COD在线监测仪器比对监测采样误差分析研究

化学需氧量(COD)和悬浮物(SS)是衡量污水对外界环境的污染程度的重要指标.化学需氧量是指在强酸并加热条件下,用重铬酸钾作为氧化剂处理水样时所消耗氧化剂的量.悬浮物即"不可滤残渣"是指将水过滤后留在过滤材料上的物质.针对引起比对分析监测结果中采样环节误差的原因,从理化概念入手,分析了环境样品随沉降时间不同引起的CODcr值的变化,以及CODcr值与SS值的相关性,并提出了相应的对策.以提高COD在线监测结果的科学性、可靠性,使其更好地发挥COD在线监测仪在环境管理中的作用,为污染减排和污染物总量控制工作提供准确、科学的技术支持.     

Overview on recent advances of magnetic metal–organic framework (MMOF) composites in removal of heavy metals from aqueous system

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Developing a novel, simple, and cost-effective analytical technique with high enrichment capacity and selectivity is crucial for environmental...     

武汉市巡司河中抗生素分布特征及生态风险评价

采用大体积直接进样—超高效液相色谱串联质谱法分析武汉市巡司河中45种抗生素的存在水平,评估其可能存在的生态风险。在巡司河布设6个采样点,于2022年12月—2023年5月进行采样并分析。结果显示,6个采样点共检出27种抗生素,检出最大质量浓度为874.2 ng/L;其中,氧氟沙星、左氧氟沙星检出率均为100%。监测期间,12月抗生素平均质量浓度最高（101.05 ng/L）,4月最低（25.87 ng/L）。6个点位中,点位S3与S5抗生素平均质量浓度高于其他点位,分别为1 721.20和1 734.07 ng/L;点位S4是巡司河与长江的交汇处,抗生素平均质量浓度最低（94.54 ng/L）。利用风险商值法对巡司河中抗生素生态风险开展评价,结果表明：氧氟沙星、罗红霉素和克拉霉素呈现出较高风险,左氧氟沙星、林可霉素和莫西沙星在大多数点位处于中等风险,其余几种抗生素风险较低。     

地方环境管理信息系统的图形设计与微机实现

图形管理是REMIS的重要组成部分。本文从REMIS图形需求着手,概括图形功能,提出设计原则和实施环境,并介绍了在微机上实现的方法与步骤。     

硫毒化NH3-SCR脱硝催化剂再生方式的构建及机制研究

以CeTi复合氧化物负载NH₄HSO₄(模拟SO₂毒化催化剂)为研究对象,并向其中掺杂Mo作为改性组分,研究了硫毒化催化剂的再生过程与机制.与热再生相比,冷等离子体在再生毒化后催化剂的过程中显现出独特的优势.通过对再生后催化剂的物理化学性质表征及优化再生气氛,确认了冷等离子再生催化剂的优点：不仅能够保持催化剂物相结构的稳定,还可促进催化剂表面NH₄HSO₄的低温分解和硫物种的脱附.虽然冷等离子体再生后的催化剂NH₃-SCR反应活性下降,但可通过纯O₂气氛中焙烧的方式,实现对催化剂物理化学性质的重构和催化活性的再生.通过此研究,初步建立了催化剂“毒化-再生-重构”的基本构效关系,为硫中毒NH₃-SCR脱硝催化剂的再生提供了可行性方案.     

Biodegradation of Epoxy and MF Modified Polyurethane Films Derived from a Sustainable Resource

Mesua ferrea L. seed oil (MFLSO) modified polyurethanes blends with epoxy and melamine formaldehyde (MF) resins have been studied for biodegradation with two techniques, namely microbial degradation (broth culture technique) and natural soil burial degradation. In the former technique, rate of increase in bacterial growth in polymer matrix was monitored for 12 days via a visible spectrophotometer at the wavelength of 600 nm using McFarland turbidity as the standard. The soil burial method was performed using three different soils under ambient conditions over a period of 6 months to correlate with natural degradation. Microorganism attack after the soil burial biodegradation of 180 days was realized by the measurement of loss of weight and mechanical properties. Biodegradation of the films was also evidenced by SEM, TGA and FTIR spectroscopic studies. The loss in intensity of the bands at ca. 1735 cm⁻¹ and ca. 1050 cm⁻¹ for ester linkages indicates biodegradation of the blends through degradation of ester group. Both microbial and soil burial studies showed polyurethane/epoxy blends to be more biodegradable than polyurethane/MF blends. Further almost one step degradation in TG analysis suggests degradation for both the blends to occur by breakage of ester links. The biodegradation of the blends were further confirmed by SEM analyses. The study reveals that the modified MFLSO based polyurethane blends deserve the potential to be applicable as “green binders” for polymer composite and surface coating applications.     

