8%,其中水稻的超标率高达42.9%.玉米和小麦的超标率均高于20%.     

全程高温好氧堆肥快速降解城市生活垃圾

为了提高堆肥处理城市生活垃圾（MSW）的速率和质量,设计了一种外加热源的全程高温好氧堆肥工艺.实验以全程高温好氧堆肥和传统好氧堆肥两种方法对MSW进行了60d的堆肥处理.同时,监测了堆肥的pH和温度等参数的变化情况,并以C/N、种子发芽率(GI)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)、比好氧速率(SOUR)和脱氢酶（DH-ase）活性为指标评价了堆肥的腐熟度和质量.结果表明,全程高温堆肥法和传统堆肥法的堆肥周期分别为16d和28d,两种方法得到的产品其pH值均在7左右.在第31d将全程高温堆肥产品置于30℃恒温箱时,其理化性质没有出现明显波动,说明其堆肥产品性质稳定.因此,全程高温好氧堆肥法能明显缩短堆肥周期、提高堆肥质量,具有很大的应用潜力.     

绿化林带对交通噪声的衰减效果

为了研究公路绿化林带的降噪效果,对路侧林带降低实时交通噪声的效果进行定位测量,并将交通噪声人工编辑为不同频率的噪声,在远离交通噪音的林带中进行模拟试验,测定林带对不同频率噪声的衰减效果.结果表明：林带对交通噪声衰减有一定作用,其作用随能见度增大而降低;林带降噪效果随林带宽度增大而增大,可决系数为0.990,但在30m宽度内随林带宽度的增加,噪声的降低速率有所下降;不同林带类型的降噪效果有所不同,所选30m宽林带类型中,国槐纯林的降噪效果最佳可达15.38dB,而杨树、柳树纯林降噪效果较弱,分别为7.25、11.02dB;林带对中低频率噪声的平均衰减作用高于高频率噪声.     

新标准下垃圾焚烧飞灰化学稳定技术的比选和研究

研究了新的生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准(GB168892008)实施后,飞灰要进入生活垃圾卫生填埋场时传统的重金属稳定方法可行性,并在此基础上提出了新的复合药剂稳定法.研究结果表明,已经报道的化学药剂稳定法均有必要重新检验其对重金属的稳定效果是否满足新的填埋标准的要求.绿矾与TMT-18配合使用、绿矾用量为25%（质量分数）以下、TMT-18的用量为8‰左右时完全可以使飞灰中所有重金属浸出浓度满足新的填埋标准要求,是处理二噁英含量不高于3 ng·g-1(以TEQ计)飞灰的一种经济处理技术.对二噁英含量高于3 ng·g-1 (TEQ)的飞灰,采用绿矾辅助水热处理的方法可以稳定包括Pb、Cd在内的所有重金属和降解二噁英使之符合新填埋标准对飞灰填埋的要求.     

江西龙南-定南-全南地区泥盆系与钨铋多金属矿的关系探讨

赣南素有"世界钨都"之称,而龙南-定南-全南(简称"三南")地区是世界钨都中的重要钨铋成矿区,钨铋成矿与三南地区广布的泥盆纪地层密不可分;由此本文通过对三南地区的泥盆系的微量元素的分布及其丰度、以及W、Bi等成矿元素在不同岩性中的丰度等进行了初步分析与讨论,认为W成矿元素在泥盆系中丰度仅次于寒武纪地层,高于其它地层,并高出地壳克拉克值的2～4倍,而Bi元素则高达几十倍.在细碎屑岩石中含量最高,与钨铋成矿关系最为密切.     

井喷点火后对周边井和集气站的影响研究

以实际工程项目为例,利用计算流体动力学软件（CFD）,以3种不同压力、外界风速和2种出口直径为边界条件,分别对井喷情况下的流场分布进行了18组数值模拟计算,并对模拟结果及其对周边设施的影响进行了分析。数值模拟结果表明,在压力为10MPa,出口直径为62mm,风速为1m／s时,井喷后气流的出口速度超过400m／s,而火焰表面温度超过1500K,喷射火对周边建筑物的伤害范围超过65m,对周边的设备与建筑造成毁坏;超过104m才不会有明显伤害。     

太阳电池阵基板原子氧防护膜试验评价研究

对太阳电池阵基板用涂有有机硅／SiO2杂化涂层的Kapton膜进行的工程化应用试验评价研究进行了介绍。通过真空下材料的出气试验,对材料的总质量损失（TML）和可凝挥发物（CVCM）进行了测试。进行了温度冲击试验、粒子辐照试验,对涂层的环境耐受性进行了研究。通过原子氧试验,对带涂层薄膜的原子氧剥蚀率进行了研究。此外还对涂层薄膜进行了力学性能试验和粘接性能试验,对带涂层薄膜的拉伸强度、胶接剪切性能及与基板胶接后的剥离性能进行了测试。试验结果表明防护涂层满足工程应用的技术要求。