Enhanced removal of Cr(Ⅵ) by biochar with Fe as electron shuttles

Biochar is extensively used as an effective soil amendment for environmental remediation.In addition to its strong contaminant sorption capability, biochar also plays an important role in chemical transformation of contaminant due to its inherent redox-active moieties.However, the transformation efficiency of inorganic contaminants is generally very limited when the direct adsorption of contaminants on biochar is inefficient. The present study demonstrates the role of Fe ion as an electron shuttle to enhance Cr(Ⅵ) reduction by biochars. Batch experiments were conducted to examine the effects of Fe(Ⅲ) levels,pyrolysis temperature of biochar, initial solution pH, and biochar dosage on the efficiency of Cr(Ⅵ) removal. Results showed a significant enhancement in Cr(Ⅵ) reduction with an increase in Fe(Ⅲ) concentration and a decrease of initial pH. Biochar produced at higher pyrolysis temperatures(e.g., 700°C) favored Cr(Ⅵ) removal, especially in the presence of Fe(Ⅲ), while a higher biochar dosage proved unfavorable likely due to the agglomeration or precipitation of biochar. Speciation analysis of Fe and Cr elements on the surface of biochar and in the solution further confirmed the role of Fe ion as an electron shuttle between biochar and Cr(Ⅵ). The present findings provide a potential strategy for the advanced treatment of Cr(Ⅵ) at low concentrations as well as an insight into the environmental fate of Cr(Ⅵ) and other micro-pollutants in soil or aqueous compartments containing Fe and natural or engineered carbonaceous materials.     

Ecological and health risks of DDTs and HCHs in surface water from the upper reaches of the Huaihe River

Based on the available toxicity data and the concentrations of DDTs and HCHs in surface water from the upper reaches of the Huaihe River, overlapping areas of probability density and margin of safety (MOS₁₀) were used to estimate the risk levels of DDTs and HCHs to aquatic organisms. The overlapping areas of α-HCH, γ-HCH, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, and p,p′-DDT were found to be 9.3 × 10^?5, 4.6 × 10^?3, 4.3 × 10^?2, 2.2 × 10^?2, and 4.2 × 10^?2, respectively. The risks from DDTs were higher than those from HCHs, the risk from α-HCH being the smallest. The MOS₁₀ values of α-HCH, γ-HCH, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, and p,p′-DDT were 2.6 × 10³, 97, 5.9, 15, and 8.6, respectively, i.e. greater than 1.0, indicating limited overlaps between the distributions of exposure concentrations and of toxicity data, and thus minimal ecological risk. Health risk calculations based on incremental lifetime risks for HCHs and DDTs were conducted to evaluate human cancer risk and non-carcinogenic hazard. The total cancer risks from organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the studied area were in the range of 10^?8–10^?7, lower than the baseline value of acceptable risk (10^?6). Non-carcinogenic hazard indices of OCPs ranging from 10^?6 to 10^?5 were much lower than the threshold values (1.0). These results suggest that the water from the upper reaches of the Huaihe River does not pose any health risk for local residents using river water as a source for drinking water.     

含油废水异质结微通道分离机理及实验

石油炼制废水等石化行业含油废水普遍存在油分与悬浮物高度复合、油分乳化且水质剧烈波动等特征,其达标处理成为关乎企业绿色发展与产能拓展的关键因素。针对含油废水分离资源化需求,采用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)、四氢呋喃(THF)、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)、固化剂等配制涂敷剂,通过喷涂石英砂制备了改性颗粒,并混合常规石英砂构建了异质结颗粒群,由此开发出异质结微通道沸腾床分离实验装置,考察了其对复合污染乳化废水中污染物的分离效果。结果表明：涂覆改性颗粒的接触角明显增加,且改性颗粒与油滴接触的微界面动态识别过程表明其较原始石英砂的疏油性显著增加;异质结颗粒群经过撕裂、剥离和聚并过程,将乳化液中10μm以下的细小油滴有效聚结并确保废水油分去除率超过92%。针对油分和悬浮物质量浓度不超过50 000 mg·L^-1的实际石化废水,现场10 m3·h^-1规模的异质结微通道沸腾床侧线实验结果表明,在常规工况和波动工况条件下,其出水平均油分质量浓度分别为11.4 mg·L^-1和18.2 mg·L^-1,悬浮物质量浓度则分别...     

西北四省吸收性气溶胶时空动态分布及其影响因素

利用OMAERUV数据日产品,对西北四省(陕西省、甘肃省、青海省和宁夏回族自治区)2005-2019年紫外吸收性气溶胶指数(Ultraviolet Aerosol Index,UVAI)数据进行提取及分析,探讨其时空变化特征及影响因素.结果表明:在时间变化上,西北四省UVAI值呈波动上升的变化趋势;季节方面,UVAI均...     

