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71.
Anticipatory governance for social-ecological resilience 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Anticipation is increasingly central to urgent contemporary debates, from climate change to the global economic crisis. Anticipatory practices are coming to the forefront of political, organizational, and citizens’ society. Research into anticipation, however, has not kept pace with public demand for insights into anticipatory practices, their risks and uses. Where research exists, it is deeply fragmented. This paper seeks to identify how anticipation is defined and understood in the literature and to explore the role of anticipatory practice to address individual, social, and global challenges. We use a resilience lens to examine these questions. We illustrate how varying forms of anticipatory governance are enhanced by multi-scale regional networks and technologies and by the agency of individuals, drawing from an empirical case study on regional water governance of Mälaren, Sweden. Finally, we discuss how an anticipatory approach can inform adaptive institutions, decision making, strategy formation, and societal resilience. 相似文献
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Sucharova J Suchara I Hola M Reimann C Boyd R Filzmoser P Englmaier P 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(5):1205-1214
While terrestrial moss and other plants are frequently used for environmental mapping and monitoring projects, data on the regional geochemistry of humus are scarce. Humus, however, has a much larger life span than any plant material. It can be seen as the “environmental memory” of an area for at least the last 60-100 years. Here concentrations of 39 elements determined by ICP-MS and ICP AES, pH and ash content are presented for 259 samples of forest floor humus collected at an average sample density of 1 site/300 km2 in the Czech Republic. The scale of anomalies linked to known contamination sources (e.g., lignite mining and burning, metallurgical industry, coal fired power plants, metal smelters) is documented and discussed versus natural processes influencing humus quality. Most maps indicate a local impact from individual contamination sources: often more detailed sampling than used here would be needed to differentiate between likely sources. 相似文献
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Rocío López de la Lama Nathan Bennett Janette Bulkan David Boyd Kai M. A. Chan 《Conservation biology》2023,37(4):e14068
Privately protected areas (PPAs) are a potentially innovative conservation tool. Legal recognition is necessary for their success, especially where there are institutional challenges to nature conservation, such as in South America. Although PPAs have increased in South America since the early 2000s, there is a critical information gap pertaining to their legal frameworks. We analyzed the level of landowner commitment to and governmental support for PPAs across countries in South America that officially recognize PPAs. We analyzed the legal framework governing PPAs and reviewed literature on them. This process was done in English and Spanish. The information we gathered was validated by 16 conservation experts from 10 South American countries. Because Peru is 1 of only 2 South American countries where local communities create and manage PPAs, we studied Peruvian PPAs in more detail by examining official creation documents and interviewing 13 local conservation professionals. We found inadequate minimum duration of PPAs and vague guidelines for conducting economic activities within them and a lack of governmental support (e.g., financial and technical support) for PPAs. Support was limited to the exemption from rural property taxes, which are relatively low compared with countries outside South America. In Peru, PPAs run by individuals and communities needed different legal frameworks because they were created with different objectives and had different sizes and duration of commitments. The prompt improvement of legal frameworks across South America is necessary for PPAs to achieve their aim of being places for enduring nature conservation in the region. 相似文献
76.
The objective of this Incubator is to stimulate research in the area of multiple jobholding (MJH), a long‐neglected topic in organizational behavior. We first discuss the prevalence of, and motivation for, MJH and then discuss possible dangers and benefits of MJH. Throughout, we discuss ideas for future research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
77.
Certain criteria must be satisfied before a licence for the deposition of dredged material at sea in UK waters is issued.
These relate to the chemical quality of the material, the quantity to be disposed of, its nature and origin, and its predicted
impacts at the disposal site. Although chemical analyses of dredgings provide an indication of the relative degrees of contamination,
they do not provide a measure of any resultant biological effects. A laboratory experiment was therefore designed to investigate
the effects of the degree of contamination and the role of burial associated with the deposition of dredged material on the
meiofauna. Estuarine nematode assemblages were exposed to the simulated deposition of uncontaminated, oxic intertidal mud
and anoxic sediments from the Mersey and the Tees estuaries, both of which were contaminated with heavy metals. The sediments,
which differed little in terms of grain size, were deposited in two different frequencies. Nematodes showed a clear species-specific
response to the experimental treatments, depending on the frequency of deposition and the chemical quality of the deposited
material (e.g. metal and oxygen concentrations). The response of nematode assemblages was mainly determined by the deposition
frequency rather than the type of sediment or the degree of contamination. The deposition of sediment in one large dose at
the beginning of the experiment caused more severe changes in assemblage structure than the same quantity deposited in several
smaller doses. Although lower than in uncontaminated mud, relatively high migration and survival rates in the contaminated
high-frequency treatments were observed. This may have been due to reduced bioavailability of metals and the tolerance of
estuarine nematodes to both metal contamination and the deposition of small sediment volumes at regular intervals. The observed
trends demonstrate the potential of small-scale laboratory experiments for testing the quality of contaminated dredged material
at the licensing stage, i.e. prior to the issue of a disposal licence.
Received: 11 February 2000 / Accepted: 26 June 2000 相似文献
78.
Kramer DB Polasky S Starfield A Palik B Westphal L Snyder S Jakes P Hudson R Gustafson E 《Environmental management》2006,38(3):411-425
Roughly 45% of the assessed lakes in the United States are impaired for one or more reasons. Eutrophication due to excess
phosphorus loading is common in many impaired lakes. Various strategies are available to lake residents for addressing declining
lake water quality, including septic system upgrades and establishing riparian buffers. This study examines 25 lakes to determine
whether septic upgrades or riparian buffers are a more cost-effective strategy to meet a phosphorus reduction target. We find
that riparian buffers are the more cost-effective strategy in every case but one. Large transaction costs associated with
the negotiation and monitoring of riparian buffers, however, may be prohibiting lake residents from implementing the most
cost-effective strategy.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
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