Facile synthesis of graphene-based hyper-cross-linked porous carbon composite with superior adsorption capability for chlorophenols

In this work, we proposed a green and cost-effective method to prepare a graphene-based hyper-cross-linked porous carbon composite (GN/HCPC) by one-pot carbonization of hyper-cross-linked polymer (HCP) and glucose. The composite combined the advantages of graphene (GN) and hyper-cross-linked porous carbon (HCPC), leading to high specific surface area (396.93 m²/g) and large total pore volume (0.413 cm³/g). The resulting GN/HCPC composite was applied as an adsorbent to remove 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) from aqueous solutions. The influence of different solution conditions including pH, ionic strength, contact time, system temperature and concentration of humic acid was determined. The maximum adsorption capacity of GN/HCPC composite (calculated by the Langmuir model) could reach 348.43 mg/g, which represented increases of 43.6% and 13.6% over those of the as-prepared pure GN and HCPC, respectively. The Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetic model were found to fit well with the adsorption process. Thermodynamic experiments suggested that the adsorption proceeded spontaneously and endothermically. In addition, the GN/HCPC composite showed high adsorption performance toward other organic contaminants including tetracycline, bisphenol A and phenol. Measurement of the adsorption capability of GN/HCPC in secondary effluent revealed a slight decrease over that in pure water solution. This study demonstrated that the GN/HCPC composite can be utilized as a practical and efficient adsorbent for the removal of organic contaminants in wastewater.     

Forecasting industrial water demand in Huaihe River Basin due to environmental changes

A framework is proposed for forecasting industrial water demand in the context of climate change, economic growth, and technological development. The framework was tested in five sub-basins of Huaihe River of China, namely Upstream of Huaihe River (UH), Middlestream of Huaihe River (MH), Downstream of Huaihe River (DH), Yishusi River (YSSR), and Coastal River of Shandong Peninsula (CSP) to project future changes in industrial water demand under different environment change scenarios. Results showed that industrial water demand in Huaihe River basin will increase in the range of 10 to 44.6% due to economic development, water-saving technological advances, and climate change. The highest increase was projected by general circulation model (GCM) BCC-CSM1–1 (179.16 × 108 m³) and the lowest by GCM GISS-E2-R (132.4 × 10⁸ m³) in 2020, while the GCM BNU-ESM projected the highest increase (190.57 × 10⁸ m³) and GCM CNRM-CM5 the lowest (160.41 × 10⁸ m³) in 2030. Among the different sub-basins, the highest increase was projected in MH sub-basin where industrial water demand is already very high. On the other hand, the lowest increase in industrial water demand was projected in UH sub-basin. The rapid growth of high water-consuming industries and increased water demand for cooling due to temperature rise are the major causes of the sharp increase in industrial water demand in the basin. The framework developed in the study can be used for reliable forecasting of industrial water demand which in turn can help in selection of an appropriate water management strategy for adaptation to global environmental changes.     

新疆萨尔布拉克金矿矿床地球化学及矿床成因

本文介绍萨尔布拉克金矿成矿元素、稀土元素、稳定同位素及石英气─液包裹体的地球化学特征及其在时空上的演化规律．提出成矿元素主要来自地层中的火山物质，下石炭统南明水组的一套火山碎屑岩是矿源层，成矿元素是在动力变质作用下活化、迁够，最后在断裂的交汇部位富集、沉淀、成矿。     

软土地基上生活垃圾卫生填埋场的岩土工程问题与对策

生活垃圾卫生填埋场是处理固体废弃物的有效方法之一.尽管国内外学者对与垃圾填埋场相关的许多问题已经做了大量的研究工作,但是对软土地基上填埋场可能引起的一些岩土工程问题研究不多.针对软土地基上的填埋场,分析了填埋场在建设与运营过程将会遇到的若干岩土工程问题.针对填埋场的沉降、稳定性等问题,提出了将垃圾荷载看作变量对地基沉降进行计算和设计.考虑垃圾体的稳定性,分析由于地基破坏而引起的整体稳定性问题和变形引起的衬里系统的内部稳定性问题,研究地基处理的可行性和适应性,并加强填埋过程中的岩土工程监测工作.     

企业一体化管理体系实施模式探讨

笔者依据ISO90 0 1、ISO14 0 0 1及OHSAS180 0 1标准 ,为企业进行质量、环境及职业安全健康管理体系整合并实现一体化管理提出了实施模式     

盐矿安全问题及环境污染的防治

我国水溶开采岩盐的回采率较低 ,主要是由盐井事故 (如卤水渗漏、地面冒卤等 )引起的。盐矿旱采残渣堆存地面 ,水溶开采中顶板跨塌、冒卤 ,卤水输送过程中管壁渗漏等对土壤造成污染 ,可采用种植耐盐植物、客土和深翻的方法进行改良。卤水对区内地表水污染 ,造成某些水域中氯化物含量超出农用灌溉水标准 ,可将制盐废水用于水溶回采和生产化工产品的原料 ,氯化钠含量较高的废水可回收其中的盐分 ;制盐过程空气中飞扬的盐尘 ,可采用旋风除尘器除尘 ,车间内也可用水喷洒处理 ,采用种植耐盐植物净化车间周边空气。岩盐矿床常伴生天然气 ,其在卤水中有一定的溶解度 ,可采取多次预热的方法实现气卤分离 ,且回收的甲烷可作为能源使用     

大气污染物质的干性沉着及其计测

在分析了大气污染物质干性沉着特点的基础上，重点讨论了干性沉着短期计测的扩散管法和4段滤纸法以及求算气体流束F的涡相关法，倾度法和热平衡法，这对我国进一步开展大气污染物质干性沉着机理的解明及其对环境影响的把握研究具有重要意义。     

龙岩城区空气污染成因分析及控制

通过分析多年的环境监测数据，确定龙岩市城区环境空气首要污染物是TSP。同时对TSP污染原因进行了较详细的分析，并对TSP的控制提出切实可行的方案。     

关于加强开发区建设环境保护管理工作的思考

建设开发区是我国探索社会主义市场经济建设的一项重大举措，对吸引外资和发展经济起到了十分重要的作用，但开发区建设中的环境保护管理工作却是我国建设项目环境管理中的薄弱环节。本文通过对开发区建设环境保护管理工作中存在的问题及产生原因的分析，提出了加强开发区建设环境保护管理工作的一些思路，以减少人为干扰，增加环境保护工作的指导性。     

从剖面上晶屑含量变化探讨火山灰流凝灰岩火山爆发的机制

处于重力稳定状态的岩浆房要产生喷发作用，其可能的躯动力有两种：其一是开放体系岩浆房的下部岩浆脉冲补给使岩浆房体积膨胀，产生可克服上覆围岩强度的超压；其二是封闭岩浆房中的结晶作用，导致挥发组分出溶、体积膨胀而产生克服上覆围岩强度的超压。本文通过对江西广丰地区中生代火山灰流相凝灰岩研究认为，这两种可能的火山喷发机制可通过剖面上晶屑含量与岩石地球化学成分的对应变化关系来识别，前者为晶屑含量呈递增的喷发韵律，而化学成分无明显变化，后者则晶屑含量呈快速递减的喷发韵律，化学成分变化较大。这两种机制的识别，对于预测现代活火山喷发周期，分析古火山活动阶段有重要的意义。