基于因子分析的嫩江重要省界缓冲区水质评价研究

嫩江流域省界缓冲区水质监测与评价,是针对2010年和2015年引起嫩江省界缓冲区水环境质量主要污染物的变化分析,判断主要超标指标为有机生化指标。为进一步明确嫩江缓冲区水质影响关键因子,采用因子分析评价嫩江重要省界缓冲区水质状况。依据因子的荷载矩阵,2010年和2015年的主导因子均累计解释了原始向量80%以上的信息,反映了这两年水环境和污染因子之间的关系。嫩江流域省界缓冲区流域水质状况分析,为今后对嫩江流域水功能区目标管理提供理论支持。     

ABR+生物接触氧化法处理高浓度有毒有机废水

本文采用ABR+生物接触氧化组合工艺处理含苯酚的高COD有毒有机废水,实验研究了ABR反应器的抗毒性及对COD、苯酚和NH3-N的处理效果。实验结果表明:废水COD和苯酚的去除主要发生在厌氧阶段;在苯酚质量浓度1 000 mg/L左右时,ABR反应器和常规厌氧反应器的处理效率均出现明显的下降趋势,但ABR反应器对苯酚的耐受浓度明显高于常规厌氧反应器;相比于常规厌氧反应器,ABR反应器推流式的特性实现了产酸和产甲烷优势菌群的分离,具有较高的COD、苯酚的去除率和较强的抗毒性;对NH3-N的去除,ABR反应器的强化效果不明显。     

An inventory of long-lived radionuclides residual from underground nuclear testing at the Nevada test site, 1951-1992

An inventory of long-lived radionuclides produced by 828 underground nuclear tests conducted at the Nevada test site (NTS) from 1951 to 1992 includes residual tritium, fission products, actinides, and activation products. Recently, the US Department of Energy approved the declassification of the NTS radionuclide inventory by principal geographic test centers. This permits unclassified publication of radionuclide totals for the Yucca Flat, Pahute Mesa-Area 19, Pahute Mesa-Area 20, Frenchman Flat, and Rainier Mesa/Shoshone Mountain testing locations. Activities are reported as of September 23, 1992, the date of the last underground nuclear test conducted at the NTS, and September 23, 2492, after 500 years of radioactive decay. The availability of these data affords an opportunity for the analysis of the radiologic source term within the boundaries of local hydrogeologic units and provides insight to where radionuclides are sited relative to potential exposure pathways.     

A review of the impact of outdoor and indoor environmental factors on human health in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that global climate change has led to the increased occurrence of extreme weather...     

五老峰隧道岩爆声发射参数特征研究

为研究岩爆事件的声发射特征,为岩爆灾害的进一步监测预警提供依据,对五老峰隧道掌子面附近区域岩爆事件进行声发射监测,以RA均值作为主要参数,研究岩爆发生前后的参数变化规律,并通过与b值等参数分析结果的相互印证,对比岩爆信号与爆破震动信号之间的区别。试验结果表明:不同传感器因为布设位置、耦合程度的差异,接收到的声发射信号数量与参数分布范围存在较大差异;RA均值作为参数分析依据,能够较好地反映岩爆事件的孕育发展过程,且能够一定程度上消除传感器接收信号数量差异的影响,更稳定地反映岩爆事件的信号特征;岩爆事件发生前RA均值与事件密度不断升高,峰值后则都迅速降低,而爆破产生的声发射信号则在RA值上存在一定突变性,且峰值后仍保持较高水平。本次监测中,共发生1次微型岩爆,而在左洞爆破后,声发射信号明显增多,但并未产生显著破裂事件。     

花岗岩蠕变特性及分数阶黏弹塑性模型研究

为了解花岗岩蠕变特性,采用全自动岩石三轴伺服仪对其开展试验研究,在常规三轴压缩试验基础上进行多级加载蠕变试验,系统分析花岗岩蠕变过程中整体蠕变规律和同围压不同应力水平下的轴向及环向蠕变变形量、蠕变速率随时间的变化规律。基于分数阶微积分算子及损伤力学理论,在Scott Blair黏壶基础上,考虑蠕变参数的非定常性,建立花岗岩黏弹塑性蠕变本构模型,并推导出其在恒应力情况下的三维黏弹塑性蠕变本构模型。结合花岗岩室内多级加载蠕变试验结果,采用Quasi Newton（BFGS）法对三维蠕变模型参数反演。结果表明,提出的模型与试验数据拟合较好并克服Nishihara模型不能描述蠕变非线性加速特征的不足,能够很好地反映花岗岩三阶段蠕变过程。     

Air Quality Measurements from the Fresno Supersite

ABSTRACT

The Fresno Supersite intends to 1) evaluate non-routine monitoring methods, establishing their comparability with existing methods and their applicability to air quality planning, exposure assessment, and health effects studies; 2) provide a better understanding of aerosol characteristics, behavior, and sources to assist regulatory agencies in developing standards and strategies that protect public health; and 3) support studies that evaluate relationships between aerosol properties, co-factors, and observed health end-points. Supersite observables include in-situ, continuous, short-duration measurements of 1) PM_2.5, PM₁₀, and coarse (PM₁₀ minus PM_2.5) mass; 2) PM_2.5 SO₄ ^-2, NO₃ ^-, carbon, light absorption, and light extinction; 3) numbers of particles in discrete size bins ranging from 0.01 to ~10μm; 4) criteria pollutant gases (O₃, CO, NO_x); 5) reactive gases (NO₂, NO_y, HNO₃, peroxyacetyl nitrate [PAN], NH₃); and 6) single particle characterization by time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Field sampling and laboratory analysis are applied for gaseous and particulate organic compounds (light hydrocarbons, heavy hydrocarbons, carbonyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAH], and other semi-volatiles), and PM_2.5 mass, elements, ions, and carbon. Observables common to other Supersites are 1) daily PM_2.5 24-hr average mass with Federal Reference Method (FRM) samplers; 2) continuous hourly and 5-min average PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ mass with beta attenuation monitors (BAM) and tapered element oscillating microbalances (TEOM); 3) PM_2.5 chemical specia-tion with a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) speciation monitor and protocol; 4) coarse particle mass by dichotomous sampler and difference between PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 BAM and TEOM measurements; 5) coarse particle chemical composition; and 6) high sensitivity and time resolution scalar and vector wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, and solar radiation. The Fresno Supersite is coordinated with health and toxicological studies that will use these data in establishing relationships with asthma, other respiratory disease, and cardiovascular changes in human and animal subjects.