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51.
Vyas NB Spann JW Hulse CS Gentry S Borges SL 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,133(1-3):209-214
The US Environmental Protection Agency conducts risk assessments of insecticide applications to wild birds using a model that
is limited to the dietary route of exposure. However, free-flying birds are also exposed to insecticides via the inhalation
and dermal routes. We measured azinphos-methyl residues on the skin plus feathers and the feet of brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in order to quantify dermal exposure to songbirds that entered and inhabited an apple (Malus x domestica) orchard following an insecticide application. Exposure to azinphos-methyl was measured by sampling birds from an aviary
that was built around an apple tree. Birds sampled at 36 h and 7-day post-application were placed in the aviary within 1 h
after the application whereas birds exposed for 3 days were released into the aviary 4-day post-application. Residues on vegetation
and soil were also measured. Azinphos-methyl residues were detected from the skin plus feathers and the feet from all exposure
periods. Our results underscore the importance of incorporating dermal exposure into avian pesticide risk assessments. 相似文献
52.
Sílvia Maria Martelli Geovana Rocha Plácido Moore João Borges Laurindo 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2006,14(3):215-222
In poultry industry chicken feathers are normally hydrolyzed and used to prepare animal feed. In this work the use of this material to prepare films was investigated. Keratins were extracted from chicken feathers with 2-mercaptoethanol in concentrated urea solution using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The effect of varying the amount of sorbitol on properties of chicken feather keratin (CFK) was investigated. As the concentration of plasticizer increased, the moisture content (MC) of these films increase, the monolayer MC increased from 0.060 (without plasticizer) to 0.482 g water/g dry matter (0.30 g sorbitol/g keratin). The water vapor permeability (WVP) varied between 0.096 g/m s Pa and 8.098 g/m s Pa for films without sorbitol and with 0.30 g sorbitol/g keratin, respectively. Film strength decreased from 5.13 MPa to 0.45 MPa and the elongation at break achieved the maximum value of 52.75% for samples with 0.02 g sorbitol/g keratin. The dry matter density didn’t change significantly, varying between 0.86–0.89 g/cm3 for all samples. Films with potential applications in food packaging can be obtained from CFKs. However, further researches are necessary to decrease film solubility and increase mechanical resistance. 相似文献
53.
Pratti Gabriela Montine Resende Detoni Igor dos Reis de Souza Resende Georgio Patrcio Mansur Marcelo Borges Lemos Leandro Rocha da Silva Guilherme Liziero Ruggio 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2022,24(2):702-711
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Fluff is a shredder waste made up mostly of polymeric material generated in semi-integrated steel manufacturing plants, which is usually disposed... 相似文献
54.
The titanium dioxide assisted photodegradation of Diquat and Paraquat herbicides solutions has been the subject of the present investigation, considering its direct application in the treatment of contaminated waters and soils. To have a better understanding of the photodegradation process, different types of TiO2, commercial and 'home prepared' Ti(1-x)FexO2 (x = 0% and 4%), were used as catalysts, using an UV light as radiation source. The degradation reactions were followed by UV spectroscopy and the intermediates and reaction products were characterised by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESIMS) combined with collision-induced dissociation (CID) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). The present study shows that, for photocatalytic degradation of Diquat and Paraquat solutions, a basic pH can be determinant, as well as the type of catalyst. The type of catalyst can also strongly influence the degradation pattern of the herbicide. Regarding complete degradation, we were able to show that Diquat is more persistent than Paraquat. During the photocatalytic processes, several intermediate and reaction products are sequentially formed, to which structures are proposed. 相似文献