嘉兴南湖不同湖区浮游动植物群落结构特征与环境因子关系

为了解不同区域生态修复后环境因子对浮游动植物群落分布的影响,于2021年1月（竣工后）对南湖A、 B、 C、 D和S区的环境因子及浮游动植物开展调查.结果表明,生态修复区较未修复区水体总氮（TN）、溶解性总氮（DTN）、氨氮（NH⁺₄-N）、硝氮（NO^-₃-N）、总磷（TP）和溶解性总磷（DTP）浓度显著降低,溶解氧（DO）显著增高（P<0.05）.研究区浮游植物种类以绿藻和硅藻为主,浮游动物种类以原生动物和轮虫为主.修复区浮游植物生物量较未修复区低,浮游植物与浮游动物物种数升高.聚类与主坐标分析显示修复区浮游动植物群落差异显著（P<0.05）,其中A区和B区游动植物结构较为相似.冗余分析（RDA）结果显示,DO、 NO^-₃-N、 pH和水温（WT）是影响浮游植物群落分布的主要环境因子;DO、 NO^-₃-N、 NH⁺₄-N和TP是驱动浮游动物群落分布的主要环...     

异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌Psracoccus pantotrophus ATCC 35512的研究进展

近年来发现了一类具有偶联异养硝化-好氧反硝化功能的细菌.Paracoccus pantotrophus ATCC 35512是其中最早发现的细菌.通过对该菌株16S rRNA序列和细胞色素c的氨基酸序列分析,确立其为一个新种Paracoccuspantotrophus,ATCC 35512被确定为模式株.该菌株的异养硝化-好氧反硝化偶联途径假说被提出,其反应途径中涉及的一系列酶和电子传递体也陆续被纯化研究.本文综述了对该菌株系统分类、形态和生理生化特征、硝化-反硝化偶联假说及氮循环酶系等的研究进展,并提出了进一步揭示异养硝化-好氧反硝化现象的研究方向.     

宿迁3次突发性空气重污染过程对比分析

利用空气质量资料、常规观测资料、NCEP1.0°×1.0°再分析资料，应用数理统计、天气学等方法对宿迁市3次突发性重污染天气进行对比分析.结果表明：①宿迁"突发"空气重污染时，AQI级别由前一日的一、二级至第2日转为五级以上，AQI值迅速上升.②3次空气重污染过程天气背景相似，高层为宽广平直的偏西气流，地面受高压控制，中低层风向和温度平流突然转变，且都有深厚的逆温层结；持续变化较小的气压梯度、较低风速、温度日较差及相对湿度的增大（150328过程（即2015年3月28日—4月1日污染过程）除外）为颗粒物浓度迅速增长提供了条件.③大气稳定度级别迅速变高和混合层高度迅速降低并维持，对污染物快速聚集有显著影响.④物理量诊断表明，污染发生前期上空为弱上升运动，随后迅速转为下沉运动，或气流下沉运动区域迅速扩大、升高，是空气质量迅速转差的重要动力因素.⑤内蒙古地区的沙尘远距离输送形成的污染，是造成150328过程与另外两次过程明显不同的主要原因.     

准好氧填埋场垃圾样品中甲烷氧化菌的群落多样性分析

为了探讨准好氧垃圾填埋场中的甲烷氧化机理,本研究利用RealTime-PCR和PCR-DGGE技术对其中的甲烷氧化菌分别进行了定量分析和群落多样性分析。研究结果表明,PCR-DGGE技术可以用于垃圾样品中甲烷氧化菌的微生物多样性分析;在距导气管0、2.5、5.0、10.0和15.0 m处垃圾样品中甲烷氧化菌的数量分别为1.13×109、2.22×108、2.38×108、2.20×107和5.21×106g-1,呈现逐渐降低的趋势;垃圾样品中甲烷氧化菌的丰富度和香侬多样性指数依次为：0 m〉2.5 m〉5.0 m=10.0m〉15.0 m,此外,垃圾样品中甲烷氧化菌可归为：Methylocaldum（甲基暖菌属）、Methylobacterium（甲基杆菌属）和Methylocystis（甲基孢囊菌属）,且优势菌种为Type I型Methylocaldum。     

川中丘陵区典型小流域地下水硝酸盐污染分析

对川中丘陵区典型小流域地下水N素含量及形态分配的监测结果表明,硝酸盐(NO3--N)是该地区地下水N素存在的主要形态。川中丘陵区54.5%的地下水NO3--N含量超过世界卫生组织(WHO)饮用水准则规定的10mg.L-1标准,另有27.3%的地下水NO3--N含量接近这一标准,表明该区地下水已经大范围地受到NO3--N污染的威胁。土地利用状况可能是影响川中丘陵区地下水NO3--N含量的主要因素。降雨量和水井深度也影响该区地下水NO3--N含量。紫色土坡耕地NO3--N随壤中流向浅层地下水迁移,可能是造成该区地下水NO3--N含量较高的最重要原因。     

