Genetic connectivity among color morphs and Pacific archipelagos for the flame angelfish, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Centropyge loriculus</Emphasis>

Color variation is used in taxonomic classification of reef fishes, but it may not reliably indicate evolutionary divergence. In the central Pacific, there are three color morphs of the flame angelfish, Centropyge loriculus: a red morph that occurs primarily in the Hawaiian archipelago, the endemic Marquesan color morph with reduced black markings, and an orange morph that occurs throughout the rest of Oceania. The red and orange morphs co-occur at Johnston Atoll (1,300 km south of Hawai’i), but intermediate forms have not been reported. To determine whether the three color morphs represent distinct evolutionary lineages, we compared 641 base pairs of mitochondrial cytochrome b. Forty-one closely related haplotypes were observed in 116 individuals. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) indicated no significant genetic structure among color morphs (Φ_ST = 0.011, P = 0.147). Likewise, there was no significant pairwise structure between sampling locations, separated by up to 5,700 km, after a Bonferroni correction (Φ_ST = 0.000–0.080, P = 0.0130–0.999). Genetic studies in conjunction with larval distribution data indicate that Centropyge species are highly dispersive. While there is a strong geographic component to the distribution of color morphs in C. loriculus, we find no evidence for corresponding genetic partitioning. We do not rule out an adaptive role for color differentiation, but our data do not support emerging species.     

Factors influencing movement probabilities of big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) in buildings.

We investigated movements of female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus) roosting in maternity colonies in buildings in Fort Collins, Colorado (USA), during the summers of 2002, 2003, and 2005. This behavior can be of public health concern where bats that may carry diseases (e.g., rabies) move among buildings occupied by people. We used passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) to mark individual bats and hoop PIT readers at emergence points to passively monitor the use of building roosts by marked adult females on a daily basis during the lactation phase of reproduction. Multi-strata models were used to examine movements among roosts in relation to ambient temperatures and ectoparasite loads. Our results suggest that high ambient temperatures influence movements. Numbers of mites (Steatonyssus occidentalis) did not appear to influence movements of female bats among building roosts. In an urban landscape, periods with unusually hot conditions are accompanied by shifting of bats to different buildings or segments of buildings, and this behavior may increase the potential for contact with people in settings where, in comparison to their more regularly used buildings, the bats may be more likely to be of public concern as nuisances or health risks.     

五老峰隧道岩爆声发射参数特征研究

为研究岩爆事件的声发射特征,为岩爆灾害的进一步监测预警提供依据,对五老峰隧道掌子面附近区域岩爆事件进行声发射监测,以RA均值作为主要参数,研究岩爆发生前后的参数变化规律,并通过与b值等参数分析结果的相互印证,对比岩爆信号与爆破震动信号之间的区别。试验结果表明:不同传感器因为布设位置、耦合程度的差异,接收到的声发射信号数量与参数分布范围存在较大差异;RA均值作为参数分析依据,能够较好地反映岩爆事件的孕育发展过程,且能够一定程度上消除传感器接收信号数量差异的影响,更稳定地反映岩爆事件的信号特征;岩爆事件发生前RA均值与事件密度不断升高,峰值后则都迅速降低,而爆破产生的声发射信号则在RA值上存在一定突变性,且峰值后仍保持较高水平。本次监测中,共发生1次微型岩爆,而在左洞爆破后,声发射信号明显增多,但并未产生显著破裂事件。     

Demographic composition of the feeding population of juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) off Charleston,South Carolina: evidence from mitochondrial DNA markers

To determine the origin of juvenile loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) that occupy the Charleston Harbor Entrance Channel at Charleston, South Carolina, USA, mitochondrial DNA restriction-fragment length polymorphisms from this feeding population were compared to haplotypes from candidate nesting populations. Previous studies have defined two major nesting populations in the southeastern USA, one corresponding to Florida and the other to Georgia/South Carolina. These nesting populations are distinguished by both unique haplotypes and frequency distributions of common haplotypes. The frequency distribution of haplotypes in the juvenile feeding-ground population was significantly different from both nesting populations, implying that the feeding aggregate is drawn from two or more nesting populations. Assuming that these turtles are derived exclusively from rookeries in the southeastern USA, a maximum likelihood estimator indicates that approximately half are from the Florida rookery and half are from the northern (Georgia/South Carolina) rookery complex. Because 91% of nesting in the southeastern USA occurs in Florida rookeries and 8% in the northern complex, the 50:50 ratio indicates that juvenile turtles from Georgia and South Carolina tend to feed preferentially near their respective rookery locations. Human encroachment on this feeding habitat may pose an especially high risk to the smaller Georgia/South Carolina rookeries.     

An inventory of long-lived radionuclides residual from underground nuclear testing at the Nevada test site, 1951-1992

An inventory of long-lived radionuclides produced by 828 underground nuclear tests conducted at the Nevada test site (NTS) from 1951 to 1992 includes residual tritium, fission products, actinides, and activation products. Recently, the US Department of Energy approved the declassification of the NTS radionuclide inventory by principal geographic test centers. This permits unclassified publication of radionuclide totals for the Yucca Flat, Pahute Mesa-Area 19, Pahute Mesa-Area 20, Frenchman Flat, and Rainier Mesa/Shoshone Mountain testing locations. Activities are reported as of September 23, 1992, the date of the last underground nuclear test conducted at the NTS, and September 23, 2492, after 500 years of radioactive decay. The availability of these data affords an opportunity for the analysis of the radiologic source term within the boundaries of local hydrogeologic units and provides insight to where radionuclides are sited relative to potential exposure pathways.     

基于时域权重矩阵的模糊综合水质评价法及其应用

水质评价作为合理开发和保护水资源的一项重要工作,越来越受到人们重视。传统的模糊综合水质评价方法因未考虑到水质指标权重的季节变化而可能影响评价结果,故对水质指标权重向量进行了改进,提出了时域权重矩阵的概念,并将实测权重向量与时域权重矩阵相结合,进行组合赋权,得到综合权重向量。应用改进的模糊综合评价方法对某引水明渠水质进行综合评价,结果相比于传统模糊综合水质评价法更符合实际。     

花岗岩蠕变特性及分数阶黏弹塑性模型研究

为了解花岗岩蠕变特性,采用全自动岩石三轴伺服仪对其开展试验研究,在常规三轴压缩试验基础上进行多级加载蠕变试验,系统分析花岗岩蠕变过程中整体蠕变规律和同围压不同应力水平下的轴向及环向蠕变变形量、蠕变速率随时间的变化规律。基于分数阶微积分算子及损伤力学理论,在Scott Blair黏壶基础上,考虑蠕变参数的非定常性,建立花岗岩黏弹塑性蠕变本构模型,并推导出其在恒应力情况下的三维黏弹塑性蠕变本构模型。结合花岗岩室内多级加载蠕变试验结果,采用Quasi Newton（BFGS）法对三维蠕变模型参数反演。结果表明,提出的模型与试验数据拟合较好并克服Nishihara模型不能描述蠕变非线性加速特征的不足,能够很好地反映花岗岩三阶段蠕变过程。     

A review of the impact of outdoor and indoor environmental factors on human health in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported that global climate change has led to the increased occurrence of extreme weather...