Life cycle assessment of ACQ-treated lumber with comparison to wood plastic composite decking

A cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment was done to identify the environmental impacts related to alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ)-treated lumber used for decking and to determine how the impacts compare to the primary alternative product, wood plastic composite (WPC) decking. A model of ACQ-treated lumber life cycle stages was created and used to calculate inputs and outputs during the lumber production, treating, use, and disposal stages. Lumber production data are based on published sources. Primary wood preservative treatment data were obtained by surveying wood treatment facilities in the United States. Product use and disposal inventory data are based on published data and professional judgment. Life cycle inventory inputs, outputs, and impact indicators for ACQ-treated lumber were quantified using functional units of 1000 board feet and per representative deck (assumed to be 320 square feet (30 square meters) of surface decking material) per year of use. In a similar manner, an inventory model was developed for the manufacture, use, and disposal of the primary alternative product, WPC. Impact indicator values, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, fossil fuel use, water use, acidification, smog forming potential, ecological toxicity, and eutrophication were quantified for each of the two decking products. National normalization was done to compare the significance of a representative deck surface per year of use to a family’s total annual impact footprint.If an average U.S. family adds or replaces a deck surfaced with ACQ-treated lumber, their impact “footprint” for GHG emissions, fossil fuel use, acidification, smog forming potential, ecological toxicity, and eutrophication releases each is less than one-tenth of a percent of the family’s annual impact. ACQ-treated lumber impacts were fourteen times less for fossil fuel use, almost three times less for GHG emissions, potential smog emissions, and water use, four times less for acidification, and almost half for ecological toxicity than those for WPC decking. Impacts were approximately equal for eutrophication.     

初沉池对污水中无机悬浮固体的影响

随着生物除磷脱氮工艺的大量使用,初沉池的设置和取消一直在学术和工程界存在争议。以重庆市某污水厂为对象,从对无机悬浮固体(ISS)、COD和TN去除效果的角度探讨了初沉池在污水处理系统的重要性。研究结果表明,在合流制排水体制下,该污水厂进水污染物浓度非常高,COD、SS和ISS的平均浓度分别为560、1 100和780 mg/L;初沉池对COD、SS和ISS的去除率分别为61%、78%和85%,对ISS的去除率比COD高20%左右;污水经过初沉池沉淀之后,ISS/COD从1.7下降到0.7左右,COD/TN从8.0左右下降到4.3,粒径由40μm下降到30μm。初沉池对大粒径的ISS具有较好的去除效果,未能被去除的小粒径ISS容易悬浮在混合液中,降低MLVSS/MLSS。从ISS/COD的削减和保持混合液MLVSS/MLSS正常的角度来讲,初沉池不应取消。     

磺胺甲恶唑对赤子爱胜蚓肠道微生物群落的影响

肠道菌群已被证实有助于宿主的健康和代谢功能，但环境污染物对动物肠道微生物的影响却很少报道.因此，本研究将赤子爱胜蚓（Eisenia fetida）暴露于抗生素（磺胺甲恶唑）污染土壤28 d后，基于16S rRNA高通量测序技术分析了蚯蚓肠道微生物群落组成，并探讨了抗生素污染对蚯蚓肠道菌群结构的影响.结果表明，土壤中磺胺甲恶唑对蚯蚓的存活率和生长无明显影响，但可以引起蚯蚓肠道微生物群落的紊乱.磺胺甲恶唑的添加能够使蚯蚓肠道微生物群落多样性水平降低，并引起肠道内支杆菌属（Mycobacterium）和Luteolibacter的丰度显著降低，也能显著增加肠道内拜纳蒙纳斯属（Balneimonas）和疣微菌科（Verrucomicrobiaceae）的丰度，而芽胞杆菌属（Bacillus）等优势菌的丰度在肠道内较为稳定.同时，赤子爱胜蚓肠道微生物群落主要以放线菌门（Actinobacteria）、变形菌门（Proteobacteria）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）为主，并与周围土壤菌群组成存在显著差异.此外，蚯蚓肠道细菌群落多样性低于周围土壤细菌群落多样性，这可能是由于蚯蚓肠道自身微环境和共选择造成的.这些结果有助于更好地理解抗生素污染在土壤动物肠道微生态系统中的风险传播.     

多级A/O-电解除磷-生态净化组合工艺在变电站生活污水处理中的工程应用

辽宁省某变电站生活污水处理工程为研究对象,采用多级A/O-电解除磷-生态净化池组合工艺用于变电站实际生活废水处理;同时分析该组合系统在污染物去除、运行维护等方面的特点。实际运行情况表明：该工艺对COD、SS、NH₄⁺-N、TP的平均去除率均达到了90%以上的较好效果,各项出水指标均满足辽宁省地方排放标准 (DB 21/1627-2008《污水综合排放标准》) 中的排放要求;电解除磷最优技术参数为电压24 V、极板间距4 cm、电解时间12 h。此外,该组合工艺运行成本低,吨水成本仅为0.62元,且自动化程度高,安装方式灵活,同样适用于北方寒冷地区。本研究结果可为变电站生活污水处理工程提供设计经验与工程案例参考。