MBR工艺处理粮油加工废水的研究

采用MBR(Membrane Bioreactor)工艺对粮油加工废水进行处理发现,污染物的去除是活性污泥和膜截留共同作用的结果,试验中微生物的去除作用占污染物总去除率的62.9%~88.1%,起主要作用。当系统的污泥负荷和容积负荷分别在0.4~0.54 kgCOD/kgMLSS.d之间和3.8~5.0 kgCOD/m3.d之间变化时,系统对COD的去除率在92.5%以上。本试验所用膜的临界膜通量为8~10 L/(m2.h),系统污泥浓度从1~2g/L增加到10~12g/L时,临界膜通量从10~12L/(m2.h)下降到了3~4 L/(m2.h),随着膜面流速从1.0m/s上升到1.8m/s,膜的临界通量也相应的从4~6 L/(m2.h)上升到了16~18 L/(m2.h),呈正相关。     

浙江省土地利用非农化与城市化的空间关系计量

Land use is an important carrier and intuitive result of urbanization process. Driven by the dual transformation of China’s land system and developed regional economy, the interrelationship between urbanization and land use non agriculturalization in coastal areas and its evolution are uniquely explored. Based on the county land use information of Zhejiang Province in 2005, 2010 and 2015, this paper quantitatively analyzes the differentiation of county comprehensive urbanization, land use non agriculturalization and the conversion source and flow of key county construction land in 2005-2015. Then use the Theil index and the bivariate spatial autocorrelation method to explore the spatial correlation model of urbanization level and land use non agriculturalization in Zhejiang Provinces. (1) The level of urbanization in Zhejiang County is rapidly increasing and gradually achieving spatial balance and forming a group like urbanization situation centered on Hangzhou, Ningbo,Jinhua, Wenzhou and other municipal districts; the focus of construction land changes from the central and northern plains to the southeast coastal plains. However, the increase in the municipal area is still the most obvious. The increase or decrease of land for agricultural conversion is the key reason for the large scale change in construction land in Zhejiang County; (2) The spatial positive correlation between land non agriculturalization and urbanization in Zhejiang Province has increased significantly, and the spatial differentiation situation has been highlighted. It has shown that the high aggregation area has shifted from the middle part to the east coast of Zhejiang and the islands. In general, the high high type is mostly distributed in the northern Zhejiang Plain, while the low low type extends from the coastal to the inland. (3) There is a significant scale effect of comprehensive urbanization and land use non agriculturalization in Zhejiang Province, and the correlation difference increases with spatial scale. This study reveals the spatial correlation between urbanization and land non agriculturalization in the period of urbanization of economically developed provinces. It has important guiding value for promoting the synergy of land use planning and urban planning, and implementing land transfer and trans administrative area replacement according to local conditions.     

Recovery of Ni(II) from real electroplating wastewater using fixed-bed resin adsorption and subsequent electrodeposition

Resin adsorption and subsequent electrodeposition were used for nickel recovery. Treated wastewater can meet the Electroplating Pollutant Discharge Standard. The spent resin is completely regenerated by 3 BV of 4% HCl solution. 95.6% of nickel in concentrated eluent was recovered by electrodeposition. Effective recovery of high-value heavy metals from electroplating wastewater is of great significance, but recovering nickel ions from real electroplating wastewater as nickel sheet has not been reported. In this study, the pilot-scale fixed-bed resin adsorption was conducted to recover Ni(II) ions from real nickel plating wastewater, and then the concentrated Ni(II) ions in the regenerated solution were reduced to nickel sheet via electrodeposition. A commercial cation-exchange resin was selected and the optimal resin adsorption and regeneration conditions were investigated. The resin exhibited an adsorption capacity of 63 mg/g for Ni(II) ions, and the average amount of treated water was 84.6 bed volumes (BV) in the pilot-scale experiments. After the adsorption by two ion-exchange resin columns in series and one chelating resin column, the concentrations of Ni(II) in the treated wastewater were below 0.1 mg/L. After the regeneration of the spent resin using 3 BV of 4% (w/w) HCl solution, 1.5 BV of concentrated neutral nickel solution (>30 g/L) was obtained and used in the subsequent electrodeposition process. Using the aeration method, alkali and water required in resin activation process were greatly reduced to 2 BV and 3 BV, respectively. Under the optimal electrodeposition conditions, 95.6% of Ni(II) in desorption eluent could be recovered as the elemental nickel on the cathode. The total treatment cost for the resin adsorption and regeneration as well as the electrodeposition was calculated.     

水体中重要污染元素化学形态分析研究方法及其进展

概述了元素化学形态分析的意义、概念和范围，元素化学形态分析与模拟计算方法，并分别对某些重要元素的化学形态分析方法的进展作了综述，介绍了１１５篇文献。     

有毒化学品的污染评价与控制技术

对有毒化学品进行简介 ;建议从生理毒性、属性毒性及生命周期等方面建立有毒化学品的污染评价系统 ,为有毒化学品的应用、管理和处理处置提供理论依据 ;针对不同的有毒化学品及其排放情况与浓度组分拟选用物化处理法、化学处理法及生物处理法作为污染控制技术。