Life cycle assessment of ACQ-treated lumber with comparison to wood plastic composite decking

A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment was done to identify the environmental impacts related to alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ)-treated lumber used for decking and to determine how the impacts compare to the primary alternative product, wood plastic composite (WPC) decking. A model of ACQ-treated lumber life cycle stages was created and used to calculate inputs and outputs during the lumber production, treating, use, and disposal stages. Lumber production data are based on published sources. Primary wood preservative treatment data were obtained by surveying wood treatment facilities in the United States. Product use and disposal inventory data are based on published data and professional judgment. Life cycle inventory inputs, outputs, and impact indicators for ACQ-treated lumber were quantified using functional units of 1000 board feet and per representative deck (assumed to be 320 square feet (30 square meters) of surface decking material) per year of use. In a similar manner, an inventory model was developed for the manufacture, use, and disposal of the primary alternative product, WPC. Impact indicator values, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, fossil fuel use, water use, acidification, smog forming potential, ecological toxicity, and eutrophication were quantified for each of the two decking products. National normalization was done to compare the significance of a representative deck surface per year of use to a family’s total annual impact footprint.If an average U.S. family adds or replaces a deck surfaced with ACQ-treated lumber, their impact “footprint” for GHG emissions, fossil fuel use, acidification, smog forming potential, ecological toxicity, and eutrophication releases each is less than one-tenth of a percent of the family’s annual impact. ACQ-treated lumber impacts were fourteen times less for fossil fuel use, almost three times less for GHG emissions, potential smog emissions, and water use, four times less for acidification, and almost half for ecological toxicity than those for WPC decking. Impacts were approximately equal for eutrophication.     

磺胺甲恶唑对赤子爱胜蚓肠道微生物群落的影响

肠道菌群已被证实有助于宿主的健康和代谢功能，但环境污染物对动物肠道微生物的影响却很少报道.因此，本研究将赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia fetida）暴露于抗生素（磺胺甲恶唑）污染土壤28 d后，基于16S rRNA高通量测序技术分析了蚯蚓肠道微生物群落组成，并探讨了抗生素污染对蚯蚓肠道菌群结构的影响.结果表明，土壤中磺胺甲恶唑对蚯蚓的存活率和生长无明显影响，但可以引起蚯蚓肠道微生物群落的紊乱.磺胺甲恶唑的添加能够使蚯蚓肠道微生物群落多样性水平降低，并引起肠道内支杆菌属（Mycobacterium）和Luteolibacter的丰度显著降低，也能显著增加肠道内拜纳蒙纳斯属（Balneimonas）和疣微菌科（Verrucomicrobiaceae）的丰度，而芽胞杆菌属（Bacillus）等优势菌的丰度在肠道内较为稳定.同时，赤子爱胜蚓肠道微生物群落主要以放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）为主，并与周围土壤菌群组成存在显著差异.此外，蚯蚓肠道细菌群落多样性低于周围土壤细菌群落多样性，这可能是由于蚯蚓肠道自身微环境和共选择造成的.这些结果有助于更好地理解抗生素污染在土壤动物肠道微生态系统中的风险传播.     

武汉市巡司河中抗生素分布特征及生态风险评价

采用大体积直接进样—超高效液相色谱串联质谱法分析武汉市巡司河中45种抗生素的存在水平,评估其可能存在的生态风险。在巡司河布设6个采样点,于2022年12月—2023年5月进行采样并分析。结果显示,6个采样点共检出27种抗生素,检出最大质量浓度为874.2 ng/L;其中,氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星检出率均为100%。监测期间,12月抗生素平均质量浓度最高（101.05 ng/L）,4月最低（25.87 ng/L）。6个点位中,点位S3与S5抗生素平均质量浓度高于其他点位,分别为1 721.20和1 734.07 ng/L;点位S4是巡司河与长江的交汇处,抗生素平均质量浓度最低（94.54 ng/L）。利用风险商值法对巡司河中抗生素生态风险开展评价,结果表明：氧氟沙星、罗红霉素和克拉霉素呈现出较高风险,左氧氟沙星、林可霉素和莫西沙星在大多数点位处于中等风险,其余几种抗生素风险较低。     

地方环境管理信息系统的图形设计与微机实现

图形管理是REMIS的重要组成部分。本文从REMIS图形需求着手,概括图形功能,提出设计原则和实施环境,并介绍了在微机上实现的方法与步骤。     

Biodegradation of Epoxy and MF Modified Polyurethane Films Derived from a Sustainable Resource