应用概率物种敏感度分布法研究太湖铜水生生物水质基准

运用概率物种敏感度分布法获得太湖水体中铜的急性水质基准值为14.57μg·L-1,慢性水质基准值为3.26μg·L-1;不同类别物种敏感性存在差异,无脊椎动物较脊椎动物更敏感,甲壳类敏感性大于鱼类。概率物种敏感度分布法与传统的物种敏感度分布法相比,更全面合理地考虑多种毒性效应,曲线拟合效果好,受数据量大小影响较小,结果更加稳定。研究结论可为铜水质标准的修订和太湖流域水环境管理提供技术支持。     

轻型汽油车蒸发排放特征及温度对蒸发排放的影响

车辆蒸发排放是城市地区大气环境中VOCs（挥发性有机物）的重要人为源.选取满足国五排放标准的轻型汽油车,采用满足国Ⅵ（A）汽油标准的汽油,在密闭舱内设定两种不同温度,研究蒸发排放特征及温度对蒸发排放的影响.结果表明:①6辆车热浸VOCs蒸发排放因子范围为0.01~0.10 g/h,昼间损失VOCs蒸发排放因子范围为0.09~1.49 g/d,低于已有研究中国四或国三车辆的蒸发排放水平.②昼间损失VOCs蒸发排放水平远超过热浸VOCs蒸发排放水平.③热浸蒸发排放过程中密闭舱内VOCs质量呈近似线性增长,昼间损失蒸发排放过程中密闭舱内VOCs质量呈先快后缓的增长特征.④温度升高后,热浸和昼间损失VOCs蒸发排放因子均明显增加.温度由25℃升至38℃后,热浸VOCs蒸发排放因子增加36.0%~533.9%;温度从18~33℃升至23~38℃后,昼间损失VOCs蒸发排放因子增加16.7%~106.2%.研究显示,温度变化对热浸和昼间损失VOCs蒸发排放因子均影响明显.      

Enhanced removal of Cr(VI) by biochar with Fe as electron shuttles

Biochar is extensively used as an effective soil amendment for environmental remediation. In addition to its strong contaminant sorption capability, biochar also plays an important role in chemical transformation of contaminant due to its inherent redox-active moieties. However, the transformation efficiency of inorganic contaminants is generally very limited when the direct adsorption of contaminants on biochar is inefficient. The present study demonstrates the role of Fe ion as an electron shuttle to enhance Cr(VI) reduction by biochars. Batch experiments were conducted to examine the effects of Fe(III) levels, pyrolysis temperature of biochar, initial solution pH, and biochar dosage on the efficiency of Cr(VI) removal. Results showed a significant enhancement in Cr(VI) reduction with an increase in Fe(III) concentration and a decrease of initial pH. Biochar produced at higher pyrolysis temperatures (e.g., 700°C) favored Cr(VI) removal, especially in the presence of Fe(III), while a higher biochar dosage proved unfavorable likely due to the agglomeration or precipitation of biochar. Speciation analysis of Fe and Cr elements on the surface of biochar and in the solution further confirmed the role of Fe ion as an electron shuttle between biochar and Cr(VI). The present findings provide a potential strategy for the advanced treatment of Cr(VI) at low concentrations as well as an insight into the environmental fate of Cr(VI) and other micro-pollutants in soil or aqueous compartments containing Fe and natural or engineered carbonaceous materials.     

MODIS时序影像的福建近岸叶绿素a浓度反演

叶绿素a(Chl-a)浓度是可以直接遥感反演的重要水质参数之一,常用来评价近岸水体的富营养化程度.为有效监测福建近岸水域中的叶绿素a浓度变化,本文利用MODIS时间序列影像数据,采用适用于小样本数据的机器学习方法随机森林(Random Forest, RF)和传统的特征波段比值(Band Ratio, BR)方法,结合时序浮标观测数据,在浮标观测站点有限的情况下,采用"以时间连续补空间稀疏"的建模策略,分别对福建近岸不同时相叶绿素a浓度进行遥感反演,并对反演结果进行验证与分析.结果显示RF、BR两种方法反演的均方根误差(RMSE)分别为0.49、0.52μg·L~(-1),平均绝对百分比误差(MAPE)分别为37.50%、50.20%,平均决定系数(R~2)分别为0.87、0.21.可见,基于MODIS时序影像的RF模型可较准确估测福建近岸叶绿素a浓度,且精度优于BR模型.在近岸水环境普遍恶化且浮标观测站点有限的情况下,本研究可提供一种有效监测叶绿素a浓度的方法,有利于福建近岸水环境(如赤潮)的遥感监测.     

热碱-EDTA耦合法强化污泥破解及效果分析

采用热碱-EDTA耦合法进一步提升热碱法破解污泥的效果,以期减少碱量和热能的消耗。选用影响污泥破解效果的pH、温度和EDTA投加量等因素设计L_(16)(4~5)的正交实验,在得出最佳污泥破解条件下,对比考察了热碱法和热碱-EDTA耦合法破解污泥的效果。结果表明,热碱-EDTA耦合法相比热碱破解法,破解后SCOD、TN、TP、多糖和蛋白质溶出量分别提高了14.7%、5.6%、9.9%、3.6%和25.9%,污泥残渣中VS的含量(21.93%)也小于热碱破解法(29.68%),破解液中分子质量小于400 Da的小分子物质占比(40.68%)大于热碱破解的对应结果 (32.34%)。通过污泥粒径测定和SEM观察发现,热碱-EDTA耦合法破解的污泥粒径分布峰值响应小于热碱破解,污泥固体分散性优于热碱破解。通过分析可知,热碱-EDTA耦合法可以提高中低温条件下热碱破解的有机物溶出率和有机物水解性能,降低污泥残渣中VS的相对含量,热碱-EDTA耦合法相比热碱法强化了污泥的破解效果。     

Precipitation projection over Daqing River Basin (North China) considering the evolution of dependence structures

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Understanding dynamic future changes in precipitation can provide prior information for nonpoint source pollution simulations under global warming....