Mesua ferrea L. seed oil (MFLSO) modified polyurethanes blends with epoxy and melamine formaldehyde (MF) resins have been studied for biodegradation with two techniques, namely microbial degradation (broth culture technique) and natural soil burial degradation. In the former technique, rate of increase in bacterial growth in polymer matrix was monitored for 12 days via a visible spectrophotometer at the wavelength of 600 nm using McFarland turbidity as the standard. The soil burial method was performed using three different soils under ambient conditions over a period of 6 months to correlate with natural degradation. Microorganism attack after the soil burial biodegradation of 180 days was realized by the measurement of loss of weight and mechanical properties. Biodegradation of the films was also evidenced by SEM, TGA and FTIR spectroscopic studies. The loss in intensity of the bands at ca. 1735 cm⁻¹ and ca. 1050 cm⁻¹ for ester linkages indicates biodegradation of the blends through degradation of ester group. Both microbial and soil burial studies showed polyurethane/epoxy blends to be more biodegradable than polyurethane/MF blends. Further almost one step degradation in TG analysis suggests degradation for both the blends to occur by breakage of ester links. The biodegradation of the blends were further confirmed by SEM analyses. The study reveals that the modified MFLSO based polyurethane blends deserve the potential to be applicable as “green binders” for polymer composite and surface coating applications.     

初沉池对污水中无机悬浮固体的影响

随着生物除磷脱氮工艺的大量使用,初沉池的设置和取消一直在学术和工程界存在争议。以重庆市某污水厂为对象,从对无机悬浮固体(ISS)、COD和TN去除效果的角度探讨了初沉池在污水处理系统的重要性。研究结果表明,在合流制排水体制下,该污水厂进水污染物浓度非常高,COD、SS和ISS的平均浓度分别为560、1 100和780 mg/L;初沉池对COD、SS和ISS的去除率分别为61%、78%和85%,对ISS的去除率比COD高20%左右;污水经过初沉池沉淀之后,ISS/COD从1.7下降到0.7左右,COD/TN从8.0左右下降到4.3,粒径由40μm下降到30μm。初沉池对大粒径的ISS具有较好的去除效果,未能被去除的小粒径ISS容易悬浮在混合液中,降低MLVSS/MLSS。从ISS/COD的削减和保持混合液MLVSS/MLSS正常的角度来讲,初沉池不应取消。     

Investigation of the impacts of tunnel excavation on karst groundwater and dependent geo-environment using hydrological observation and numerical simulation: a case from karst anticline mountains of southeastern Sichuan Basin,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Tunnel excavation has significant disturbance on groundwater system and related geo-environment, especially in karst regions like southwestern China....     

处理低温低碳源城市污水的A/A/O氧化沟工艺脱氮运行工况优化

针对低温低碳源条件下城市污水的生物脱氮效果不佳的问题,采用A/A/O氧化沟中试装置在实际污水厂开展了冬季低温低碳源条件下不同运行工况的优化研究。通过实验,从3种工况中确定了最优的运行工况,即共采用5个转盘,其中前3个低速运行,第4个高速运行,第5个关闭。在最优运行工况下,系统对COD、NH4+-N、TN平均去除率分别为86.5%、75.4%和70.1%,出水COD、NH 4+-N、TN平均浓度分别为21.0、6.1和14.9 mg/L,出水水质全部优于国家《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)中的一级B标准,出水COD、NH4+-N、TN达到一级A标准的比例分别为100%、20%和40%。     

川藏铁路沿线地区夏季气温日较差的影响因素研究

利用ERA5再分析资料,分析了1979—2018年川藏铁路沿线区域气候特征.研究了2014—2018年夏季气温日较差(DTR)的变化趋势,以及2014—2018年夏季DTR与地面太阳辐射(SSR)、总降水量(TP)、总云量(TCC)、海拔(DEM)和地表平均蒸发率(MER)的相关性.结果表明:研究区域气温呈上升趋势,2...     

Management Strategies for Ecocities of Sustainable Development

Building ecocities becomes an objective requirement for sustainable development. This article discusses the relationship between sustainable development and sustainable urban development. On the basis of discussing the sigificance of sustainable urban development and that of an eco-city from different perspectives, it suggests several management strategies for developing an eco-city, a desirable sustainable urban model.